CN101947539B - Soil remediation method for treating heavy metal pollutants - Google Patents
Soil remediation method for treating heavy metal pollutants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil remediation method for treating heavy metal pollutants. The soil is divided into three classes according to the heavy metal content in the soil, namely, heavily contaminated soil, moderately contaminated soil and lightly contaminated soil. The soil remediation method for the heavily contaminated soil comprises the steps of chemical leaching, earthworm enrichment remediation and phytoremediation; the soil remediation method for the moderately contaminated soil comprises the steps of earthworm enrichment remediation and phytoremediation; and the soil remediation method for the lightly contaminated soil is phytoremediation. The invention combines the animal/plant enhanced composite remediation, realizes in-situ bioremediation of the soil successfully and has obvious effect without causing secondary pollution to the soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil remediation method, relate to a kind of soil remediation method of handling metal pollutant especially, belong to the soil remediation method field.
Background technology
The characteristic that several heavy metal species pollute:
1, cadmium (Cd)
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of argenteous rare metal, and quality is soft, is rich in ductility, and is anticorrosive, wear-resisting, hot a little volatile.Do not find independent cadmium ore deposit, find in the plumbous zinc of being everlasting, the lead bronze zinc ore at present.Cadmium is widely used in industries such as plating, automobile and aviation, pigment, paint, printing.Recent study proves, no matter is from toxicity or cumulative effect, and cadmium all will be the 3rd metallic element that after mercury, lead, pollutes human environment, threat human health.Because the cadmium applied range, consumption pattern is diversified, has increased the chance of environmental pollution, and cadmium has caused common concern to the pollution of environment at present, and the control cadmium pollution has become the synthtic price index of the whole society.
2, copper (Cu)
Copper (Cu) is biological essential nutrient, and an amount of copper all is useful to people and animals and plants, but excessive copper works the mischief to growing of biology, to its surrounding enviroment generation heavy damage.In addition, along with the fast development of industrial and agricultural production, the purposes of copper more and more widely, consumption constantly increases, the cupric pollutant emission is more and more, and the pollution of soil environment is also displayed gradually.Therefore, in recent years, the research that soil-plant system copper is polluted has caused people's attention with improvement.
3, plumbous (Pb)
Plumbous (Pb) solubility in soil is low, and is difficult for moving, but owing to human the continually developing and destroying of nature added industrial expansion, has caused serious day by day global lead contamination.The plumbous characteristics that the toxic action of human body had latency and chronicity.Because the continuous generation of lead poisoning incident, the research of relevant lead contamination and lead poisoning evil more and more receives the attention of Chinese scholars.
4, mercury (Hg)
Mercury (Hg) can get into soil environment through different approaches; Hg in the soil is through complicated physics, chemical reaction; Major part is trapped in the soil with various forms, and Hg constitutes a threat to health in accumulation of crop edible part and the circulation of entering food chain simultaneously.There is 3.2 * 104ha in China by the cultivated area that Hg pollutes, and the annual Hg that produces contaminated environment reaches 1.9 * 108kg.Soil is polluted by Hg in a single day, and human health is constituted potential harm, so improvement and bioremediation technology research that soil Hg pollutes are outstanding apparent important.
Use recovery technique both at home and abroad always
Heavy metal pollution of soil has disguise, chronicity and irreversibility; The holdup time of pollutant in soil is long; Plant or microorganism can not be degraded; Heavy metal pollution not only causes the reduction of degeneration, crop yield and the quality of soil, and possibly jeopardize human life and health through direct contact, food chain.
At present, broad research is all being carried out to the heavy metal pollution of soil recovery technique in countries in the world, and its main path has 3 kinds: 1. change the heavy metal state, reduce its activity, make its passivation, break away from food chain, reduce its toxicity; 2. utilize hyperaccumulative plant to absorb the heavy metal in the soil; 3. with engineering heavy metal is become soluble state, free state, pass through drip washing again, collect the heavy metal in the leacheate then, reclaim heavy metal and the purpose that reduces heavy metal in soil content thereby reach.To these three kinds of approach, several kinds of measures below its concrete method generally can be divided: engineering reclamation activities, chemical reclamation activities, agricultural measures and biological restoration measure etc.
One, engineering recovery technique
(1) physics reparation
Physical measure mainly comprises soil moved in to improve the original, soil removal and replacement, go to show soil and deep ploughing is digged.1. soil moved in to improve the original method-be exactly adds a large amount of clean soils to contaminated soil, covers top layer or mixing, makes the heavy metal pollution substrate concentration be reduced to below the harm concentration or reduces the extraneous contact of pollutant, alleviates harm, can not reduce the total amount of heavy metal; 2. soil replacement method---take contaminated by heavy metals soil away, change to new free of contamination soil.This method small size severe contamination and pollutant tool radioactivity appear or be prone to diffusion difficult decompose situation under use morely, be a kind of pollution transportation method; 3. digging is exactly to plough deeply heavy-metal contaminated soil, makes the pollutant that accumulates in the top layer be distributed to darker level, reaches the purpose of dilution, and same, this method has just reduced heavy metal in soil concentration, and total metals does not reduce.
(2) electric repairing technique
The electronic reparation of soil is a new soil remediation method; Its principle mainly is to form electric-force gradient through on the pollution soil body, applying DC electric field, and pollutant in soil is taken out of soil through approach such as electromigration, EOF or electrophoresis finally makes contaminated soil be able to cleaning.This technology is very effective at clay and the heavy metals such as the lead in the silt soil, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, uranium, mercury and zinc of removing hypotonicity, has experiment to show that this method is to Pb in the soil
2+, Cr
3+The rate of removing etc. heavy metal ion also can reach more than 90%.This method is suitable for the clay and the silt soil of hyposmosis, can control the flow direction of pollutant.Electronic recovery project is implemented more complicated, invests higherly, and operating cost is higher, but this technology is a kind of based technique for in-situ remediation, does not stir soil layer, and can shorten repair time, thereby is a kind of recovery technique with development potentiality.
(3) electric heating recovery technique
The electric heating reparation is to utilize high frequency voltage to generate electromagnetic waves and heat, and soil is heated, and pollutant is desorbed in soil particle, accelerates some effumability heavy metals and from soil, separates, thereby reach the purpose of reparation.This technology can be repaired by the soil of heavy metal pollutions such as Hg and Se.Can place heavy metal pollution district soil under the HTHP in addition; Form glass state material, the cooling back forms stiff glass body chemically inert, non-diffusion, thereby reaches the purpose of fundamentally eliminating heavy metal pollution of soil; Ida. engineering test in 1991 each heavy metal species refuse (As, Ag, Ba, Cd etc.) landfill after 0.66m is underground; Use the vitrifying method, fixed heavy metal contaminants, proved should technology feasibility.This method technology is simple, but energy consumption is big, and operating cost is high, is prone to form uncontrollable secondary pollution.
(4) soil drip washing technology
Soil drip washing measure; Its principle is the heavy metal effect in utilization reagent and the solid phase of soil; Form deliquescent heavy metal ion or metal complex; Dash pollutant to the root layer with clear water then, utilize the compound that contains certain ligand to dash again and drench soil, make it to form more stable complex compound with heavy metal ion; Or,, make heavy metal form compound precipitation like carbonate, phosphate flushing soil with having anionic solution.At present, the leacheate of available soil is more, comprises organic or inorganic acid, alkali, salt and intercalating agent.This technology is simple to operate, invests lowlyer, can effectively reduce heavy metal in soil concentration, but needs to consider the collection and the processing of leacheate, avoids secondary pollution.
Two, chemistry is repaired
The chemistry reclamation activities is actual to be a kind of soil based technique for in-situ remediation; Be exactly to throw people's modifying agent or activating agent to soil; Make its Acidity of Aikalinity that changes soil, redox conditioned disjunction ion constitute situation; And then absorption, redox, antagonism or the precipitation of heavy metal exerted an influence, finally reduce the pollution of heavy metal.Modifying agent commonly used has the organic substance of lime, zeolite, calcium carbonate, phosphate, silicate and promotion reduction etc.
(1) chemical improvement agent recovery technique
Chemical improvement agent is repaired, and for the acid ground that receives heavy metal pollution, basic species mass-energy such as liming improve soil pH value, reduce the dissolubility of heavy metal.On the Cd contaminated soil, use alkaline matter such as lime, make heavy metal in soil Cd available state content reduce about 15%, had certain function by the crop absorption reducing Cd.Zeolite also can be used as soil conditioner, the harmful substance in the fixing soil, the possibility of minimizing plant absorbing.This technology can only be improved the contaminated degree of soil, does not reduce total metals.
(2) surface-active cleaning agent recovery technique
The surface-active cleaning agent is repaired; Utilize characteristics such as surfactant is wetting, solubilising, dispersion, washing; Change the soil surface electric charge and absorb potential energy; Or cement out heavy metal from soil surface, be present in the soil liquid with the form of complexing, chelate, accelerate the flowability of heavy metal in the soil liquid.The auxiliary reclamation activities of the present Chang Zuowei of this technology is used, and has certain uncontrollability.
(3) heavy metal antagonist recovery technique
Heavy metal antagonist is repaired; According to the antagonism between the heavy metal element in the soil environment; Have antagonism property like elements such as heavy metal and Sn, As, Zn, Cu, utilize some that human body is safe from harm or the antagonism of useful metallic element, reduce the available state of heavy metal in soil.Therefore, in light contaminated soil, use a spot of heavy metal antagonist, can play good preventive and therapeutic effect.
Three, biological restoration
Biological restoration is that the biotechnology of utilizing that grows up early 1990s is administered a kind of new method of contaminated soil.Its basic principle is the toxicity of utilizing the heavy metal in specific plant, animal or microorganism reduction, the purification soil or reducing heavy metal.This method is a kind of original position reparation, and cost is low, and is effective, and easy operating receives people's attention day by day, becomes the focus of contaminated soil reparation research.Biological restoration is divided into three kinds of phytoremediation, microorganism reparation and animal reparations etc. again.
(1) phytoremediation technology
Phytoremediation technology can be divided into that plant extract, phytovolatilization, rhizosphere are filtered and plant fixing etc.Generally former three is referred to as the removal process, it relies on hyperaccumulative plant can absorb, transport and restrain oneself the high-load heavy metal in its whole life; And the latter is called stabilization process, it is to utilize intercalating agent to promote the absorption of plant to heavy metal.What research was maximum now is the plant extract technology.
The plant extract technology promptly utilizes heavy metal hyperaccumulative plant from soil, to draw metal pollutant, gathers in overground part subsequently and focuses on, and plants this plant continuously, reaches the purpose that reduces or remove heavy metal pollution of soil.Found that at present hundreds of ultraproducts tire out the heavy metal plant, can accumulate heavy metals such as Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb.
The mechanism of phytovolatilization is to utilize root system of plant to absorb metal, is translated into gaseous material and evaporate in the atmosphere, to reduce soil pollution.Certain plants on the wetland can be removed the Se in the soil edge, and wherein simple substance accounts for 75%, and the volatilization attitude accounts for 20%～25%.
Plant stability is to utilize anti-heavy metal plant or ultra accumulation plant to reduce the activity of heavy metal, thereby reduces heavy metal is spread further contaminated environment to underground water or through air by drip washing possibility.Its mechanism mainly is to absorb the curing of strengthening heavy metal in soil through metal at accumulation, deposition or the root table of root.Secretions from plant roots can change the rhizosphere soil environment, and the valence state of Cr, Hg, As and form are changed, and influences its poisonous effect; In addition, the root hair of plant can directly be fixed from soil exchange absorption heavy metal increase root table.
Utilize the enrichment of plant to heavy metal, the mode through harvesting is handled can effectively reduce the heavy metal in soil total amount, reaches the effect of reparation, thereby is a kind of widely used treatment technology.
(2) animal recovery technique
Some lower animal such as earthworm, muroid etc. can absorb the heavy metal in the soil in the soil, and then have reduced the content of heavy metal in the contaminated soil.Simultaneously, earthworm also can increase the efficient of plant absorbing heavy metal through increasing the heavy metal-polluted soil activity.There are some researches show that earthworm movement can obviously improve the biological effectiveness of red soil Cu, the content of DTPA extraction attitude Cu in the red soil is significantly increased, thereby improve absorption and the bioaccumulation efficiency of plant heavy metal.To the mode that the absorption and the vermis of heavy metal separates, can effectively reduce the concentration of heavy metal in soil through earthworm from soil, reach the target of reparation.
(3) microorganism recovery technique
Microorganism recovery technique, microorganism have unique effect aspect restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal.Its main action principle is: microorganism can reduce toxicity, absorption accumulation heavy metal, the change rhizosphere environment of heavy metal in soil, thereby improves absorption, volatilization or the fixed efficiency of plant to heavy metal.Microorganism also can be through improving soil aggregate, the physicochemical property of improving the soil and influencing process remote-effects heavy metal forms such as plant roots secretion.But, can't separate and collection, thereby to reducing the not directly effect of heavy metal in soil total amount because microorganism survives in soil always.
The comparison of above-mentioned technology path
Table 1: the pluses and minuses of various recovery techniques relatively
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants; What more specifically provide a kind of economical rationality can effectively reduce the heavy metal in soil total amount; And repair the pollution-free and destruction in place, environment amenable soil remediation method to intending.
The present invention the technical scheme that will provide be: a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants; Press the content of beary metal height in the soil; Soil is divided into three types; Be serious pollution soil, intermediate pollution soil and light contamination soil, described soil remediation method to serious pollution soil comprises and carries out chemical leaching earlier, carries out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation again; Described soil remediation method to intermediate pollution soil comprises earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation; Described soil remediation method to light contamination soil is a phytoremediation;
Described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process:
1), applies stalk and dried cow dung class fertilizer with the soil scarifying;
2) put into vermiculture, earthworm ingests through ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in the body; Make heavy metal stop in vivo and enrichment, during every day water, repair process waters primary water every day at least; When temperature is lower than 5 ℃; Mulching straw and film keep the soil moisture, play interception simultaneously; When temperature is higher than 32 ℃, increase the frequency of watering, guarantee that moisture content is 60～70%.
3) collect vermis, adopt the natural lighting collecting method, 24h waters in advance, and the soil with the upper strata concentrates on cement flooring or the Polypropylence Sheet again; Successively push aside, soil is scratched clean, make earthworm concentrate on bottom; Reach the collection purpose, and, collect back soil and go back to the shop vermis and soil sieving separating; After three months, again depth of soil 20cm is collected with interior one-tenth earthworm;
Through above-mentioned steps 1), 2), 3) processing cycle of promptly accomplishing an earthworm bioaccumulation, a processing cycle is 3 months, carries out four processing cycles altogether;
The acid solution that described chemical leaching is selected to contain chelating agent is as eluent;
Described phytoremediation is selected Indian mustard and ramie two kind of plant for use; With three months be a season, autumn and winter plantations Indian mustard, two seasons of spring and summer plantation ramie after per season plantation finishes, connects root and collects, fertilizer is added in the plantation of digging again, the completion phytoremediation cycle is 18 months.
Preferably, the collection vermis of the step 3) of described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, vermis was collected and was once become earthworm in one month summer, and each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm other seasons.
Preferably, a processing cycle is added a fertilizer in the described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, and addition is 35～40kg/m first
2, each thereafter addition is 20～25kg/m
2
Preferably, described earthworm is selected big flat No. 2 earthworm earthworm kinds for use.
Preferably, described chemical leaching comprises: polluted soil is excavated and moves to treatment pond, and polluted soil mixed with eluent in 1: 4 by volume; Treatment pond is provided with agitating device, soil is stirred with eluent mix, more than the reaction 4.5h; Carry out mud-water separation after the reaction; The waste water that produces is handled through electrochemical reaction, makes heavy metal form precipitate and separate, and the chemical leaching time was controlled in 1 month.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention selects to reduce heavy metal in soil total amount and eco-friendly recovery technique, and it is main promptly selecting biology in situ reparation (animal one plant is strengthened compound reparation) for use, and (chemical leaching) handled in materialization is the technology of assisting.In the technology of soil animal restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, characteristics such as earthworm is big because of its heavy metal accumulation amount, growth cycle weak point, extraction is simple, effect is obvious become the technology that soil remediation has potentiality.In the middle of phytoremediation technology, generally select hyperaccumulative plant for use.The plant extract reparation refers to utilize certain plants that the ultra accumulation ability of certain heavy metal species is removed heavy metal pollution of soil.Therefore combine animals and plants to strengthen compound reparation, realized biology in situ reparation smoothly, have extremely obvious effects, and do not produce secondary pollution soil to soil.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants is pressed the content of beary metal height in the soil, and soil is divided into three types, i.e. serious pollution soil, intermediate pollution soil and light contamination soil (like table 1), and adopt different techniques to handle targetedly.
Sampling mode
But according to evenly and operating principle, be that unit appearance ground is cut apart by 10m * 10m with the plot, with the ground collection of layouting of each unit appearance, the generality of satisfied detection data.
With 10m * 10m is unit appearance ground, and each kind ground selects 5 points, adopts quincunx layouting, and around the central point of choosing, gets four points again.(0～20cm) gets 0.5kg, then 5 soil is evenly mixed, and gets pedotheque about 1.0kg at last and puts into brown shuttle and take back to gather top layer at each point respectively with soil sampler.The soil sample that to adopt back then is placed on the plastic sheeting or in the enamel tray and shakeouts, and places room-dry, in air drying process, soil block is carried out fragmentation.After sample is air-dry, choose plant and animal residues such as root, stem, leaf, polypide etc. and stone, tuberculosis (lime, iron, manganese).Get a certain amount of grinding through quartering then, deposit in the Brown Glass Brown glass bottles and jars only after sieving with 80 purpose soil samples sieve, put into refrigerator then and preserve.In time carry out record in the sampling process, should comprise soil sample numbering, sampling position and longitude and latitude, soil name, sampling depth, date collected, sampling people etc. in the record.
According to same sample mode, preserve respectively to every kind of ground 20～40cm depth bounds sampling, and through after the preliminary treatment.
In order to investigate the contaminated situation of deep soil, according to 5 pieces kinds of ground of the contaminated degree different choice of soil, adopt in the same way, be the sampling of 40～60cm scope to the degree of depth, and preserve through after the preliminary treatment.
The fetch earth degree of depth and the weight of each point is answered uniformity in the sampling process of layouting, and sampler should bury to the degree of depth of regulation perpendicular to ground.Sampler uses stainless steel, wood, bamboo or plastic ware.Process such as sample treatment, storage can not contacting metal utensil and rubber, with anti-pollution.
Soil samples and detecting
Detect fetching soil sample, pre-treatment and detection method are with reference to " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618-1995) said execution of table 2.
Table 1 classification of soils (according to above-mentioned field sampling Monitoring Data)
(unit: the mg/kg dry ground)
| Soil types | Cd(mg/kg) | Cu(mg/kg) | Pb(mg/kg) | Hg(mg/kg) |
| Serious pollution soil | ＞3.5 | ＞116.0 | ＞170.9 | ＞0.9 |
| Intermediate pollution soil | 1.6～3.5 | 70.4116.0 | 80.1～170.9 | 0.7～0.9 |
| Light contamination soil | ＜1.6 | ＜70.4 | ＜80.1 | ＜0.7 |
To above-mentioned serious pollution soil, used soil remediation method comprises and carries out chemical leaching earlier, carries out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation again;
To intermediate pollution soil, used soil remediation method comprises earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation;
To above-mentioned light contamination soil, used soil remediation method is a phytoremediation;
Described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process:
1), applies stalk and dried cow dung class fertilizer and keep soil nutrient, the effect that cow dung also can enhancement of plant be repaired with the soil scarifying.
2) put into vermiculture, put into vermiculture, earthworm ingests through ceaselessly wriggling; Related earth is taken in the body, makes heavy metal stop in vivo and enrichment, during every day water; Repair process waters primary water every day at least, when temperature is lower than 5 ℃, and mulching straw and film; Keep the soil moisture, play interception simultaneously; When temperature is higher than 32 ℃, increase the frequency of watering, guarantee that moisture content is 60～70%; Control soil inner air flow, earthworm wriggles in soil can improve the soil inner air flow.
3) collect vermis, adopt the natural lighting collecting method, 24h waters in advance, and the soil with the upper strata concentrates on cement flooring or the Polypropylence Sheet again; Successively push aside, soil is scratched clean, make earthworm concentrate on bottom; Reach the collection purpose, and, collect back soil and go back to the shop vermis and soil sieving separating; After three months, depth of soil 20cm is collected with interior one-tenth earthworm, vermis was collected and was once become earthworm in one month summer again, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm other seasons;
Above-mentioned earthworm is selected big flat No. 2 earthworm earthworm kinds for use, through above-mentioned steps 1), 2), 3) processing cycle of promptly accomplishing an earthworm bioaccumulation, a processing cycle is 3 months, each processing cycle digs again, carries out four processing cycles altogether;
A processing cycle is added a fertilizer in the above-mentioned earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, and addition is 35kg/m first
2, each thereafter addition is 25kg/m
2
The acid solution that described chemical leaching is selected to contain chelating agent is as eluent, and chemical leaching comprises: polluted soil is excavated and moves to treatment pond, and polluted soil mixed with eluent in 1: 4 by volume; Treatment pond is provided with agitating device, soil is stirred with eluent mix, reaction 4.5h; Carry out mud-water separation after the reaction; The waste water that produces is handled through electrochemical reaction, makes heavy metal form precipitate and separate, and the chemical leaching time was controlled at 1 month.
Described phytoremediation is selected Indian mustard and ramie two kind of plant for use; With three months be a season, autumn and winter plantations Indian mustard, two seasons of spring and summer plantation ramie after per season plantation finishes, connects root and collects, fertilizer is added in the plantation of digging again, the completion phytoremediation cycle is 18 months.
Embodiment 2
A kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants; Press the content of beary metal height in the soil; Soil is divided into three types; Be serious pollution soil, intermediate pollution soil and light contamination soil, described soil remediation method to serious pollution soil comprises and carries out chemical leaching earlier, carries out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation again; Described soil remediation method to intermediate pollution soil comprises earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation; Described soil remediation method to light contamination soil is a phytoremediation;
Described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process:
1), applies stalk and dried cow dung class fertilizer with the soil scarifying;
2) put into vermiculture, put into vermiculture, earthworm ingests through ceaselessly wriggling; Related earth is taken in the body, makes heavy metal stop in vivo and enrichment, during every day water; Repair process waters primary water every day at least, when temperature is lower than 5 ℃, and mulching straw and film; Keep the soil moisture, play interception simultaneously; When temperature is higher than 32 ℃, increase the frequency of watering, guarantee that moisture content is 60～70%; Control soil inner air flow, earthworm wriggles in soil can improve the soil inner air flow.
3) collect vermis, adopt the natural lighting collecting method, 24h waters in advance, and the soil with the upper strata concentrates on cement flooring or the Polypropylence Sheet again; Successively push aside, soil is scratched clean, make earthworm concentrate on bottom; Reach the collection purpose, and, collect back soil and go back to the shop vermis and soil sieving separating; After three months, depth of soil 20cm is collected with interior one-tenth earthworm, vermis was collected and was once become earthworm in one month summer again, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm other seasons;
Above-mentioned earthworm is selected big flat No. 2 earthworm earthworm kinds for use, through above-mentioned steps 1), 2), 3) processing cycle of promptly accomplishing an earthworm bioaccumulation, a processing cycle is 3 months, carries out four processing cycles altogether;
A processing cycle is added a fertilizer in the above-mentioned earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, and addition is 40kg/m first
2, each thereafter addition is 20kg/m
2
The acid solution that described chemical leaching is selected to contain chelating agent is as eluent, and chemical leaching comprises: polluted soil is excavated and moves to treatment pond, and polluted soil mixed with eluent in 1: 4 by volume; Treatment pond is provided with agitating device, soil is stirred with eluent mix, more than the reaction 4.5h; Carry out mud-water separation after the reaction; The waste water that produces is handled through electrochemical reaction, makes heavy metal form precipitate and separate, and the chemical leaching time was controlled at 1 month.
Described phytoremediation is selected Indian mustard and ramie two kind of plant for use; With three months be a season, autumn and winter plantations Indian mustard, two seasons of spring and summer plantation ramie after per season plantation finishes, connects root and collects, fertilizer is added in the plantation of digging again, the completion phytoremediation cycle is 18 months.
Repairing effect
According to the manageable heavy metal-polluted soil concentration range of above-mentioned three types of soil remediation methods, concrete like table 2.
The acceptable soil metal concentration of table 2 recovery technique value
When metal concentration in the soil is lower than in the table the capable value corresponding of A, list light contamination soil scope in, adopt plant to strengthen recovery technique and handle.
When metal concentration in the soil is lower than in the table the capable value corresponding of B, list intermediate pollution soil scope in, adopt the earthworm bioaccumulation technology to dispose.
When metal concentration in the soil is higher than in the table the capable value corresponding of B, list serious pollution soil scope in, adopt the materialization technology to carry out preliminary treatment, utilize the biology in situ recovery technique to dispose again.
Dispose content and repair with materialization drip washing of high pollution soil and earthworm, wherein the high pollution soil drip washing processing time is 1 month (handling back soil backfill continues to repair), and earthworm is repaired can accomplish 1 processing cycle.
High pollution soil is handled through a drip washing or repeatedly drip washing processing, and heavy metal in soil concentration can reach table 2, and below the capable listed numerical value of B, these concentration are significantly less than the phase I reparation target in the following table 3 simultaneously.Can reach heavy metal concentration value after the listed heavily contaminated soil remediation of table 3 after drip washing is handled, intermediate pollution soil is then handled all after dates through 1 earthworm, and heavy metal in soil concentration is 1 all after date heavy metal concentration numerical value of intermediate pollution soil remediation listed in the table 3.
Table 3 heavy metal in soil concentration (unit: the mg/kg dry weight)
Afterwards, repair seasons (three months is a season), 2 ramies reparation seasons, 2 Indian mustards reparation seasons through 3 earthworm repairing efficiencies (three months is one-period), 2 Indian mustards successively.Above-mentioned as the second stage reparation, second 27 totally months stage, according to earthworm repair and phytoremediation to the heavy metal in soil enriching quantity, each period accessible heavy metal concentration value such as table 4.
Each processing cycle of table 4 second stage is repaired back heavy metal in soil concentration value (unit: the mg/kg dry weight)
The soil remediation treatment effect of above-mentioned enforcement obviously reaches the second stage desired value.According to the foregoing description, final treatment effect is summarized as:
Before the processing:
Plot soil pollution situation (0-20cm) is repaired in table 5 demonstration
| Main polluted heavy metals | Cd | Cu | Pb | Hg |
| Minimum of a value | 2.0 | 99 | 85 | 0.6 |
| Maximum | 11.5 | 229 | 568 | 1.3 |
Handle the back:
Soil remediation quality after table 6 is handled
| Main polluted heavy metals | Cd | Cu | Pb | Hg |
| Repair back (maximum) | ＜0.3 | ＜50 | ＜50 | ＜0.3 |
Claims (5)
1. a soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants is characterized in that, presses the content of beary metal height in the soil; Soil is divided into three types, i.e. serious pollution soil: chromium content＞3.5mg/kg, copper content＞116.0mg/kg; Lead content＞170.9mg/kg, mercury content＞0.9mg/kg; Intermediate pollution soil: chromium content is 1.6～3.5mg/kg, and copper content is 70.4～116.0mg/kg, and lead content is 80.1～170.9mg/kg, mercury content＞0.7～0.9mg/kg; Light contamination soil: chromium content＜1.6mg/kg, copper content＜70.4mg/kg, lead content＜80.1mg/kg, mercury content＜0.7mg/kg; Described soil remediation method to serious pollution soil comprises and carries out chemical leaching earlier, carries out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation again; Described soil remediation method to intermediate pollution soil comprises earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation; Described soil remediation method to light contamination soil is a phytoremediation;
Described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process:
1), applies stalk and dried cow dung class fertilizer with the soil scarifying;
2) put into vermiculture, during every day water, keeping the soil moisture is 5～32 ℃;
3) collect vermis, adopt the natural lighting collecting method, 24h waters in advance, and the soil with the upper strata concentrates on cement flooring or the Polypropylence Sheet again; Successively push aside, soil is scratched clean, make earthworm concentrate on bottom; Reach the collection purpose, and, collect back soil and go back to the shop vermis and soil sieving separating; After three months, again depth of soil 20cm is collected with interior one-tenth earthworm;
Through above-mentioned steps 1), 2), 3) processing cycle of promptly accomplishing an earthworm bioaccumulation, a processing cycle is 3 months, carries out four processing cycles altogether;
The acid solution that described chemical leaching is selected to contain chelating agent is as eluent;
Described phytoremediation is selected Indian mustard and ramie two kind of plant for use; With three months be a season, autumn and winter plantations Indian mustard, two seasons of spring and summer plantation ramie after per season plantation finishes, connects root and collects, fertilizer is added in the plantation of digging again, the completion phytoremediation cycle is 18 months.
2. a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The collection vermis of the step 3) of described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, vermis was collected and was once become earthworm in one month summer, and each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm other seasons.
3. a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1 is characterized in that, a processing cycle is added a fertilizer in the described earthworm bioaccumulation repair process, and addition is 35～40kg/m first
2, each thereafter addition is 20～25kg/m
2
4. a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1 is characterized in that described earthworm selects big flat No. 2 earthworm earthworm kinds for use.
5. a kind of soil remediation method of handling heavy metal contaminants according to claim 1 is characterized in that described chemical leaching comprises: polluted soil is excavated and move to treatment pond; Polluted soil mixed with eluent in 1: 4 by volume; Treatment pond is provided with agitating device, soil is stirred with eluent mix, more than the reaction 4.5h; Carry out mud-water separation after the reaction; The waste water that produces is handled through electrochemical reaction, makes heavy metal form precipitate and separate, and the chemical leaching time was controlled in 1 month.
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