CN102919042B - Method for planting ramie in soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal - Google Patents
Method for planting ramie in soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919042B CN102919042B CN201210475776.XA CN201210475776A CN102919042B CN 102919042 B CN102919042 B CN 102919042B CN 201210475776 A CN201210475776 A CN 201210475776A CN 102919042 B CN102919042 B CN 102919042B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting ramie in soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal. The method comprises the following steps: A, selecting a specific variety of ramie with high resistance against heavy metal contamination and cultivating strong ramie seedlings by using a young shoot cottage propagation technique; B, constructing a ramie garden and applying a passivator to reduce the activity of heavy metal in the soil; C, transplanting in right time and carrying out rational close planting; D, scientifically carrying out cross dressing and cracking stems in right time; and E, preventing and controlling insect disease prevention in time and strengthening winter cultivation management of the garden. Practical results show that the yields of the newly planted ramie garden in the current year and the next year are respectively 71.8-74.3kg/mu and 84.8-86.3kg/mu, which are basically the same as those of the newly planted ramie garden with clean soil at the same term; moreover, the content of heavy metal in the raw ramie garden can be controlled in a range specified in related standard, and the safe and efficient agricultural utilization of soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal is implemented. The method is simple and convenient in technique and easy to implement and can be popularized to and applied by mass farmers and departments of agricultural technology in areas with serious heavy metal contamination.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural environment child care and recovery technique field, more specifically relate to a kind of method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil, be suitable for applying of the serious regional peasant of vast heavy metal pollution and agrotechnical department etc.
Background technology
Along with the continuous propelling of industrialization and urbanization, China's heavy metal pollution of soil problem is more and more subject to people's great attention.According to related data, phase at the beginning of the eighties in last century, China was subject to only 2,670,000 hectares of the cultivated areas of the heavy metal pollutions such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, in the time of 1988, be just increased to 6,670,000 hectares, to last century end 10 million hectare, broken through 2,000 ten thousand hectares at present, accounted for 20% of whole cultivated areas.More seriously, the heavy metal pollution of China's basic farmland is also quite serious.According to the national environmental protection portion sampling monitoring result to 300,000 hectares of Basic Farmland Conservation Zones soil harmful heavy metals in recent years, found that the heavy metal content in soil of 3.6 ten thousand hectares exceeds standard, exceeding standard rate is up to 12.1%.How to repair the contaminated by heavy metals farmland of utilization, caused the great attention of governments at all levels.
Generally speaking, China is not talk about " replanting " and " transformation of the way " rashly for slight heavy metal pollution farmland and part moderate heavy metal pollution farmland, always by various technological approaches, keep original cropping pattern by every means, to produce abundant edible agricultural product, to ensure the grain security of China and the quality safety of food agricultural produce, only have and really can not produce the part heavy metal pollution farmland (being serious pollution farmland and small part intermediate pollution farmland) that meets state food safety standard, just by phytoremediation technology, it is improved to utilization, but do not talk about the character of abandoning its farming land rashly yet, to guarantee that country's " red lines in 1,800,000,000 mu of arable lands " lowest limit is not broken.
At present, conventionally the phytoremediation technology adopting both at home and abroad mainly contains two classes: a class is to adopt super enriching plant to repair contaminated by heavy metals soil, as penny cress (Thlaspi caerulescens) etc., but the large multi-biomass of super enriching plant is low, a little less than diseases and insect pests resistance, and repair and will change the character of its farming land for farmland; Another kind of is that the plant that adopts biomass to possess greatly and not super enriching heavy metal element is repaired and utilizes contaminated soil, as crudefiber crop, flue-cured tobacco, mulberry tree, corn etc.
Ramie (Boehmeria.L) originates in Southwestern China area, is perennial root herbaceous plant, is also most important textile fabric crop, and its strong adaptability all can be planted on the various soil in Pinghu, hills and mountain area.Although there is the bibliographical information of a large amount of ramie high quality and yield cultivation techniques aspect both at home and abroad, and China relevant department has has also issued and implemented relevant ramie high quality and yield cultivation techniques rules (as < < Hunan Province provincial standard ramie cultivation technique standard (DB/T384-2008) the > > of Hunan Province Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision in issue enforcement), but its technology has still suffered from many technical bottlenecks and obstacle applying of the serious area of heavy metal pollution:
The one, many ramee varieties do not possess the ability of resisting severe heavy metal pollution, usually in the serious area of heavy metal pollution, can not complete normal growth cycle and even can not survive.Therefore, the serious regional development ramie of heavy metal pollution, produce, must select the certain species with strong resistance to heavy metal pollution ability.
The 2nd, ramie is the plant of fibrous root, even if some certain species possesses the ability of resisting severe heavy metal pollution, but the early growth period in the serious area of heavy metal pollution, root system development is still subject to serious threat, even by heavy metal " corrosion " and dead (the newborn root system of Seedling Stage is particularly serious), generative propagation (being seed growing) technology be unsuitable for the large scale application in the serious area of heavy metal pollution (after emerging newborn root system mortality cause numb garden be short of seedling/to lack the root and stem of certain plants a lot of), and the workload of cutting root sowing is too large, cost of transportation is too high and plant (coming) source resource-constrained.Therefore, the serious regional development ramie of heavy metal pollution, produce, can only select tender tip cuttage technique to breed numb seedling, and to guarantee seedling, there is the environment that enough old root system adapts to severe heavy metal pollution through the formation radish shape root of surviving the winter.
The 3rd, possess the ramie certain species of resisting severe heavy metal pollution ability, it is to lerance threshold that the tolerance of different vertical distributions is all had to an obvious separation.If ramie is 11.7 mg/kg (applicant's the result that studies for a long period of time to the to lerance threshold of cadmium (take Cd), to publish on the 4th phase of publishing in August, 2012 at the numb industry science > > of < < China), cadmium content in soil is worth lower than this, the Raw fiber yield of ramie and conventional numb garden (not being subject to heavy metal pollution Ma district) there is no a notable difference (p > 0.05), and the cadmium of lower content (0.5 ~ 2.5 mg/kg) is grown and is had significant spread effect (p < 0.01) Ramie Growth, can promote the root and stem of certain plants and the plant division of ramie, higher than this value, there will be send out that the root and stem of certain plants is slow, the plant division phenomenon of the dead root and stem of certain plants etc. even less, have a strong impact on the basic index (as every mu of effective strain number) that ramie high yield forms.Therefore, the serious regional development ramie of heavy metal pollution, produce, need to determine a rational planting density and a suitable broken bar time (being the time that planting fiber crops garden gathers in the crops ramie first).
The 4th, the pH value of soil is directly connected to the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil, affects the quality of agricultural product.Long-term physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on of using in a large number such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, to directly cause the pH value of soil to reduce, the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil is strengthened, increase crop to the absorption of heavy metal element and accumulation, this is that applicant studies and the result of putting into practice for many years.Ramie is the perennial crop that a kind of fertilizer requirement is larger, need to use every year a large amount of chemical fertilizer and just can guarantee its stable high yield.Therefore, the serious regional development ramie of heavy metal pollution, produce, there is a rational application of fertilizer problem that especially science is topdressed, what because topdress, use is all chemical fertilizer, if it is improper to use, not only can induced environment risk (widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area), and can acidified soil, the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil increased.
Many technical problems and the bottleneck for the serious regional development ramie of above-mentioned obstruction heavy metal pollution, produced, according to applicant's years of researches result and practical experience, proposed this invention content and implemented technical scheme.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil.Utilize the method the serious area plantation of heavy metal pollution ramie, ramie output and time days, numb output can reach respectively 71.8 ~ 74.3 and 84.8 ~ 86.3 thousand grams/acre then, all (but difference is between the two not remarkable with same period cleaning soil planting fiber crops garden basically identical, p > 0.05), and the content of beary metal in raw ramie can be controlled in the scope of relevant criterion limit value, the agricultural safety of having realized severe heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, be suitable for applying of the serious regional peasant of vast heavy metal pollution and agrotechnical department etc.But the method is not suitable for the soil of moderate and the following heavy metal pollution of moderate.
In order to realize above-mentioned Destination and task, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
A method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil, the steps include:
A. select the certain species of strong resistance to heavy metal pollution, and apply tender tip cutting propagation technology (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 13 ramie, Higher Education Publishing House, publishes for 2008) cultivate ramie strong sprout.In selection, No. 1, ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or the ramee variety of the specific strong resistance to heavy metal pollution such as Chuan Zhu8, by sexual reproduction technique, be that seed growing technology is (referring to the chief editors' such as Hu Liyong < < crop cultivation > > chapter 13 ramie, Higher Education Publishing House, within 2008, publish) on the soil of heavy metal serious pollution, set up maternal plant garden, in mid-September its stem tip of clip or minute branch cuttage on not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on the husky bed of 30 centimetres, its cutting propagation density must be than the minimizing 15 ~ 20% for the numb garden of newly-built routine, the tender tip number that is every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is 160 ~ 170 strains, in order to cultivating strong sprout.
Described heavy metal, refers to 7 kinds of elements that comprise cadmium (Cd), plumbous (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn).
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the farming land allowable value of national < < standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) > > regulation, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: the content of cadmium (in Cd) exceeds 17 ~ 35 times of GB farming land allowable value, arsenic, 3 kinds of constituent contents of nickel and copper are (respectively with As, Ni, Cu meter) exceed 8 ~ 15 times of GB farming land allowable value, plumbous, 3 kinds of constituent contents of chromium and zinc are (respectively with Pb, Cr, Zn meter) exceed 5 ~ 10 times of GB farming land allowable value.
Described cleaning soil, its content of beary metal is all strict controlled in the farming land allowable value of national < < standard of soil environment quality (GB15618-1995) > > regulation, that is: in soil cadmium < 0.30 mg/kg (in Cd), plumbous < 250 mg/kg (in Pb), arsenic < 30 mg/kg (in As), chromium < 250 mg/kg (in Cr), nickel < 40 mg/kg (in Ni), copper < 50 mg/kg (in Cu), zinc < 200 mg/kg (in Zn).
The described numb garden of newly-built routine, refers to newly-built, the then Sheng Ma garden of planting on cleaning soil.
In described strong sprout, refer to 2 years numb seedlings of life after surviving the winter, and its distinguishing feature is that root length has the old root of obvious radish shape.
Described ramee variety genetic resources source explanation:
No. 1, middle ramie: the high yield New Ramie Variety that former code name 8306 crudefiber crop research institutes of ，Shi the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences select from the filial generation of " roundleaf is blue or green " * " giantreed is blue or green ", by national variety certification committee member, make a joint checkup (recognizing) in February, 2004 and determine and formally name.
No. 3, Hunan ramie: ramie research institute of original name C-20 ，Shi Agricultural University Of Hunan forms from the seed selection through the offspring of free pollination of the Guangxi casting skin root and stem of certain plants, also formally names by Hunan Province Crop breed audit committee member joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed for 1989.
No. 3, China's ramie: former code name 5223-5 ，Shi Hua Zhong Agriculture University's crudefiber crop research department makes with Xinyu fiber crops the ramie new lines that the hybridization of maternal and rare joint bar forms, also formally name in April, 1999 by the Crop breed audit committee member of Hubei Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed.
No. 5, China's ramie: former code name 7323-1, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's crudefiber crop research department and Science and Technology Development Center, Yangxin County with the offspring of " (five-leaved chaste tree skin * rare joint bar) " * " (ten thousand years chicken bone white * the large root and stem of certain plants fiber crops in Libo) ", the ramee variety forming through Artificial Control apomixia seed selection, also formally names by the Crop breed audit committee member of Hubei Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed for 2004.
No. 5, river ramie: the individual plant (root and stem of certain plants) that to be Rongchang County, Sichuan Province bureau of agriculture select from two generations of the little numb selfing of red skin, through cultivating and form for many years, within 1996, by the Crop breed audit committee member of Sichuan Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed, also formally name.
Chuan Zhu8: be that to take the male sterile line C26 of self-fertile be parent in Dazhou City, Sichuan institute of agricultural sciences, adopt two line method, with the good quality and super high yield hybridization New Ramie Variety that the special restorer T6 hybridization of ramie forms, within 2002, by the Crop breed audit committee member of Sichuan Province joint hearing (recognizing) is fixed, also formally name.
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil.Select fine day in the soil of deep ploughing for 10 ~ December then of growing seedlings, its degree of depth is advisable with 40 ~ 45 centimetres; In next year late March to during mid-April minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, railway carriage or compartment is wide is generally 1.5 ~ 4.0 meters, concrete specification Shi Ma child-care center in physical features, select kind and harvesting approach and determine; The long general control in ridge, in 25 meters, must be increased a waist ditch while often surpassing 25 meters; Every a tap drain of 3 ~ 5 railway carriage or compartment excavations, surrounding excavation encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditching depth that encloses ditch are generally 40 ~ 55 centimetres, depending on numb field gesture and harvesting approach; Construction task between the numb vegetable garden of complete a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging in 4 ~ 6 days before determining the numb seedling of planting, ditching wholely etc., and by following standard, use the soil heavy metal passivant that comprises the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quick lime immediately after whole end: oil cake 200 ~ 250,000 gram/acre of becoming thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate 75 ~ double centner/mu, quick lime 50 ~ 75,000 gram/acre, with the activity of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantee the survival rate after numb transplantation of seedlings.The concrete consumption of passivator, depending on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil.Total principle is: heavy metal content in soil is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; Heavy metal content in soil is high, fertility level is low, and passivator is executed more.
Described harvesting approach, refers to two kinds of numb modes of receipts of the numb and mechanical stripping fiber crops of artificial stripping.
Described soil heavy metal passivant, refers to the oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate and three kinds of materials of quick lime.
The described oil cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed, by cake-shaped rape seed dregs or tea is withered or the withered mixture of cake-shaped rape seed dregs/tea forms through the spontaneous fermentation of 20 days, has the dual-use function of fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently in the present invention.
Described calcium magnesium phosphate, is commercially available commodity chemical fertilizer, has in the present invention the dual-use function of phosphate fertilizer and soil passivator concurrently.
Described quick lime, be by calcium carbonate through acidolysis, a kind of strong alkaline substance of adding reaction of sodium bicarbonate and calcination process to produce, its composition is calcium oxide, chemical formula is CaO, mainly as the heavy metal deactivator of soil, the while is also for numb seedling provides part calcareous (Ca in the present invention
2+) nutrition.
C. transplant and rational close planting in good time.Use steps A. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine day the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May and is transplanted, and waters immediately sufficient normal root water; The planting density in serious pollution fiber crops garden, must be than the increase by 5 ~ 10% in the numb garden of newly-built routine, and the density of the every mu of numb seedling of planting is 2520 ~ 3300 root and stem of certain plants, to guarantee effective strain number of planting fiber crops garden high yield.
D. science is topdressed and in good time broken bar.A. for the broken bar fiber crops of transplanting then, topdress 3 ~ 4 times, every mu of nitrogen pool of using is controlled at 5.5 ~ 7.0 kilograms of (in N), total phosphorus contents and is controlled at 0.3 ~ 0.6 kilogram (with P
2o
5meter), general potassium amount is controlled at 3.6 ~ 4.8 kilograms (with K
2o meter); B. for the fiber crops and two fiber crops, three fiber crops in 6 ~ 7 years backward second season of transplanting then, topdress in per season 2 times, all need be after front season results 5 ~ 8 days with 12 ~ 15 days during in complete, every mu of N of per season, P
2o
5and K
2control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of O, the ratio of administered twice is 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5, depending on the growing way of ramie; C. no matter be broken bar fiber crops then, still second season then fiber crops and the topdressing of two fiber crops, three fiber crops in 6 ~ 7 years backward, all forbidding is as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid aggravation soil acidification increases heavy metal-polluted soil active; D. the broken bar time in the numb garden of serious pollution, must after transplanting, within 115 ~ 125 days, start to gather in the crops brokenly bar fiber crops than the postponement in the numb garden of newly-built routine 30 ~ 45 days, to guarantee that planting fiber crops seedlings (this seedling) have abundant a root and stem of certain plants, plant division time.
Described broken bar, refers to the results first in planting fiber crops garden.
Described broken bar fiber crops, refer to that the first season of planting fiber crops garden results is numb.
Two described fiber crops, three fiber crops, refer to respectively the ramie of gathering in the crops during late July to early August, mid-October to early November.
In described strong sprout, refer to 2 years numb seedlings of life after surviving the winter, and its distinguishing feature is that root length has the old root of obvious radish shape.
E. prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time and the numb garden winter training management of strengthening.A. the modal disease and pest of ramie is mainly pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants, on the soil of heavy metal serious pollution, plant ramie, adopt Agro-chemicals control disease and pest be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).B. the Rugby granular that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% mix 50 kilograms, soil spread fertilizer over the fields the 800 times of liquid of isoprocarb that can prevent and treat ramie root-rot nematodiasis, be 35% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions floral leaf cicada nymph contain the phase spraying of sending out can prevent and treat ramie mosaic disease, with the decis of 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5%, be watered 45 kilograms and spray and can prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and the yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants of ramie in larva clustering or the Sheng phase of incubating, c. it is numb gather in the crops every year last season, must carry out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate and stretch to the horse race root of part in the ranks, railway carriage or compartment face earthing is fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the field winter training management work of root and stem of certain plants etc., to guarantee that days, fiber crops were the high yield of the fiber crops first season, its technical essential can be undertaken by the related request of < < ramie cultivation technique standard (DB/T384-2008) > >, but must guard against and use as ammonium chloride in the process of fostering and apply fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium nitrate and so on and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on.
Described gram line pellet, is commercially available commercially available agricultural chemical, is a kind of tagging property nematicide and pesticide, without fumigation action, and high toxicity, its preparation is 10% Rugby granular (Rugby, 10%G).
Described isoprocarb, claims again to put out prestige, is commercially available commercially available agricultural chemical, is a kind of pesticide that has tagging property and interior absorption concurrently.
Described decis, has another name called " decis ", is commercially available commercially available agricultural chemical, is the highest a kind of of virulence in current chrysanthemum ester insecticide.
Described head fiber crops, refer to the ramie of gathering in the crops during late May to early June.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
No. 1, the middle ramie that A. the present invention determines, No. 3, Hunan ramie, No. 3, China's ramie, No. 5, China's ramie, No. 5, river ramie, 6 ramie certain species such as Chuan Zhu8, even if exceed 35 times of GB farming land allowable value at the content of Cadmium in Soil, or arsenic, nickel, copper content all exceeds 15 times of GB farming land allowable value, or plumbous, chromium, zinc content all exceeds under the soil environment condition that 10 times of GB farming land allowable value etc. are exceedingly odious, all can complete normal growth cycle, and (the planting fiber crops garden of applicant's microcell simulated test yield result is then 45 ~ 75 grams/m to have higher Raw fiber yield, amount to 30 ~ 50 kilograms of per mu yields), the ability that shows above-mentioned certain species tolerance heavy metal pollution is strong, that the serious regional development ramie of heavy metal pollution produces, realize contaminated soil agricultural safety and the efficient first-selected kind of utilizing.
B. the definite ramie certain species of the present invention, by sexual reproduction technique, on severe heavy-metal contaminated soil, set up maternal plant garden, cut its tender tip and on cleaning soil or husky bed, breed the seedling breeding technology of a series of standards such as strong sprout, there is no at present bibliographical information in this respect both at home and abroad, not only can be the serious regional large scale application ramie reparation of vast heavy metal pollution and utilize its serious pollution soil that abundant seedling (source) is provided, and production cost lower (cut root sowing and reduce by 20 ~ 30%).
C. the present invention has taken into full account the characteristic of some heavy metal element (especially cadmium) inhibition Ramie Growth growth of higher concentration, rationally increase Liao Ma garden planting density and appropriateness and postponed the broken bar time of ramie, guaranteed that effective strain that produce in planting fiber crops garden rich (height) counts the basic index that Isoquant forms, make ramie output then of serious pollution fiber crops garden and time days fiber crops output, basically identical with the numb garden of newly-built routine, the agricultural safety of having realized severe heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient.
D. the present invention has given full play to become thoroughly decomposed oil cake and calcium magnesium phosphate can effectively provide ramie required nutrient, the effective dual-use function of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil activity again, for guaranteeing that the survival rate in heavy metal pollution fiber crops garden, the basic high-yield targets such as effective strain of possessing ramie high yield lay a good foundation.Although input is become thoroughly decomposed, oil cake is used farmyard manure or farm manure has increased the fertilizer cost of 100 ~ 125 yuan/mu newly, has saved the labor of 1 ~ 2/mu, and its overall economic efficiency is still considerable.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
A method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil, the steps include:
A. select the certain species of strong resistance to heavy metal pollution, and apply tender tip cutting propagation technology and cultivate ramie strong sprout.
In selection, No. 1, ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or the ramie certain species of the strong resistance to heavy metal pollution such as Chuan Zhu8, by sexual reproduction technique, be that seed growing technology is set up maternal plant garden on the soil of heavy metal serious pollution, in mid-September its stem tip of clip or minute branch cuttage on not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on the husky bed of 30 centimetres.
The seedbed cutting propagation density of seedling breeding, must be than the minimizing 15% for the numb garden of newly-built routine or 17.5% or 20%, and the tender tip number of every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is 160 or 165 or 170 strains, to cultivate strong sprout.
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil.
Select fine day in growing seedlings then 10 or 11 or the soil of deep ploughing December, its ploughed depth is advisable with 40 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 centimetres, in next year late March or minute railway carriage or compartment ridging during mid-April.
Fiber crops garden divides the railway carriage or compartment of railway carriage or compartment ridging wide, is generally 1.5 or 1.8 or 2.1 or 2.4 or 2.8 or 3.2 or 3.6 or 4.0 meters, its concrete specification Shi Ma child-care center in physical features, select kind and harvesting approach and determine.According to applicant's practical experience for many years: be advisable (1.5 ~ 2.4 meters) in Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, hillside Ma garden, flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8 ~ 4.0 meters); Send out the certain species (as No. 3, magnificent ramie, No. 5, river ramie) Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, Ma garden (1.5 ~ 2.4 meters) that the root and stem of certain plants is slow, plant division ability is weak and be advisable, send out the root and stem of certain plants is fast, plant division ability is strong certain species (as No. 1, middle ramie, No. 3, Hunan ramie) with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8 ~ 4.0 meters); Be advisable (1.5 ~ 2.4 meters) in Yi Zhai railway carriage or compartment, artificial Bao Mama garden, machinery stripping fiber crops with wide railway carriage or compartment be advisable (2.8 ~ 4.0 meters).
Fiber crops garden divides the ridge of railway carriage or compartment ridging long, and general control, in 25 meters, must be increased a waist ditch while often surpassing 25 meters.
In fiber crops garden, every tap drain of 3 or 4 or 5 railway carriage or compartment excavations, surrounding excavation, enclose ditch.
In fiber crops garden, tap drain is 40 or 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres with the ditching depth that encloses ditch, concrete specification is depending on numb field gesture and harvesting approach, total principle: hillside Ma garden with shallow ridges (40 ~ 50 centimetres) be advisable, flat nonirrigated farmland and paddy field be advisable with zanjon (45 ~ 55 centimetres), artificial results Ma garden with shallow ridges (40 ~ 50 centimetres) be advisable, being advisable with zanjon (40 ~ 50 centimetres) of mechanical harvest, but must guarantee that the irrigation and drainage of railway carriage or compartment ditch (ditch depth is 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres), waist ditch (ditch depth is 45 or 50 or 55 centimetres) etc. in Yu Ma garden are unimpeded.
Construction task between the numb vegetable garden of must complete a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging in 4 or 5 or 6 days before determining the numb seedling of planting, ditching wholely etc., and use soil heavy metal passivant by following standard immediately after whole end: become thoroughly decomposed oil cake 200 or 210 or 220 or 230 or 240 or 250,000 grams/acre, calcium magnesium phosphate 75 or 80 or 85 or 90 or 95 or double centner/mu, quick lime 50 or 55 or 60 or 65 or 70 or 75,000 grams/acre.Using the object of passivator, is mainly the activity that reduces heavy metal-polluted soil, guarantees the survival rate after numb transplantation of seedlings, and be also provides necessary nutrient (use passivator and replace Liao Ma garden base manure) for numb seedling growth simultaneously.The concrete consumption of passivator, depending on content of beary metal and its fertility level of soil.Total principle is: heavy metal content in soil is low, fertility level is high, passivator Shaoshi; Heavy metal content in soil is high, fertility level is low, and passivator is executed more.
C. transplant and rational close planting in good time.
Use steps A. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine day transplanting in late April next year or the first tenday period of a month in May, and waters immediately sufficient normal root water.
The planting density in fiber crops garden, land for growing field crops, must, according to selecting sending out the fundamental characteristics such as root and stem of certain plants speed, plant division ability power and considering the inhibitory action that some heavy metal element (especially cadmium) is grown Ramie Growth at higher concentration of kind, than the density in the numb garden of newly-built routine, to increase by 5% or 6% or 7% or 8% or 9% or 10%.Generally speaking, heavy metal content in soil is high, and its density of planting is large.According to applicant's practical experience for many years: for sending out the ramie certain species (as No. 1, middle ramie, No. 3, Hunan ramie) that the root and stem of certain plants is fast, plant division ability is strong, the Suitable Density of every mu of field planting fiber crops seedling is 2520 or 2545 or 2570 or 2590 or 2620 or 2640 root and stem of certain plants; For sending out, the root and stem of certain plants is slow, the ramie certain species (as No. 3, magnificent ramie, No. 5, river ramie) a little less than plant division ability, and the Suitable Density of every mu of field planting fiber crops seedling is 3150 or 3180 or 3210 or 3240 or 3270 or 3300 root and stem of certain plants.
D. science is topdressed and in good time broken bar.
Broken bar fiber crops for transplanting then, are grown to object to urge equilibrium, need topdress 3 or 4 times, and every mu of nitrogen pool of using (in N) is controlled at 5.5 or 6.0 or 6.5 or 7.0 kilograms, total phosphorus content (with P
2o
5meter) be controlled at 0.3 or 0.4 or 0.5 or 0.6 kilogram, general potassium amount (with K
2o meter) be controlled at 3.6 or 4.2 or 4.8 kilograms.Concrete application times and fertilizer amount are depending on ramie colony growing way, and total principle is: Ma Yuan colony growing way is good, and fertilizer application frequency is few.
For the fiber crops and two fiber crops, three fiber crops in the 6 or 7 years backward second season of transplanting then, topdress in per season 2 times, all need be after front season results 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 days, and in two periods of 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 days, complete every mu of N of per season, P
2o
5and K
2control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of O, the ratio of administered twice is that colony's growing way in 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5 ，Shi Ma garden is determined.
No matter be broken bar fiber crops then, still second season then fiber crops and the topdressing of two fiber crops, three fiber crops in 6 or 7 years backward, all forbidding is as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on, in order to avoid aggravation soil acidification, the activity of increase heavy metal.
For effective strain number of guaranteeing that Ma Yuanfeng (height) produces, the broken bar time in the serious regional planting fiber crops of heavy metal pollution garden must be than the postponement 30 in the numb garden of newly-built routine or 35 or 40 or 45 days, so that this seedling that makes to transplant has enough the send out root and stem of certain plants, plant division time, according to applicant's practical experience for many years: the broken bar time in the serious regional planting fiber crops of heavy metal pollution garden can be after transplanting carries out 115 or 116 or 117 or 118 or 119 or 120 or 121 or 122 or 123 or 124 or 125 days time.
E. prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time and the numb garden winter training management of strengthening.
The modal disease and pest of ramie is mainly pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants.
On the soil of heavy metal serious pollution, plant ramie, adopt Agro-chemicals control disease and pest be a kind of the most directly, the effective ways of economic (material benefit).
The Rugby granular that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% is mixed 50 kilograms, soil and is spread fertilizer over the fields, and can prevent and treat ramie root-rot nematodiasis.
800 times of liquid of isoprocarb that every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions are 35% are contained the phase of sending out spraying, the mosaic disease that can prevent and treat ramie floral leaf cicada nymph.
The decis of every mu of use 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5% is watered 45 kilograms and incubates phase spraying in larva clustering or Sheng, can prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants for ramie.
Annual gather in the crops last fiber crops in season, must carry out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate the field winter training management work of stretching to that horse race root, the railway carriage or compartment face earthing of part are fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the root and stem of certain plants in the ranks etc., to guarantee that next days, fiber crops were the high yield of the fiber crops first season.
The technical essential of fiber crops garden winter training management, can be undertaken by the related request of < < ramie cultivation technique standard (DB/T384-2008) > >, but must guard against in the process of fostering and apply fertilizer, use as the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on and phosphate fertilizer as acid in the chemistry of calcium superphosphate and so on.
The pilot plant test of " a kind of method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil " and demonstration result are as shown in subordinate list 1, subordinate list 2, subordinate list 3.Result shows: (sand flat village, Jiahe, severe contamination area, the former green land in Xiang He chemical industry plant area, Liuyang and 715 mining areas, Anhua, ) planting fiber crops garden when annual production and time days fiber crops output can reach respectively 71.8 ~ 74.3 and 84.8 ~ 86.3 thousand grams/acre, basically identical with the cleaning soil same period (Pan Tang town, the Land of Peach Blossoms) planting fiber crops garden, while the content of beary metal in raw ramie is all controlled in the scope of the American-European content standard (20 mg/kg) about textile raw material cadmium, the agricultural safety of having realized severe heavy-metal contaminated soil utilizes with efficient, technology is easy, easy to implement the method, be suitable for applying of the serious regional peasant of vast heavy metal pollution and agrotechnical department etc.What deserves to be explained is, the ramee variety of Pan Tang town, Land of Peach Blossoms plantation be sand flat village, No. 1 ，Er Jiahe of middle ramie, the former green land in Xiang He chemical industry plant area, Liuyang and Anhua 715 mining areas plantations be No. 3 ramee varieties of Hunan ramie.
Subordinate list 1. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base heavy metal pollution and ramie production overview
The output overview of subordinate list 2. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base
Heavy metal cadmium content (the unit: mg/kg) of subordinate list 3. pilot plant tests and Demonstration Base raw ramie
| Sample | Sand flat village, Jiahe | The former greenery patches of Xiang He factory | 715 mining areas, Anhua | Pan Tang town, the Land of Peach Blossoms |
| Broken bar is numb then | 17.1±3.34 | 16.6±3.06 | 15.4±2.22 | 1.34±0.22 |
| Inferior days are numb | 15.9±2.33 | 15.0±2.84 | 14.1±1.95 | 1.42±0.24 |
Claims (1)
1. a method of planting ramie on heavy metal serious pollution soil, the steps include:
A. select the kind of strong resistance to heavy metal pollution, apply tender tip cutting propagation technology and cultivate ramie strong sprout: in selection, No. 1, ramie, or No. 3, Hunan ramie, or No. 3, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, magnificent ramie, or No. 5, river ramie, or Chuan Zhu8, by seed growing technology, on the soil of heavy metal serious pollution, set up maternal plant garden, in mid-September its stem tip of clip or minute branch cuttage on not contaminated by heavy metals cleaning soil or thickness reach on the husky bed of 30 centimetres, its cutting propagation density is than the minimizing 15 ~ 20% for the numb garden of newly-built routine, the tender tip number of every square metre of cleaning soil or the upper cuttage of husky bed is 160 ~ 170 strains, cultivate strong sprout,
Described heavy metal, comprises cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc 7 Heavy Metallic Elements;
Described serious pollution, refer to the content of beary metal in soil, according to the farming land allowable value of national Specification, have at least a kind of content of element to reach following judgment criteria: in the cadmium content of Cd, to exceed 17 ~ 35 times of GB farming land allowable value, in arsenic, nickel and the copper content of As, Ni, Cu, exceed 8 ~ 15 times of GB farming land allowable value, in lead, chromium and the zinc content of Pb, Cr, Zn, exceed 5 ~ 10 times of GB farming land allowable value;
Described cleaning soil, its content of beary metal, be controlled in the farming land allowable value of national Specification, cadmium content < 0.30 mg/kg in Cd, lead content < 250 mg/kg in Pb, arsenic content < 30 mg/kg in As, chromium content < 250 mg/kg in Cr, nickel content < 40 mg/kg in Ni, copper content < 50 mg/kg in Cu, zinc content < 200 mg/kg in Zn,
B. carry out the construction of numb garden, and use the activity that passivator reduces heavy metal-polluted soil: select fine day in the soil of deep ploughing for 10 ~ December then of growing seedlings, tilling depth is 40 ~ 45 centimetres; In next year late March to mid-April, divide railway carriage or compartment ridging, railway carriage or compartment is wide is 1.5 ~ 4.0 meters, ridge length is controlled in 25 meters, often surpasses 25 meters and increases a waist ditch, every a tap drain of 3 ~ 5 railway carriage or compartments excavations, surrounding excavation encloses ditch; Railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, tap drain and the ditch depth that encloses ditch are 40 ~ 55 centimetres; Before determining the numb seedling of planting, in 4 ~ 6 days, complete a minute railway carriage or compartment ridging, ditch wholely, and by following standard, use soil heavy metal passivant after whole end: oil cake 200 ~ 250,000 gram/acre of becoming thoroughly decomposed, calcium magnesium phosphate 75 ~ double centner/mu, quick lime 50 ~ 75,000 gram/acre;
C. to transplant and rational close planting: use steps A in good time. the numb seedling of cultivating is selected fine day the first tenday period of a month in late April next year to May and is transplanted on the soil of severe heavy metal pollution, waters sufficient normal root water; Its planting density, than the increase by 5 ~ 10% in the numb garden of newly-built routine, the density of the every mu of numb seedling of planting is 2520 ~ 3300 root and stem of certain plants;
D. science topdress and in good time broken bar: a. for the broken bar fiber crops of transplanting then, topdress 3 ~ 4 times, every mu of nitrogen pool in N of using is controlled at 5.5 ~ 7.0 kilograms, with P
2o
5meter total phosphorus content be controlled at 0.3 ~ 0.6 kilogram, with K
2the general potassium amount of O meter is controlled at 3.6 ~ 4.8 kilograms; B. for the fiber crops and two fiber crops, three fiber crops in 6 ~ 7 years backward second season of transplanting then, topdress in per season 2 times, after front season results 5 ~ 8 days with 12 ~ 15 days during in complete, every mu of N of per season, P
2o
5and K
2control the size consistent with broken bar fiber crops of the using of O, the ratio of administered twice is 0.6:0.4 or 0.5:0.5; C. be no matter broken bar fiber crops then, still fiber crops and the topdressing of two fiber crops, three fiber crops in 6 ~ 7 years backward second season then, all forbid the acid phosphate fertilizer of chemistry of the physiological phenomenon nitrogenous fertilizer of ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and so on and calcium superphosphate and so on; D. the broken bar time in serious pollution fiber crops garden, than the postponement in the numb garden of newly-built routine 30 ~ 45 days, after transplanting, within 115 ~ 125 days, start to gather in the crops brokenly bar fiber crops;
Two described fiber crops, three fiber crops, refer to respectively the ramie of gathering in the crops during late July to early August, mid-October to early November;
E. prevention and elimination of disease and pests and the numb garden winter training management of strengthening: the modal disease and pest of a. ramie has pratylenchus disease, mosaic disease, noctuid, red admiral and a yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants; B. the Rugby granular that every mu of use 2 kilogram-mass mark are 10% mixes that 50 kilograms, soil spreads fertilizer over the fields control ramie root-rot nematodiasis, the 800 times of liquid of isoprocarb that are 35% with 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions floral leaf cicada nymph contain the phase of sending out spraying control ramie a mosaic disease, with the decis of 40 or 80 milliliters of mass fractions 2.5%, be watered 45 kilograms and spray and prevent and treat noctuid, red admiral and the yellow a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants of ramie in larva clustering or the Sheng phase of incubating; C. gather in the crops every year last fiber crops in season, carried out the intertillage of numb garden, excavate and stretch to the horse race root of part in the ranks, the field winter training management work that railway carriage or compartment face earthing is fostered and apply fertilizer, ditch cleaning protects the root and stem of certain plants, guaranteed that next days, fiber crops were the high yield of the fiber crops first season;
Described head fiber crops, refer to the ramie of gathering in the crops during late May to early June.
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| CN105170642B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-03-30 | 福建沃土环保有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of Industrial Ruin heavy metal pollution of soil |
| CN109433819B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-09-10 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of cadmium pollution paddy field ramie restorative procedure |
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