CN102172132B - Method for screening ramie varieties and method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using ramie - Google Patents
Method for screening ramie varieties and method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using ramie Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening ramie varieties and a method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil by using ramie. In the method for screening the ramie varieties, four characteristics such as overground part dry weight, plant height, relative quantity value of chlorophyll in leaves and underground part dry weight of the ramie are taken as main indexes used for evaluating cadmium resistance of the ramie varieties under the culture condition of nutrient solution, and an average value of a tolerance membership function and overground Cd content of the ramie are indexes to cluster the ramie varieties into four different types, namely a high-resistant low-absorption type, a high-resistant high-absorption type, a low-resistant low-absorption type and a low-resistant high-absorption type; and the method for restoring the cadmium contaminated soil by using the ramie is used for planting the high-resistant low-absorption type varieties to restore light cadmium contaminated soil and planting the high-resistant high-absorption type varieties to restore medium and high cadmium contaminated soil. According to the method, a plurality of indexes are utilized to comprehensively evaluate the capability of cadmium resistance and cadmium absorption of the ramie, various ramie varieties are classified accordingly to guide ramie farmers to plant different varieties in accordance with different cadmium contaminated soils, so that the cadmium contaminated soil can be effectively restored and the yield of the ramie is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of ramee variety screening technique and ramie cadmium pollution soil repair.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of urbanization process and industrial fast development, agricultural land soil has been subject to the various heavy pollution.Nineteen eighty-three, the plant that American scientist Chaney has proposed to utilize some can accumulate heavy metal is first removed the imagination of heavy metal pollution of soil.The proposition of this imagination has caused scientific research personnel's very big interest, and found that some plants have special accumulation and degradation capability to heavy metal element, it such as ramie, may be hyperaccumulative plant of Cd and Pb etc., alleviate the heavy metal pollution of even removing in soil by planting these plants, reach and administer the purpose of polluting with rehabilitating soil.Yet the degree difference due to By The Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil, and plant variety classification at present still can not instruct people to select applicable kind plantation according to the difference of the contaminated degree of soil, such as for being subject to the Cd contaminated soil due to the pollution level difference, people do not know that the ramie that should plant what kind could adapt to heavy-metal contaminated soil in various degree, and therefore current blind kind of phenomenon is commonplace.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of ramee variety screening technique and ramie cadmium pollution soil repair, so that numb agriculture arrives and effectively administers the cadmium pollution in soil by autotelic plantation.
Ramee variety screening technique of the present invention, be to using ramie overground part dry weight, plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value and 4 proterties of underground part dry weight as the leading indicator of the anti-cadmium evaluation of ramee variety under nutrient solution cultivation condition, according to
calculate respectively the membership function value of overground part dry weight, plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value and underground part dry weight patience index, in formula
the degeneration-resistant membership function value that means i genotype j index, X
ijthe measured value that means i genotype j index, X
jmaxand X
jminmean respectively the minimum and maximum measured value of each genotype middle finger target, then basis
calculate patience membership function mean value, in formula, Xi is genotypic degeneration-resistant membership function average, and n is the index number; Take described patience membership function mean value and ramie overground part Cd content as index by the ramee variety cluster as 4 dissimilar, high anti-low absorption-type, Gao Naigao absorption-type, low anti-low absorption-type and low anti-high absorption-type.
The present invention carries out the method for ramie cadmium pollution soil repair with the ramee variety of said method screening, be the slight cadmium pollution soil of the high anti-low absorption-type kind reparation of plantation, height cadmium pollution soil in the reparation of plantation Gao Naigao absorption-type kind.
Because the present invention utilizes the tolerant ability to cadmium of a plurality of index comprehensive evaluation ramies and absorbs the ability power of cadmium, and with this, various ramee varieties are classified, according to this classification, instruct numb agriculture to plant different kinds to the soil of different cadmium pollution degree, thereby effectively the heavy metal cadmium in soil is moved, cadmium pollution soil repair guarantees ramie output simultaneously.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is potted plant No. 1-9 different ramee variety dendrogram.
Fig. 2 Fig. 3 .3 is No. 1-9 different ramee variety dendrogram of land for growing field crops microcell.
Fig. 3-Figure 11 is that the different Cd of potted plant 1-9 ramee variety process each organ of ramie Cd containing spirogram successively.
Figure 12 is that land for growing field crops micro-plot experiment ramie Different Organs Cd is containing spirogram.
Figure 13 is that micro-plot experiment different Cd in land for growing field crops process lower ramie overground part Cd containing spirogram.
Embodiment
1. ramie cultivar cadmium patience difference
1.1 pot experiment
1.1.1 patience index
The patience power of plant under environment stress means with patience index (TI) usually, root length or the overground part height of general patience index based on plant.The patience index is larger, and plant patience is just stronger.The patience power is subject to the impact of many factors, selects a plurality of indexs to carry out overall merit more accurate.Therefore, with plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value, underground part dry weight and the corresponding patience coefficient of overground part dry weight comprehensive study ramee variety patience, also divide
Rank, the results are shown in Table 1 not by size.
The different Cd of table 1 process ramie patience index (potted plant)
1.1.2 membership function value
Plant patience is determined by composite factor, therefore utilizes membership function to carry out overall merit to the ramie endurance, the results are shown in Table 2, and ramee variety patience power is followed successively by No.9>No.1>No.7>No.2>No.8>No.4>No.6>No.3>No.5.
Table 2 ramie endurance membership function value (potted plant)
As Fig. 1, membership function value is carried out after cluster analysis to 9 kinds can be divided into to 3 classes: No.1 and No.9 is a class, can be divided into high anti-type; No.2,4,6,7,8 is a class, anti-type in can being divided into; No.3,5 is a class, can be divided into low anti-type.
1.2 land for growing field crops microcell
1.2.1 patience index
Calculate respectively that plant height, stem are thick, skin depth, overground part dry weight and raw ramie dry weight patience index rank by size then, the results are shown in Table 3.
The different Cd of table 3 process ramie patience index (land for growing field crops microcell)
1.2.2 membership function value
The membership function value that table 4 is land for growing field crops micro-plot experiment ramee variety endurance, each kind patience power is followed successively by
No.9＞No.1＞No.2＞No.7＞No.8＞No.6＞No.4＞No.5＞No.3。
Table 4 ramie endurance membership function value (land for growing field crops microcell)
Membership function value average to 5 proterties is carried out cluster analysis, and 9 kinds can be divided into to 3 classes: No.1 and No.9 equally is high anti-type, No.2,4,6,7,8 be in anti-type, No.3,5 is low anti-type.As can be seen here, nutrient solution is potted plant, and to using plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value, overground part and underground part biomass basically identical as result and the land for growing field crops result of the ramie index screening of anti-the cadmium, although arrange not exclusively equally, the difference (as Fig. 2) of matter do not occur.
The distribution of each organ cadmium of 2 ramies
2.1 pot experiment
Fig. 3 has reflected that to Figure 11 the different Cd of 1-9 ramee variety process each organ of ramie Cd content, result of the test is presented in 0～91mg/L Cd scope, each organ of ramee variety Cd content shows as increase trend, and each organ Cd content sorts by size and is followed successively by stem skin>root>boon>leaf; When the Cd processing horizontal rises to 182mg/L, No.1,7,8 stem skin, leaf, boon Cd content reduce on the contrary, and root Cd content continues to raise.Each organ of other kind Cd content continues to increase.
2.2 land for growing field crops microcell
Each organ of overground part Cd content size order is followed successively by: stem skin>boon>leaf.When Cd25mg/kg processes in stem skin, boon and leaf the Cd average content be respectively 54.55,27.37 and 16.57mg/kg, when Cd100mg/kg processes in stem skin, boon and leaf the Cd average content be respectively 76.39,48.43 and 26.84mg/kg, all be significantly higher than Cd average content 12.15 in contrast stem skin, boon and leaf, 6.96,6.38mg/kg, in each organ Cd content and soil, Cd content is utmost point marked positive correlation, in stem skin, boon and leaf, the correlation coefficient of Cd content and soil Cd content is respectively 0.885,0.828 and 0.956.When variance analysis shows that CK and Cd25mg/kg process, in the stem skin in Cd content and boon and leaf Cd content be remarkable difference (p<0.05), in boon and leaf, Cd content is without significant difference (p>0.05); When Cd100mg/kg processes, in stem skin, boon and leaf, Cd content is remarkable difference (p<0.05), sees Figure 12.
3 ramie overground part cadmium content and accumulations
3.1 pot experiment
For more different Cd process the difference of lower ramie cultivar to the Cd absorbing capacity, measured each kind overground part content and accumulation, contrast does not add Cd with table 6(to the results are shown in Table 5, can't detect Cd in plant, therefore data are unlisted).Ramie overground part Cd content mean value and Cd processing horizontal are carried out to correlation analysis, and result shows that both are significant positive correlation, and correlation coefficient reaches 0.963.
Four kinds of Cd process lower ramie overground part Cd average content and are respectively 22.93,37.22,71.27 and 88.08mg/kg.
In 23～91mg/L Cd scope, kind overground part Cd content rises and increases with the Cd processing horizontal, and when the Cd processing horizontal is 182mg/L, No.1,7,8 overground part Cd content descend, and all the other kind overground part Cd content continue to increase.
Between kind, there is significant difference in overground part Cd content, and under 23～91mg/LCd processes, the highest kind of overground part Cd content is No.6,4,8 respectively, and its content is respectively 29.20,46.57 and 95.06mg/kg; Under 182mg/LCd processes, No.4,9 overground part Cd content surpass 100mg/kg, and wherein No.9 overground part Cd content is up to 113.71mg/kg.
Table 5Cd processes ramie overground part Cd content (potted plant)
Annotate: after same column numerical value, different letter representations are in the horizontal significant difference in p<0.05, and " * " and " * * " means respectively 0.05 level and 0.01 horizontal significance.
Between each processing of pot experiment, there is significant difference in overground part Cd accumulation, and ramie overground part Cd accumulation rises and increases with the Cd concentration for the treatment of.No.1,7,8 four strains overground part Cd content maximum under 91mg/LCd processes, thereby make 91mg/LCd process lower overground part Cd accumulation and reach maximum, No.2 biomass under 182mg/LCd processes significantly descends, and makes 182mg/L Cd process lower overground part Cd accumulation and processes lower than 91mg/LCd.Between kind, also there is significant difference in overground part Cd accumulation, and in 23～182mg/L Cd process range, the highest kind of overground part Cd accumulation is followed successively by No.8, No.3, No.8 and No.2, is significantly higher than with processing lower other kind.The average Cd accumulation of No.8 overground part is significantly higher than other kind.
Table 6Cd processes ramie overground part Cd accumulation (potted plant)
Annotate: after same column numerical value, different letter representations are in the horizontal significant difference in p<0.05, and " * " and " * * " means respectively 0.05 level and 0.01 horizontal significance.
3.2 land for growing field crops microcell
Ramie overground part Cd content significantly increases (p<0.05) along with soil Cd raises, and under contrast and two Cd horizontal processings, ramie overground part Cd average content is respectively 7.75,28.19 and 45.11mg/kg.CK, Cd25mg/kg and Cd100mg/kg process lower maximum Differences and reach respectively 1.65,2.04 and 1.62 times.The highest kind of CK overground part Cd content is No.8, is significantly higher than other kinds (p<0.05), and it is No.5 that Cd25mg/kg processes the lower the highest kind of overground part Cd content, is significantly higher than other kinds (p<0.05); It is No.4 that Cd100mg/kg processes the lower the highest kind of overground part Cd content, is significantly higher than other kinds (p<0.05).
Ramie overground part Cd accumulation is in Table 7.Ramie can be gathered in the crops 3 times in 1 year, and under contrast and two Cd horizontal processings, overground part Cd accumulation mean value is respectively 0.18,0.50,0.56kg/hm
2a.That CK overground part Cd accumulation is the highest is No.8; When Cd25mg/kg and Cd100mg/kg, No.2 overground part Cd accumulation is the highest.Ramie overground part Cd accumulation raises and is increase trend with soil Cd, but the accumulation of No.1,8 when Cd100mg/kg processes processed lower than Cd25mg/kg on the contrary.The kind that accumulation is high need possess stronger absorbing capacity, and amount of dry matter is large.Result shows, No. 1, middle ramie accumulation ability on slight Cd contaminated soil is strong, and the accumulation ability of rich and smooth piemarker on middle height Cd contaminated soil is strong.According to repairing time limit formula t=-(ln M/M
initially)/K calculates
[109]suppose that cleanliness standard is 0.6mg/kg, in planting on the soil of Cd concentration 1.65mg/kg, No. 1, ramie, need within 8 years, to make soil restoration to cleanliness standard, on the soil of Cd concentration 25mg/kg and 100mg/kg, the rich and smooth piemarker of plantation, need respectively within 92 years and 395 years, can make soil restoration to cleanliness standard.If the natural cause of considering and cultivating procedure cause Cd to move downwards, actual cleaning time also can reduce.
The different Cd of table 7 process lower ramie overground part Cd Annual accumulation (land for growing field crops microcell)
Annotate: after same column numerical value, different letter representations are in the horizontal significant difference in p<0.05
4. enrichment and the migrate attribute of ramie to cadmium
4.1 pot experiment
Concentration coefficient and transhipment coefficient reflect that respectively plant absorbs the heavy metal ability and plant transports heavy metal to the ability of acrial part from underground part, it is stronger that the larger explanation of concentration coefficient plant absorbs the heavy metal ability, and it is stronger that the larger explanation root system of plant of transhipment coefficient transports the heavy metal ability.Along with the Cd processing horizontal rises, ramie concentration coefficient (table 8) on a declining curve, when 23mg/LCd processes, when the concentration coefficient of all the other kinds all is greater than Isosorbide-5-Nitrae 6mg/LCd processing except No.1,7,9, only have No.4,8 concentration coefficients to be greater than 1; When 91mg/LCd processes, only have the No.8 concentration coefficient to be greater than 1; When the Cd processing horizontal rises to 182mg/L, all kind concentration coefficients are less than 1, are low to moderate 0.37 most.
Table 8Cd processes ramie concentration coefficient (potted plant)
As seen from Table 9, during 23～91mg/LCd scope, the transhipment coefficient all is greater than 1, illustrate that in this scope, root system transhipment Cd ability is stronger, when the Cd processing horizontal rises to 182mg/L, the transhipment coefficient has decline in various degree, illustrates that 182mg/LCd has inhibitory action to root growth, make the Cd of Root Absorption initiatively not transport to overground part, Cd is trapped in root in a large number.The transhipment coefficient table reveals two specific characters, and when the first characteristic is Cd concentration 23mg/L, the transhipment coefficient reaches maximum, descends afterwards again; When the second characteristic is Cd concentration 46～91mg/LCd, the transhipment coefficient reaches maximum, descends afterwards again.
Table 9Cd processes ramie transhipment coefficient (potted plant)
4.2 land for growing field crops microcell
Concentration coefficient has reflected that plant absorbs the capacity of water of heavy metal, has also reflected the complexity of migration of element in the soil-plant system.As shown in Table 10, concentration coefficient raises and reduces with the Cd concentration for the treatment of.Under Cd of the same race processes, there is Differences in the ramie accumulation ability.During contrast, 9 kind overground part concentration coefficients all are greater than 1, and maximum is No.8 6.12; When Cd25mg/kg processes, the ramie concentration coefficient is less than contrast, but the concentration coefficient of all the other 8 kinds all is greater than 1 except No.9, and maximum is No.5 1.83; When the Cd concentration for the treatment of rises to 100mg/kg, each kind concentration coefficient all is down to below 1.
Table 10Cd processes ramie concentration coefficient (land for growing field crops microcell)
5. the cluster analysis of ramie cadmium patience and overground part cadmium content
Overground part Cd content average and the patience membership function value of ramie under different Cd process of take is index, the application clustering procedure by 9 kinds can be divided into 4 dissimilar, the first kind be the height anti-low absorption-type, No.1,7 belongs to this class, patience is very strong, but the Cd accumulation ability a little less than; Equations of The Second Kind is Gao Naigao absorption-type, and No.2,4,6,8,9 belongs to this class, has stronger patience and accumulation ability simultaneously; The 3rd class is low anti-low absorption-type, and No.3 belongs to this class, patience a little less than, accumulation ability is weaker than other kind; The 4th class is low anti-high absorption-type, i.e. No.5, patience a little less than, but there is stronger Cd accumulation ability.In Table 11
Table 11 ramie overground part Cd content and the cluster analysis of Cd patience
6. ramie cadmium Absorption Characteristics
In the heavy metal accumulation plant, the leaves and stems content of beary metal is usually above root, and the transhipment coefficient of ramie is higher, illustrates that ramie is not only a kind of Cd tolerant plant, or a kind of Cd enriching plant, can take away Cd from soil by continuous results overground part.The Cd of root absorption
2+be mainly that transpiration and respiration due to plant moves to overground part by xylem, at some Cd enriching plants, as Indian mustard, most of Cd is combined with plant chelating state, with the form that organically combines state, exists.In the ramie body, the existence form of Cd remains further to be studied.
Normal plants Cd content is generally in 0.2～0.8mg/kg (dry weight), different because of floristics, surpasses 100mg/kg and is defined as the Cd super enriching plant.In this test, ramie overground part Cd content surpasses the Cd content in general plant corpus, and the overground part Cd concentration coefficient when low concentration Cd processes substantially all is greater than 1.Under in pot experiment, Cd182mg/L processes, No.4,9 overground part content reach the standard of Cd super enriching plant.Ramie overground part Cd content rises and increases with the Cd processing horizontal, but No.1,7,8 overground part Cd content reach maximum at 91mg/L, reason may be that these three kinds are below Cd processing horizontal 91mg/L, the respiration of Ramie Roots With Isotopic and the transpiration of blade rise to some extent, the Cd of Root Absorption initiatively transports to overground part, thereby causes blade and stem skin Cd content to increase; When the Cd processing horizontal rises to 182mg/L, the respiration of root system and the transpiration of blade are subject to Cd to coerce inhibition, and turn-over capacity weakens, thereby blade and stem skin Cd content are reduced.Be grown in the validity that content of beary metal in plant corpus under nature depends on accumulation ability and the heavy metal in soil of plant itself.In nutrient fluid cultivation and soil, the interior content of beary metal of plant corpus can there are differences, and its reason may have following several respects: in nutrient solution and soil, the pH value there are differences; Different with available heavy metal content in nutrient solution in soil; There are other heavy metals in soil, plant has been absorbed and suppressed or facilitation.
7. ramie cadmium accumulation characteristic
The ramie biological amount is large, and Cd is had to stronger absorbing capacity, so the accumulation of overground part is more considerable.Pot experiment and land for growing field crops micro-plot experiment show that ramie overground part Cd accumulation rises and increases with the Cd concentration for the treatment of, but No.1, the kind overground part Cd content such as 8 reach capacity and start to descend under high concentrations of Cd is processed, the biomass fall is large simultaneously, makes now overground part Cd accumulation descend.Be applicable to repairing the ramee variety utilized and need have high-load and high-biomass concurrently, comprehensively relatively find to plant No.8 on slight Cd contaminated soil, on middle height Cd contaminated soil, plantation No.2 has higher economic worth and ecological benefits.When soil Cd concentration is 1.65mg/kg, when can producing raw ramie 2300kg, the annual per hectare of plantation No.8 can from soil, take away Cd0.25kg/hm
2, when soil Cd concentration is 100mg/kg, more than the annual per hectare of plantation No.2 can be produced raw ramie 1900kg, fiber quality is better, can adsorb Cd0.97kg/hm simultaneously
2.
8. the relation of ramie cadmium patience and accumulation ability
Find that from above-mentioned experimental result ramie patience and accumulation ability are not one to one, therefore according to the relation of ramie Cd patience and accumulation ability, ramee variety is divided into to type in four: high anti-low absorption-type, Gao Naigao absorption-type, low anti-low absorption-type and low anti-high absorption-type.In production reality, the high anti-low absorption-type kind of plantation is mainly to utilize heavy-metal contaminated soil, and plantation Gao Naigao absorption-type kind, as the heavy-metal contaminated soil restoration of the ecosystem, has important actual application value.
Claims (3)
1. a ramee variety screening technique, is characterized in that usining ramie overground part dry weight, plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value and 4 proterties of underground part dry weight leading indicator as the anti-cadmium evaluation of ramee variety under nutrient solution cultivation condition, according to
Calculate respectively the patience index membership function value of overground part dry weight, plant height, leaf chlorophyll relative number value and underground part dry weight, in formula
the patience index membership function value that means i genotype j index, X
ijthe measured value that means i genotype j index, X
jmaxand X
jminmean respectively the minimum and maximum measured value of each genotype middle finger target, then basis
Calculate patience index membership function mean value, in formula
the genotypic patience index of i membership function average, n is the index number; Take described patience index membership function mean value and ramie overground part Cd content as index by the ramee variety cluster as 4 dissimilar, high anti-low absorption-type, Gao Naigao absorption-type, low anti-low absorption-type and low anti-high absorption-type.
2. the ramee variety with the screening of the described method of claim 1 carries out the method for ramie cadmium pollution soil repair, it is characterized in that the slight cadmium pollution soil of the high anti-low absorption-type kind reparation of plantation, plantation Gao Naigao absorption-type kind repair in the height cadmium pollution soil.
3. the method for ramie cadmium pollution soil repair according to claim 2, is characterized in that planting the slight cadmium pollution soil of rich and smooth piemarker reparation, height cadmium pollution soil in No. 1 reparation of ramie in plantation.
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| CN102919042B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting ramie in soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal |
| CN102919040B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-03-26 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting ramie in middle-level heavy metal contaminated soils |
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| CN103430766A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2013-12-11 | 江西省宜春市农业科学研究所 | Seedling-raising and propagation method of ramie |
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| CN105027963A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-11-11 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Method for identifying and evaluating cold resistance of ramie germplasm resources |
| CN108015104B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2023-06-27 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Method for promoting ramie to repair cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN106576481A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 清华大学 | Method for screening sorghum variety suitable for cadmium polluted soil repair, and new application of sorghum variety |
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