CN104365435A

CN104365435A - Ecological grape cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN104365435A
Application number: CN201310358541.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨斌
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-08-15
Filing date: 2013-08-15
Publication date: 2015-02-25

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological grape cultivation method. The method includes plant shaping and trimming, soil and fertilizer management, and disease, pest and weed control. The plant shaping and trimming includes adopting a main vine fixing and stem shaping method; soil and fertilize management includes combining basal dressing and top dressing, applying organic fertilizer in autumn, performing deep tillage and basal dressing in autumn every year, applying 3000-4000kg of decaying organic fertilizer per mu, and fermenting 200-300kg of fowl manure per mu; the disease, pest and weed control includes taking comprehensive agricultural measures with spraying of low-toxicity and less-persistent pesticide, removing worm egg leafs in summer prior to burning up the leaves centralizedly, performing whole-garden ploughing in Mid-June and Mid-August, and covering weeds. By the method, grapes which are rich in nutrient, nuisanceless and pollution free can be produced, and an agricultural production system having good ecological, social and economic benefits is established. By taking a small watershed as a unit, comprehensive treatment and three-dimensional development are adopted by taking the grapes as development bodies, a well-constructed agricultural ecological system is established stepwise, and good ecological benefit is obtained.

Description

A kind of ecological cultivation method of grape

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of grape, especially a kind of nuisanceless ecological cultivation method of grape.

Background technology

Grape has higher economic worth and nutritive value, at present, carries out to grape the culture technique exploring many grapes in tame process, define some high-yield cultivating methods, as " viticulture technology " (Wang Ming, northern fruit tree, 1999(1), 33-35).In these methods existing, in order to emphasize that high yield all increases consumption and the kind of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer, cause the fruit Pesticide Residues of grape large, quality declines, and occurs the problems such as environmental pollution simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, solve the contradiction of yield and quality on the basis of existing technology, by kind and the quantity of control fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, coordinate other agronomic measures to reduce residue of pesticide, improve fruit quality and avoid environmental pollution, provide a kind of grape ecological high-yield cultivating method.

The present invention has mainly been come by the measure such as Soil and fertilizer management and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.In Soil and fertilizer management process, change the orchard way of too much and single use chemical fertilizer on Soil and fertilizer management in the past, set up the pollution and the structural damage that are conducive to the eucyclic soil of Agro-ecology.Improve the content of organic matter, promote Growth status, can lay the foundation for producing high quality fruit on the one hand, effectively can strengthen tree body resistance on the other hand, for the use reducing chemical pesticide creates conditions, in prevention and elimination of disease and pests, select efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, and limitation uses, then apply feasible biological method and comprehensive agronomic measures in limited time.

In addition, in order to improve utility rate of luminous energy, also want rational pruning branch, based on the flower and fruit management of throttling, strong tree, raising quality, these are all the effective means of pollution-free grape cultivation.

By the enforcement of the above-mentioned measure of the present invention, can produce and there is abundant nutrition, nuisanceless, free of contamination grape, also can set up the system agricultural industry of good ecology, Social and economic benef@compatibility simultaneously.Being unit with small watershed, is that main body of development takes the comprehensive regulation and three-dimensional development with grape, progressively builds up an agricultural eco-system rational in infrastructure, achieves preferably ecological benefits.Grape productive potential are huge, and nutrient quality is superior, of many uses.Pollution-free grape fruit is used for wine brewing, and can save food, annual per hectare produces 12 tons of grapes less, can go out 24 tons of wine, and with the 5000 yuan of calculating per ton of existing market price vin ordinaire, the hectare output value can reach 120,000 yuan; If brewage high-grade wine, release " green " brand, economic benefit will be more remarkable.If set up annual output 600 tons of wine processing factories, every gross annual output value can reach 3,000,000 yuan, and can expand scale, develops the multiple processing industry based on wine, as the wine vinegar, food coloring, extraction tartrate etc. of byproduct exploitation.Development pollution-free grape, both can make full use of the natural resources and can transfer surplus rural labor force, development prospect is wide.

Embodiment

The present invention comprises following content:

1, grapevine seedling pruning

To only entering high yield period from building garden, being the young age grade section of grapevine seedling, is also fast growth, the important stage of branches and tendrils sizing.According to the feature of grapevine seedling, adopt fixing main climing, imperial dry shaping methods, every strain grape stays 1-2 bar fixing main climing, high 1.2-1.5 rice.Short lateral bine and bearing basal shoot distribute on it.Bearing basal shoot carries out the short cane pruning of 2-3 bud.This Training system, can improve early stage yield per unit area.

2, Soil and fertilizer management

(1) base manure: Fertilizer In Autumn fertilizer.Annual autumn ploughs deeply basal dressing, and every mu applies the 3000-4000 kilogram of fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.Its method outwards digs dark and wide each 40-60 centimetre ditch year by year at former planting furrow, buries native 15-20 centimetre after fertilising.Plant and within rear two years 3 years, just can reach full garden and plough deeply slaking.For Northeast Area of China, generally after the September, carry out before soil freezing, more early better during this period.

(2) topdress: forbid use nitrate fertilizer, do not use as far as possible or few use for chemical combination state fertilizer.If desired can after an annual rudiment to young sprout prosperous long-term before and these two periods in young sprout prosperous long-term later stage to young sprout maturing stage for the second time, mu Shi Faxi ferment chicken manure 200-300 kilogram.Apply at distance plant 30-50 centimeters trench digging.Along with strain age and output increase fertilizing amount increase, but amplification is generally no more than 50%, to the full bearing period not in increase, avoid causing quality to decline because topdressing excessive, if there is the not enough symptom of nitrogenous fertilizer, can urea in young sprout vigorous director's phase at a foliage spray 0.1-0.2%, evenly do not trickle for degree to spray.

3, disease pest and weed control

(1) diseases and pests controlling: endangering the heaviest in grape disease is white viral disease, adopts comprehensive agronomic measures to coordinate the bordeaux mixture of spraying low toxicity and low residue to prevent and treat.Concrete measure is:

A) to Second Year rudiment, carry out garden clearly after fall foliage, vegetation fallen leaves are burnt or buried elimination cause of disease;

B) to put prevention first, annual premorbid and the first tenday period of a month in June spraying 180-200 times of equivalent or half equivalent bordeaux mixture, sprayed again once every two weeks.During spray medicine emphatically leaf back spray evenly, control efficiency is splendid.Strictly prohibit the use severe toxicity and persistent pesticide.Stupefied at premorbid in rainy season if desired, spray hundred bacterium 75% wetting powders, 600 times of liquid once or spray metalaxyl 50% wetting powder 75-100 gram/acre.Annual only spray once, must not use within first three ten days picking time.

C) cultivation management is strengthened: timely bondage branches and tendrils in cultivation, reasonable beta pruning, cuts near the unnecessary leaf blade in ground, branches and tendrils as far as possible, improve ventilation condition, enrich the fertilizer that phosphorus potassium content is high simultaneously, to strengthen the resistance of plant.

D) be the type that seed selection premunition is strong or kind.

(2) pest control: pest control adopts comprehensive agronomic measures to coordinate medical treatment, comprises following several aspect:

A) prevention and control of weeds can carry out in conjunction with the white viral disease of control simultaneously, extracts worm's ovum sick leaf autumn and concentrates and burn;

When b) spraying bordeaux mixture, can coordinate and spray 98% chlorophos, 500 times of liquid, annual only to use once, and must not use in ripe first three 15 days at berry, better to grape borer (Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus) control efficiency.

C) 0.5 degree of lime sulfur is sprayed the last ten-days period in June, control ball hard scale insect, leaf roll weevil etc.Strictly prohibit the use the insecticide of severe toxicity and high residue.

D) the seemingly-dead of scarabs or phototaxis is utilized to catch and kill.

E) protect the natural enemy of insect, put oophagous trichogrammae etc. in a suitable place to breed.

(3) prevention and control of weeds: mid-June and mid-August full garden plough, cover weeds, get final product management of weeds, again can using weeds as green manure.

The ecological cultivation method of grape of the present invention, also comprises:

1) building techniques.To plant disease-resistant variety " No. one, left mountain " grape, with disease-resistant variety " two red " grape as pollinizers, rational close planting, furrow width 1 meter of planting, seeding row spacing 1m × 2.5m; Fixing main climing 1, the pruning to 1.5 meter of imperial form.

2) Soil and fertilizer management.Every mu of heavy dressing decomposed manure 4000kg is as base manure; Second Year plays the first tenday period of a month in June and imposes fermentation poultry dung 200kg/ mu ten days in August at twice, and later average annual growth no longer increases for 40% to the four year.The urea of foliage-spray one time 0.1% the middle ten days and the last ten days in June is started from from the 3rd year.From the second year, last ten-days period every mu in annual September apply decomposed manure 3000kg/ mu, outwards dig the ditch of dark, wide each 50cm year by year, bury native 15cm after fertilising at former planting furrow, plant within latter 2 years, just to reach full garden mould layer depth and turn over slaking.

3) extermination of disease and insect pest.To Second Year rudiment, carry out garden clearly after fall foliage, vegetation fallen leaves are burnt or buried elimination pathogeny, worm's ovum.At annual premorbid and spraying in the first tenday period of a month in June 200 times of equivalent or half equivalent bordeaux mixture, sprayed again once every two weeks.During spray medicine emphatically leaf back spray evenly.During spray bordeaux mixture, can coordinate and spray 98% chlorophos, 500 times of liquid, annual only to use once, and must not use in ripe first three 15 days at berry, better to grape borer (Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus) control efficiency.The natural enemy of protection insect, puts oophagous trichogrammae in a suitable place to breed and carries out biological control.Strengthen the timely bondage branches and tendrils of cultivation management, reasonable beta pruning, cuts near the unnecessary leaf blade in ground, branches and tendrils as far as possible, improves ventilation condition, to strengthen the resistance of plant.

4) prevention and control of weeds: mid-June and mid-August full garden plough, cover weeds.

By the enforcement of above grape method for non-polluted cultivation, to the 3rd year (calendar year 2001), every mu of average malaga 825 kilograms, institute's malaga is nuisanceless, pollution-free.

Claims

1. an ecological cultivation method for grape, comprises grapevine seedling pruning, Soil and fertilizer management, control disease pest and weed, it is characterized in that: described grapevine seedling pruning adopts fixing main climing, imperial dry shaping methods; Soil and fertilizer management is that base manure combines with topdressing, Fertilizer In Autumn fertilizer, and annual autumn ploughs deeply basal dressing, and every mu applies the 3000-4000 kilogram of fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, and mu executes fermentation poultry dung 200-300 kilogram; Disease pest and weed control is the agricultural chemicals adopting comprehensive agronomic measures to coordinate spraying low toxicity and low residue, extracts worm's ovum sick leaf autumn and concentrates and burn, mid-June and mid-August full garden plough, cover weeds.

2. the ecological cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described every strain grape stays 1-2 bar fixing main climing, high 1.2-1.5 rice; Outwards dig dark and wide each 40-60 centimetre ditch year by year at former planting furrow during basal dressing, after fertilising, bury native 15-20 centimetre, apply at distance plant 30-50 centimeters trench digging when topdressing; Disease is to put prevention first, annual premorbid and the first tenday period of a month in June spraying 180-200 times of equivalent or half equivalent bordeaux mixture, sprayed again once every two weeks, during spray medicine emphatically leaf back spray evenly, the stupefied combination of pest control prevents and treats white viral disease and carries out simultaneously, during spray bordeaux mixture, can coordinate and spray 98% chlorophos, 500 times of liquid, annual only to use once, and must not use in ripe first three ten days at berry.

3. the ecological cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described short lateral bine and bearing basal shoot distribution main climing on, bearing basal shoot carries out the short cane pruning of 2-3 bud; Along with strain age and output increase fertilizing amount and increase, but amplification is generally no more than 50%; To Second Year rudiment, garden is clearly carried out after fall foliage, vegetation fallen leaves are burnt or buried elimination cause of disease, if desired can at premorbid in rainy season, spray tpn 75% wetting powder 600 times of liquid once or spray metalaxyl 50% wetting powder 75-100 gram/acre, annual only spray once, must not use apart from 30 days picking time, spray 0.5 degree of lime sulfur the last ten-days period in June, the hard scale insect of control ball, leaf roll weevil.

4. the ecological cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: describedly occur the not enough symptom of nitrogenous fertilizer, can urea in young sprout vigorous director's phase at a foliage spray 0.1-0.2%, does not evenly trickle for degree to spray; Timely bondage branches and tendrils in cultivation, reasonable beta pruning, although cut near the unnecessary leaf blade in ground, branches and tendrils, improves ventilation condition, enriches the fertilizer that phosphorus potassium content is high simultaneously, to strengthen the resistance of plant.

5. the ecological cultivation method of grape according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the type that described method seed selection premunition is strong or kind, utilize the seemingly-dead of scarabs or phototaxis to carry out catching and killing insect, or the natural enemy of protection insect, puts oophagous trichogrammae in a suitable place to breed.