CN102919040A - Method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils - Google Patents
Method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils. The method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a specific variety of ramie with high resistance against heavy metal contamination and cultivating strong ramie seedlings by using a young shoot cottage propagation technique; B, constructing a ramie garden and applying a passivator to reduce the activity of heavy metal in soils; C, transplanting in right time and carrying out rational close planting; D, scientifically carrying out cross dressing and cracking stems in right time; and E, preventing and controlling insect disease prevention in time and strengthening winter cultivation management of the garden. Practical results show that the yields of the newly planted ramie garden in the current year and the next year are respectively 75.1-78.4kg/mu and 88.8-91.7kg/mu which are the same as or even higher than those of the newly planted ramie garden with clean soils at the same term; moreover, the heavy metal content of raw ramie can be controlled in a range specified in related standard, and the safe and efficient agricultural utilization of middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils is realized. The method is simple and convenient in technique and easy to implement; moreover, the effect of the method is even higher if applied to the mild heavy metal contaminated soils. The method has a broad application prospect in mass areas with heavy metal contaminated soils.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment child care and recovery technique field, more specifically relate to a kind of method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie, be suitable for the popularization of the peasant in vast heavy metal pollution area and agrotechnical department etc.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of industrialization and urbanization, China's heavy metal pollution of soil problem more and more is subject to people's great attention.According to related data, phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century, China was subjected to only 2,670,000 hectares of the arable areas of the heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, just be increased to 6,670,000 hectares in the time of 1988, to last century end 10 million hectare, broken through 2,000 ten thousand hectares at present, accounted for 20% of whole arable areas.More seriously, the heavy metal pollution of China's basic farmland is also quite serious.In recent years to the sampling monitoring result of 300,000 hectares of Basic Farmland Conservation Zones soil harmful heavy metals, found that 3.6 ten thousand hectares heavy metal content in soil exceeds standard according to national environmental protection section, exceeding standard rate is up to 12.1%.How to repair the contaminated by heavy metals farmland of utilization, caused the great attention of governments at all levels.
Generally speaking, China is not talk about " replanting " and " transformation of the way " rashly for slight heavy metal pollution farmland and part moderate heavy metal pollution farmland, always keep original cropping pattern by various technological approaches by every means, to produce abundant edible agricultural product, with the grain security of guarantee China and the quality safety of food agricultural produce, only have and really can not produce the part heavy metal pollution farmland (being serious pollution farmland and small part intermediate pollution farmland) that meets the state food safety standard, just by phytoremediation technology it is improved utilization, but do not talk about the character of abandoning its farming land rashly yet, be not broken to guarantee country's " red lines in 1,800,000,000 mu of arable lands " lowest limit.
At present, usually the phytoremediation technology that adopts both at home and abroad mainly contains two classes: a class is to adopt super enriching plant to repair contaminated by heavy metals soil, such as penny cress (Thlaspi caerulescens) etc., but the large multi-biomass of super enriching plant is low, a little less than the diseases and insect pests resistance, and be used for the farmland and repair the character that will change its farming land; Another kind of is that the plant of adopting biomass to possess greatly and not super enriching heavy metal element is repaired and utilizes contaminated soil, such as bast fiber crop, flue-cured tobacco, mulberry tree, corn etc.
Ramie (Boehmeria.L) originates in the Southwestern China area, is the perennial root herbaceous plant, also is most important textile fabric crop, and its strong adaptability all can be planted on the various soil in Pinghu, hills and mountain area.Although the bibliographical information of a large amount of ramie high quality and yield cultivation techniques aspect is arranged both at home and abroad, and China relevant department has has also issued and implemented relevant ramie high quality and yield cultivation techniques rules (such as " the Hunan Province provincial standard ramie culture technique standard (DB/T384-2008) " of Hunan Province Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision in issue enforcement), but its technology has still suffered from many technical bottlenecks and obstacle applying of heavy metal pollution area:
The one, many ramee varieties do not possess the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, and can not finish normal growth cycle in the heavy metal pollution area, even are polluting on the more serious soil and can not survive.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development ramie, must select to have the certain species that tolerates more by force the heavy metal pollution ability.
The 2nd, ramie is the plant of fibrous root, even some certain species possesses the ability of the heavy metal pollution resisted, but the early growth period in the heavy metal pollution area, root system development still is subject to serious threat, even by heavy metal " corrosion " and dead (the newborn root system of Seedling Stage is particularly serious), sexual propagation (being seed growing) technology be unsuitable for the large scale application in heavy metal pollution area (the rear newborn root system mortality of emerging cause numb garden be short of seedling/to lack the root and stem of certain plants a lot of), and it is too large to cut the workload of root sowing, too high and kind (coming) the source resource-constrained of cost of transportation.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development ramie, can only select tender tip cuttage technique to breed numb seedling, and have the environment that enough old root system adapts to heavy metal pollution through the formation radish shape root of surviving the winter to guarantee seedling.
The 3rd, possess the ramie certain species of resisting the heavy metal pollution ability, it is to lerance threshold that the tolerance of different vertical distributions is all had an obvious separation.Be 11.7 mg/kg (the applicant's the results that study for a long period of time such as ramie to the to lerance threshold of cadmium (Cd), to publish on the 4th phase that " China's fiber crops industry science " publishes in August, 2012), cadmium content in the soil is lower than this value, the Raw fiber yield of ramie and conventional numb garden (namely not being subjected to the fiber crops district of heavy metal pollution) do not have a notable difference (p＞0.05), and the cadmium of lower content (0.5-2.5 mg/kg) is grown Ramie Growth and is had significant spread effect (p＜0.01), can promote the root and stem of certain plants and the plant division of ramie; Be higher than this value, can occur sending out that the root and stem of certain plants is slow, plant division is few even the phenomenon such as the dead root and stem of certain plants, have a strong impact on the basic index (such as every mu of effective strain number) that the ramie high yield consists of.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development ramie, need to determine a rational planting density and a suitable broken bar time (being the time that planting fiber crops garden gathers in the crops ramie first).
The 4th, the pH value of soil is directly connected to the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, affects the quality of agricultural product.Long-term use in a large number such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer and such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, to directly cause the pH value of soil to reduce, the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil is strengthened, increase crop to absorption and the accumulation of heavy metal element, this is that the applicant studies and the result who puts into practice for many years.Ramie is the larger perennial crop of a kind of fertilizer requirement, need to use a large amount of chemical fertilizer every year and just can guarantee its stable high yield.Therefore, produce heavy metal pollution regional development ramie, the especially science problem of topdressing of a rational application of fertilizer is arranged, what use because topdress all is chemical fertilizer, if use improper, not only can induced environment risk (pollution of area source), and acidified soil, the activity of increase heavy metal-polluted soil.
Many technical problems and bottleneck for above-mentioned obstruction heavy metal pollution regional development ramie produces according to applicant's years of researches result and practical experience, have proposed this invention content and technical application scheme.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie.Use the method heavy metal pollution area plantation ramie, ramie output and inferior days, fiber crops output can reach respectively thousand g/acres of 75.1-78.4 and 88.8-91.7 then, with same period cleaning soil planting fiber crops garden quite in addition slightly high (but difference between the two is not remarkable, p＞0.05), and the content of beary metal in the raw ramie can be controlled in the scope of relevant criterion limit value, the agricultural safety of having realized the moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, if it is better to be used for the effect of slight heavy-metal contaminated soil, its technology is easy, easy to implement the method, have broad application prospects in vast heavy metal pollution area.
In order to realize above-mentioned Destination and task, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
A kind of method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie the steps include:
A. select the certain species of anti-heavy metal pollution, and use tender tip cutting propagation technology (referring to " crop cultivation " chapter 13 ramie of the chief editor such as Hu Liyong, Higher Education Publishing House published in 2008) and cultivate ramie strong sprout.Select middle ramie No. 1, or No. 2, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 4, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or No. 7, river ramie, or Chuan Zhu8, or the ramee variety of the specific anti-heavy metal pollution such as Ganzhu 4, be that the seed growing technology is (referring to " crop cultivation " chapter 13 ramie of the chief editors such as Hu Liyong by sexual reproduction technique, Higher Education Publishing House, published in 2008) set up maternal plant garden at the soil of heavy metal intermediate pollution, in mid-September to the last ten-days period its stem tip of clip or minute branch cuttage on the not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on 30 centimetres the husky bed, its cutting propagation density must be than the minimizing 10-15% that is used for the numb garden of newly-built routine, the tender tip number that is every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is the 170-180 strain, in order to cultivating strong sprout.
Described heavy metal refers to comprise 7 kinds of elements of cadmium (Cd), plumbous (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn).
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, farming land allowable value according to country " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) " regulation, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: cadmium content exceeds GB farming land allowable value 6-17 doubly (in Cd), the content of arsenic, nickel, copper exceeds 5-8 times (respectively in As, Ni, Cu) of GB farming land allowable value, and the content of lead, chromium, zinc exceeds 3-5 times (respectively in Pb, Cr, Zn) of GB farming land allowable value.
Described cleaning soil, its content of beary metal all is strict controlled in the farming land allowable value of country " standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) " regulation, that is: in the soil cadmium＜0.30 mg/kg (in Cd), lead＜250 mg/kg (in Pb), arsenic＜30 mg/kg (in As), chromium＜250 mg/kg (in Cr), nickel＜40 mg/kg (in Ni), copper＜50 mg/kg (in Cu), zinc＜200 mg/kg (in Zn).
The numb garden of described newly-built routine refers to newly-built, the then living numb garden of planting on cleaning soil.
Refer to through 2 years after the surviving the winter numb seedlings of life described strong sprout, and its distinguishing feature is that root length has the old root of obvious radish shape.
The source explanation of described ramee variety genetic resources:
No. 1, middle ramie: former code name 8306 is crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences seed selection high yield New Ramie Varieties out from the filial generation of " roundleaf is blue or green " * " giantreed is blue or green ", makes a joint checkup (recognizing) by national variety certification committee member in February, 2004 and decides also formally to name.
No. 2, Hunan ramie: it is blue or green to have another name called the garden leaf, former code name 7510, be the seed that crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences adopts No. 1 natural breed of Hunan ramie, form through 60Co-gamma Rays, seed selection, made a joint checkup (recognizing) by Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee member and decide also formally to name in 1986.
No. 3, Hunan ramie: original name C-20 is that ramie research institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan forms from the seed selection through the offspring of open pollination of the Guangxi casting skin root and stem of certain plants, makes a joint checkup (recognizing) by Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee member and decides also formally to name in 1989.
No. 3, China's ramie: former code name 5223-5 is that Hua Zhong Agriculture University crudefiber crop research department makes the ramie new lines that the hybridization of maternal and rare joint bar forms with the Xinyu fiber crops, and also formally name by the Crop breed audit committee member of Hubei Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed in April, 1999.
No. 4, China's ramie: former code name 5117-9 is that Hua Zhong Agriculture University crudefiber crop research department makes the ramie new lines that the hybridization of maternal and rare joint bar forms with the Xinyu fiber crops, and also formally name by the Crop breed audit committee member of Hubei Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed in April, 1999.
No. 5, China's ramie: former code name 7323-1, Hua Zhong Agriculture University crudefiber crop research department and Yangxin County Science and Technology Development Center with the offspring of " (five-leaved chaste tree skin * rare joint bar) " * " (ten thousand years chicken bone white * the large root and stem of certain plants fiber crops in Libo) ", through the ramee variety that Artificial Control apomixis seed selection forms, made a joint checkup (recognizing) by the Crop breed audit committee member of Hubei Province and decide also formally to name in 2004.
No. 5, river ramie: the individual plant (root and stem of certain plants) that to be Rongchang County, Sichuan Province bureau of agriculture select from two generations of the little numb selfing of red skin, cultivate through for many years and to form, also formally named by the Crop breed audit committee member of Sichuan Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed in 1996.
No. 7, river ramie: be the good male sterile series C13 that Dazhou City, Sichuan institute of agricultural sciences utilizes self-fertile, adopt two line method, newly make up with the good hybridization that self-fertile Elite restorer line B8 is mixed with, made a joint checkup (recognizing) by the Crop breed audit committee member of Sichuan Province and decide also formally to name in 1998.
Chuan Zhu8: be Dazhou City, Sichuan institute of agricultural sciences take the male sterile line C26 of self-fertile as the parent, adopt two line method, with the good quality and super high yield hybridization New Ramie Variety that the special restorer T6 hybridization of ramie forms, made a joint checkup (recognizing) by the Crop breed audit committee member of Sichuan Province and decide also formally to name in 2002.
Ganzhu 4: former code name 93-24, that Agricultural University Of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Province's crudefiber crop Science Institute adopt the line breeding method from the kind of No. 2 seminal propagation progeny selections of Hunan ramie success, variety identification was numbered state mirror fiber crops 2006002 by the non-staple crops variety identification in national agrotechnical center in 2006.
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil.Choosing is fine in the soil of deep ploughing the 10-12 month then of growing seedlings, and its degree of depth is advisable with 40-45 centimetre; Minute railway carriage or compartment ridging between March next year, the wide 1.5-4.0 rice that is generally in railway carriage or compartment, concrete specification on numb child-care center in physical features, select kind and harvesting approach to decide; The long general control in ridge then must be increased a waist ditch when whenever surpassing 25 meters in 25 meters; Every tap drain of 3-5 railway carriage or compartment excavation, excavation encloses ditch all around; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditching depth that encloses ditch are generally 40-55 centimetre, decide on numb field gesture and harvesting approach; Before the numb seedling of determining to plant, finish construction task between the numb vegetable gardens such as a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, the whole ground of trench digging in 4-6 days, and use the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quicklime by following standard immediately after finishing: thousand g/acres of oil cake 150-200 become thoroughly decomposed wholely, thousand g/acres of fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50-75, thousand g/acres of quicklime 40-50, with the activity of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee the survival rate after the numb transplantation of seedlings.The concrete consumption of passivator is decided on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil.Total principle is: heavy metal content in soil is low, fertility level is high, the passivator Shaoshi; Heavy metal content in soil is high, fertility level is low, and passivator is executed more.
Described harvesting approach refers to the numb and two kinds of numb modes of receipts of machinery stripping fiber crops of artificial stripping.
Described soil heavy metal passivant refers to comprise the three kinds of materials of oil cake, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and quicklime of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
The described oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed by cake-shaped rape seed dregs or tea is withered or the withered mixture of cake-shaped rape seed dregs/tea forms through 20 days spontaneous fermentation, has the dual-use function of fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently in the present invention.
Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is commercially available commodity chemical fertilizer, has in the present invention the dual-use function of phosphate fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently.
Described quicklime, be a kind of strong alkaline substance of being produced through acidolysis, adding reaction of sodium bicarbonate and calcination process by calcium carbonate, its composition is calcium oxide, and chemical formula is CaO, mainly as the heavy metal deactivator of soil, also provide part calcareous (Ca for numb seedling simultaneously in the present invention
2+) nutrition.
C. transplant and rational close planting in good time.Use steps A. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine the transplanting in early April next year, and waters immediately sufficient normal root water; The planting density in moderate heavy metal pollution fiber crops garden must be than the minimizing 4.5-7.5% in the numb garden of newly-built routine, and namely the density of the every mu of numb seedling of planting is the 2220-2870 root and stem of certain plants.
D. science is topdressed and in good time broken bar.A. for the broken bar fiber crops of transplanting then, topdress 2-3 time, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 5.5-7.0 kilogram (in N), total phosphorus content is controlled at the 0.3-0.6 kilogram (with P
2O
5Meter), general potassium amount is controlled at the 3.6-4.8 kilogram (with K
2The O meter); B. for two, the three seasons fiber crops and two, three seasons fiber crops in the 6-7 backward of transplanting then, topdress in per season 2 times, all need after front season results 5-8 days with 12-15 days during in finish every mu of N of per season, P
2O
5And K
2Control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of O, the ratio of administered twice is 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5, decides on the growing way of ramie; C. no matter be broken bar fiber crops then, still then two, three seasons fiber crops and topdressing of two, three season fiber crops in the 6-7 backward, all forbidding is such as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid the aggravation soil acidification, the activity of increase heavy metal; D. the broken bar time in moderate heavy metal pollution fiber crops garden, must than 4-6 days ahead of time of the numb garden of newly-built routine, namely transplant the broken bar fiber crops of results in rear 75-80 days.
Described broken bar refers to the first results in planting fiber crops garden.
Described broken bar fiber crops refer to that the first season of planting fiber crops garden results is numb.
Described two, three seasons are numb, refer to respectively the ramie of gathering in the crops during late July to early August, mid-October to early November.
E. in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the numb garden winter training management of reinforcement.A. the modal damage by disease and insect of ramie mainly is pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants, adopts the chemical pesticide control mode more more direct, economical than alternate manner, effective in the heavy metal pollution area.B. every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark be 10% Rugby granular mix 50 kilograms in soil spread fertilizer over the fields can prevent and treat ramie root-rot nematodosis, to be 800 times of liquid of isoprocarb of 35% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions contain the phase spraying of sending out floral leaf cicada nymph can prevent and treat the mosaic disease of ramie, be that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and sprays in larva clustering or the Sheng phase of incubating and can prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and the yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants of ramie with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions; C. after the annual three fiber crops results, must carry out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate and stretch in the ranks that horse race root, the railway carriage or compartment face earthing of part are fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the field winter training management work such as the root and stem of certain plants, to guarantee that days, fiber crops were the high yield of the fiber crops first season, its technical essential can be undertaken by the related request of " ramie culture technique standard (DB/T384-2008) ", uses such as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on but must guard against in the process of fostering and apply fertilizer.
Described gram line is red, is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is a kind of tagging property nematocide and insecticide, and without fumigation action, high toxicity, its preparation are 10% Rugby granular (Rugby, 10%G).
Described isoprocarb claims again to put out prestige, is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is a kind of insecticide that has tagging property and interior absorption concurrently.
Described decis has another name called " decis ", is a kind of the most frequently used commercially available (commodity) agricultural chemicals.It is the highest a kind of of virulence in the present chrysanthemum ester insecticide.
Described head fiber crops refer to the ramie of gathering in the crops during late May to early June.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
A. No. 1, the middle ramie determined of the present invention, No. 2, Hunan ramie, No. 3, Hunan ramie, No. 3, China's ramie, No. 4, China's ramie, No. 5, China's ramie, No. 5, river ramie, No. 7, river ramie, 10 ramie certain species such as Chuan Zhu8 and Ganzhu 4, even exceed 17 times of GB farming land allowable value at the content of Cadmium in Soil, or arsenic, nickel, copper content all exceeds 8 times of GB farming land allowable value, or plumbous, chromium, zinc content all exceeds under the abominable soil environment condition of 5 times of grades of GB farming land allowable value, all can finish normal growth cycle, and (the planting fiber crops garden yield result then of the applicant's microcell constructed experiment is 75-105 g/m to have higher Raw fiber yield, amount to per mu yield 50-70 kilogram), the ability that shows above-mentioned certain species tolerance heavy metal pollution is stronger, is that heavy metal pollution regional development ramie produces, realize contaminated soil agricultural safety and the efficient first-selected kind of utilizing.
B. the specific ramee variety determined of the present invention, set up maternal plant garden by sexual reproduction technique in the heavy metal pollution area, cut its tender tip and breed the seedling breeding technology of a series of standards such as strong sprout at cleaning soil or husky bed, there is no at present bibliographical information in this respect both at home and abroad, not only can be the large-area applications ramie reparation of vast heavy metal pollution area and utilize the farmland of its intermediate pollution that abundant seedling (source) is provided, and production cost lower (cutting the low 20-30% of production cost of root sowing).
C. the present invention's some heavy metal element (especially cadmium) of taking full advantage of low concentration characteristic that can stimulate Ramie Growth to grow, rationally reduce numb garden planting density and appropriateness and done sth. in advance the broken bar time of ramie, not only reduced the labour intensity (1.5/mu labours' of the numb garden of more newly-built routine decreased average inputs) in newly-built numb garden, and be to gather in the crops then three season ramies (broken bar fiber crops, two fiber crops and three fiber crops) to provide the abundant time, guaranteed the high-yield and high-efficiency of planting fiber crops garden current year's productions.
D. the present invention take full advantage of become thoroughly decomposed oil cake and fused calcium magnesium phosphate can the required nutrient of effective supply ramie, the effective dual-use function of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil activity again is for the survival rate of guaranteeing heavy metal pollution fiber crops garden, the basic high-yield targets such as effective strain of possessing the ramie high yield are laid a good foundation.Use the fertilizer cost that farmyard manure or farmyard manure have increased 75-100 unit/mu newly although drop into the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the labor of having saved 1-2/mu, its overall economic efficiency is still considerable.
E. the present invention is not only applicable to the moderate Heavy metal contaminated soil, and the effect on slight heavy-metal contaminated soil is better, has broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but is not to be limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie the steps include:
A. select the certain species of anti-heavy metal pollution, and use tender tip cutting propagation technology and cultivate ramie strong sprout.
Select middle ramie No. 1, or No. 2, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 4, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or No. 7, river ramie, or Chuan Zhu8, or the ramee variety of the specific anti-heavy metal pollution such as Ganzhu 4, be that the seed growing technology is set up maternal plant garden at the soil of heavy metal intermediate pollution by sexual reproduction technique, in mid-September or late September its stem tip of clip minute branch cuttage on the not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on 30 centimetres the husky bed.
The seedbed cutting propagation density of seedling breeding must be than the minimizing 10% or 12.5% or 15% that is used for the numb garden of newly-built routine, and namely the tender tip number of every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is 170 or 175 or 180 strains, to cultivate strong sprout.
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil.
Choosing is fine in growing seedlings then 10 or 11 or the soil of deep ploughing December, and its ploughing depth is advisable with 40 or 42 or 43 or 45 centimetres, minute railway carriage or compartment ridging between March next year.
Fiber crops the garden divide the railway carriage or compartment of railway carriage or compartment ridging wide, be generally 1.5 or 1.8 or 2.1 or 2.4 or 2.8 or 3.2 or 3.6 or 4.0 meters, its concrete specification on numb child-care center in physical features, select kind and harvesting approach to decide.According to the applicant's practical experience for many years: be advisable in (1.5-2.4 rice) with narrow railway carriage or compartment in the numb garden of hillside, flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field then with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8-4.0 rice); Send out the numb garden of the certain species (such as No. 3, magnificent ramie, No. 5, river ramie) that the root and stem of certain plants is slow, the plant division ability is weak and be advisable with narrow railway carriage or compartment (1.5-2.4 rice), send out the root and stem of certain plants is fast, the plant division ability is strong certain species (such as No. 1, middle ramie, No. 3, Hunan ramie) then with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8-4.0 rice); Be advisable in (1.5-2.4 rice) with narrow railway carriage or compartment in the numb garden of artificial stripping fiber crops, machinery stripping fiber crops then with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8-4.0 rice).
The fiber crops garden divides the ridge of railway carriage or compartment ridging long, and general control then must be increased a waist ditch when whenever surpassing 25 meters in 25 meters.
In the fiber crops garden every tap drain of 3 or 4 or 5 railway carriage or compartments excavations, excavate and enclose ditch all around.
Tap drain is 40 or 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres with the ditching depth that encloses ditch in the fiber crops garden, concrete specification is decided on numb field gesture and harvesting approach, total principle is: the numb garden of hillside with shallow ridges (40-50 centimetre) be advisable, then being advisable with zanjon (45-55 centimetre) of flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field, the numb garden of artificial results with shallow ridges (40-50 centimetre) be advisable, then being advisable with zanjon (40-50 centimetre) of mechanical harvest, but must guarantee with the irrigation and drainage of the railway carriage or compartment ditch (ditch depth is 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres) in numb garden, waist ditch (ditch depth is 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres) etc. unimpeded.
Before the numb seedling of determining to plant, must finish construction task between the numb vegetable gardens such as a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, the whole ground of trench digging in 4 or 5 or 6 days, and after finishing, use soil heavy metal passivant by following standard immediately wholely: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 150 or 160 or 170 or 180 or 190 or 200,000 g/acres, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75,000 g/acres, quicklime 40 or 45 or 50,000 g/acres.Using the purpose of passivator, mainly is the activity that reduces heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantees the survival rate after the numb transplantation of seedlings, also is simultaneously to provide necessary nutrient (use passivator and replaced numb garden base manure) for numb seedling growth.The concrete consumption of passivator is decided on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil.Total principle is: heavy metal content in soil is low, fertility level is high, the passivator Shaoshi; Heavy metal content in soil is high, fertility level is low, and passivator is executed more.
C. transplant and rational close planting in good time.
Use steps A. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine the transplanting in early April next year, and waters immediately sufficient normal root water.
The planting density in fiber crops garden, land for growing field crops, must be according to selecting sending out the fundamental characteristics such as root and stem of certain plants speed, plant division ability power and considering the spread effect that some heavy metal element (especially cadmium) is grown Ramie Growth at low concentration of kind, to reduce 4.5% or 5.5% or 6.5% or 7.5% than the density in the numb garden of newly-built routine.Generally speaking, heavy metal content in soil is high, and its density of planting is large.According to the applicant's practical experience for many years: for sending out the specific ramee variety (such as No. 1, middle ramie, No. 3, Hunan ramie) that the root and stem of certain plants is fast, the plant division ability is strong, the Suitable Density of every mu of field planting fiber crops seedling is 2290 or 2270 or 2240 or 2220 root and stem of certain plants; The root and stem of certain plants is slow for sending out, the specific ramee variety (such as No. 3, magnificent ramie, No. 5, river ramie) a little less than the plant division ability, and the Suitable Density of every mu of field planting fiber crops seedling is 2870 or 2840 or 2810 or 2780 root and stem of certain plants.
D. science is topdressed and in good time broken bar.
For the broken bar fiber crops of transplanting then, to topdress 2 or 3 times, every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N) is controlled at 5.5 or 6.0 or 6.5 or 7.0 kilograms, total phosphorus content (with P
2O
5Meter) is controlled at 0.3 or 0.4 or 0.5 or 0.6 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2The O meter) is controlled at 3.6 or 4.2 or 4.8 kilograms.Concrete application times and fertilizer amount are decided on ramie colony growing way, and total principle is: numb garden colony growing way is good, and fertilizer application frequency is few.
For transplant then two, three seasons fiber crops and two, three seasons in 6 or 7 years backward fiber crops, topdress in per season 2 times, all need 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 days after front season results, and finish every mu of N of per season, P in two periods of 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 days
2O
5And K
2Control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of O, the ratio of administered twice is 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5, decides on colony's growing way in numb garden.
No matter be broken bar fiber crops then, still then two, three seasons fiber crops and the topdressing of two, three season fiber crops in 6 or 7 years backward, all forbidding is such as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid the aggravation soil acidification, the activity of increase heavy metal.
For preventing invalid plant division, the broken bar time in moderate and slight heavy metal pollution area planting fiber crops garden must be than 4 or 5 or 6 days ahead of time of the numb garden of newly-built routine, that is: broken bar fiber crops of results 75 or 76 or 77 or 78 or 79 or 80 days time the after transplanting.
E. in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the numb garden winter training management of reinforcement.
The modal damage by disease and insect of ramie mainly is pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants.
Plant ramie at heavy metal pollution (especially having cut off the intermediate pollution of food chain in serious pollution and part) soil, adopt the Agro-chemicals control damage by disease and insect be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).
Every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark are that 10% Rugby granular is mixed 50 kilograms in soil and spread fertilizer over the fields, and can prevent and treat ramie root-rot nematodosis.
Every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are that 800 times of liquid of isoprocarb of 35% are contained the phase of sending out spraying, the mosaic disease that can prevent and treat ramie floral leaf cicada nymph.
Every mu of usefulness 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and incubates the phase spraying in larva clustering or Sheng, can prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and the yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants of ramie.
After the annual three fiber crops results, must carry out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate and stretch in the ranks that horse race root, the railway carriage or compartment face earthing of part are fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the field winter training management work such as the root and stem of certain plants, be the high yield of the fiber crops first season to guarantee to come days fiber crops.
The technical essential of fiber crops garden winter training management, can be undertaken by the related request of " ramie culture technique standard (DB/T384-2008) ", use such as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on such as the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate and so on but must guard against in the process of fostering and apply fertilizer.
The pilot plant test of " a kind of method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie " and demonstration result are shown in subordinate list 1, subordinate list 2, subordinate list 3.Its result shows: intermediate pollution planting fiber crops gardens (Anhua Yan Xizhen, bimodal Zi Menqiaozhen and right overhead Ma Jiahe town) when annual production and time days numb output can reach respectively thousand g/acres of 75.1-78.4 and 88.8-91.7, all with the same period cleaning soil plant fiber crops (Land of Peach Blossoms Pan Tang town) quite in addition slightly high, and the content of beary metal in the raw ramie all is controlled in the scope of America and Europe about the content standard (20 mg/kg) of textile raw material cadmium, the agricultural safety of having realized the moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, and technology is easy, easy to implement the method.If the method is used for slight Heavy metal contaminated soil (the large South Lake of Yuanjiang town), its effect is better, has extremely wide application prospect in vast heavy metal pollution area.
No. 1 production overview of subordinate list 1. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base heavy metal pollution and middle ramie
The output of No. 1, ramie in subordinate list 2. pilot plant tests and the Demonstration Base
Content (the unit: mg/kg) of No. 1 raw ramie heavy metal cadmium of ramie in subordinate list 3. pilot plant tests and the Demonstration Base
| Sample | Anhua Yan Xi | Right overhead Ma Jiahe | The bimodal Chinese catalpa raft of pontoons | The large South Lake of Yuanjiang | Land of Peach Blossoms Pan Tang |
| Broken bar is numb then | 14.3±3.92 | 9.6±2.03 | 11.2±3.02 | 6.45±1.32 | 1.34±0.22 |
| Inferior days are numb | 13.6±3.24 | 8.4±1.86 | 10.0±2.86 | 6.33±1.28 | 1.42±0.24 |
Claims (1)
1. the method heavy metal intermediate pollution soil plantation ramie the steps include:
A. select the kind of anti-heavy metal pollution, and use tender tip cutting propagation technology and cultivate ramie strong sprout: select middle ramie No. 1, or No. 2, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 4, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or No. 7, river ramie, or Chuan Zhu8, or Ganzhu 4, set up maternal plant garden by the seed growing technology at the soil of heavy metal intermediate pollution, in mid-September to the last ten-days period its stem tip of clip or minute branch cuttage on the not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on 30 centimetres the husky bed, its cutting propagation density is than the minimizing 10-15% that is used for the numb garden of newly-built routine, and namely the tender tip number of every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is the 170-180 strain, cultivates strong sprout;
Described heavy metal comprises cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc 7 Heavy Metallic Elements;
Described intermediate pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in the soil, farming land allowable value according to national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the 6-17 that exceeds GB farming land allowable value in the cadmium content of Cd doubly, the 5-8 that exceeds GB farming land allowable value in arsenic, nickel, the copper content of As, Ni, Cu doubly, the 3-5 that exceeds GB farming land allowable value in lead, chromium, the zinc content of Pb, Cr, Zn is doubly;
Described cleaning soil, its content of beary metal, be controlled in the farming land allowable value of national Specification, in the cadmium content of Cd＜0.30 mg/kg, in the lead content of Pb＜250 mg/kg, in the arsenic content of As＜30 mg/kg, in the chromium content of Cr＜250 mg/kg, in the nickel content of Ni＜40 mg/kg, in the copper content of Cu＜50 mg/kg, in the zinc content of Zn＜200 mg/kg;
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil: choosing is fine in the soil of deep ploughing the 10-12 month then of growing seedlings, and tilling depth is 40-45 centimetre; Minute railway carriage or compartment ridging between March next year, the railway carriage or compartment is wide to be 1.5-4.0 rice, and ridge length is controlled in 25 meters, whenever surpasses 25 meters and increases a waist ditch, and every tap drain of 3-5 railway carriage or compartment excavation, excavation encloses ditch all around; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are 40-55 centimetre; Before the numb seedling of determining to plant, finish a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, the whole ground of trench digging in 4-6 days, and after finishing, use soil heavy metal passivant by following standard wholely: become thoroughly decomposed thousand g/acres of thousand g/acres of oil cake 150-200, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50-75, thousand g/acres of quicklime 40-50;
C. to transplant and rational close planting: use steps A in good time. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine the transplanting on the moderate Heavy metal contaminated soil in early April next year, waters sufficient normal root water; Its planting density, than the minimizing 4.5-7.5% in the numb garden of newly-built routine, the density of the every mu of numb seedling of planting is the 2220-2870 root and stem of certain plants;
D. science is topdressed with in good time broken bar: a. for the broken bar fiber crops of transplanting then, topdress 2-3 time, every mu of nitrogen pool in N of using is controlled at the 5.5-7.0 kilogram, is controlled at the 0.3-0.6 kilogram, is controlled at the 3.6-4.8 kilogram in the general potassium amount of K2O in the total phosphorus content of P2O5; B. for two, the three seasons fiber crops and two, three seasons fiber crops in the 6-7 backward of transplanting then, topdress in per season 2 times, after front season results 5-8 days with 12-15 days during in finish, control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of every mu of N of per season, P2O5 and K2O, the ratio of administered twice is 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5; C. no matter be broken bar fiber crops then, still then two, three seasons fiber crops and backward in the 6-7 two, three season the topdressing of fiber crops, all forbid the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on and the chemical acid phosphate fertilizer of superphosphate; D. the broken bar time in intermediate pollution fiber crops garden, than 4-6 days ahead of time of the numb garden of newly-built routine, transplant the broken bar fiber crops of results in rear 75-80 days;
Described two, three seasons are numb, refer to respectively the ramie of gathering in the crops during late July to early August, mid-October to early November;
E. prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the numb garden winter training management of reinforcement: the modal damage by disease and insect of a. ramie has pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants; B. every mu of usefulness 2 kilogram-mass mark are that 10% Rugby granular is mixed that 50 kilograms in soil spreads fertilizer over the fields control ramie root-rot nematodosis, to be 800 times of liquid of isoprocarb of 35% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions contain the mosaic disease of the phase of sending out spraying control ramie floral leaf cicada nymph, is that 2.5% decis is watered 45 kilograms and sprays in larva clustering or the Sheng phase of incubating and to prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and the yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants of ramie with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions; C. after the annual three fiber crops results, carrying out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate the horse race root that stretches to part in the ranks, the field winter training management work that railway carriage or compartment face earthing is fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the root and stem of certain plants, is the high yield of the fiber crops first season to guarantee to come days fiber crops.
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