CN113634592A - Ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN113634592A CN113634592A CN202110723792.5A CN202110723792A CN113634592A CN 113634592 A CN113634592 A CN 113634592A CN 202110723792 A CN202110723792 A CN 202110723792A CN 113634592 A CN113634592 A CN 113634592A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops, which comprises the following steps: a. sampling and analyzing soil; b. evaluating the pollution level according to the result of soil sampling analysis, and respectively selecting a scheme X for repairing by using crops, a scheme Y for repairing by using the crops and a scheme Z for repairing by using the crops according to the low, medium and high soil pollution levels evaluated; c. and (4) rechecking after the restoration is finished, replanting after the rechecking is qualified, rechecking when the rechecking is unqualified, and carrying out the restoration operation again, wherein when the rechecking is unqualified and the restoration operation is carried out again to select the scheme, the restoration scheme is selected by upgrading the pollution level to one level before the rechecking. The method solves the problem that the heavy metal polluted soil is not repaired according to a pollution grade scheme when the heavy metal polluted soil is repaired by a biological method, and simultaneously can solve the problem that the effect of repairing the heavy metal polluted soil by the biological method on the heavy polluted soil is poor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil remediation, in particular to an ecological remediation method for heavy metal soil by using crops.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollution refers to the phenomenon that heavy metal is directly or indirectly introduced into soil due to human activities, so that the heavy metal in the soil is obviously higher than the original content, the soil quality is deteriorated, the ecological environment quality is further deteriorated, and even certain indexes in crops exceed the national standard, and the soil heavy metal pollution mainly refers to the following phenomena: metal elements such As cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and metalloid elements such As arsenic (As).
The existing repair technology mainly comprises physical repair, chemical repair and biological repair, wherein the biological repair is commonly used, because the cost is low, the repair effect is better, the biological repair mainly aims at mild and moderate pollution, the effect is poorer for severe pollution, and the existing biological repair technology is generally not used for graded repair when used for repairing soil, so that the repair effect is further caused to be not as expected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops, which solves the problem that restoration is not carried out according to a pollution grade scheme when heavy metal polluted soil is restored by using a biological method, and can also solve the problem that the effect of restoring heavy metal polluted soil by using the biological method for the heavy polluted soil is poor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops comprises the following steps: a. sampling and analyzing soil; b. evaluating the pollution level according to the result of soil sampling analysis, and respectively selecting a scheme X for repairing by using crops, a scheme Y for repairing by using the crops and a scheme Z for repairing by using the crops according to the low, medium and high soil pollution levels evaluated; c. and (4) rechecking after the restoration is finished, replanting after the rechecking is qualified, rechecking when the rechecking is unqualified, and carrying out the restoration operation again, wherein when the rechecking is unqualified and the restoration operation is carried out again to select the scheme, the restoration scheme is selected by upgrading the pollution level to one level before the rechecking.
Soil pollution grade evaluation is carried out in advance before the selection of the remediation scheme, different schemes for utilizing crops to carry out remediation are adopted according to the evaluation result, the remediation effect can achieve the best, a rechecking step is further arranged, the remediation effect before planting can be ensured to be really achieved, in addition, a remediation method is designed aiming at severe soil heavy metal pollution, and the domestic blank in the aspect is filled.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil samples obtained in the soil sampling analysis are obtained from four sampling points of the soil to be restored and a sampling point of the center of the soil to be restored.
Therefore, the sampling accuracy can be ensured, and the condition that the evaluation grade is deviated due to the deviation of the sampling point is reduced.
As a further preference of the invention, each sampling point has a sampling depth of at least one layer.
This is also to further reduce the evaluation level to be biased.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scheme X for utilizing crops for restoration comprises the following steps: x1. ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; x2. ploughing, and planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; x3. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
In the face of low-level soil pollution, only need in the contaminated area mixed planting can the enrichment heavy metal element the plant can, mixed planting can all absorb comparatively evenly with various heavy metal ions in the soil, it is so that to turn over to plough in order to make the soil on deeper soil horizon turned over to the upper strata, because the heavy metal ion that deposits in the soil on deeper soil horizon is more generally speaking, make it be located the position on upper strata after turning over the cultivation like this, can be better by the plant absorption that can enrich the heavy metal element, the absorption capacity of the plant that can enrich the heavy metal element generally has the limit, so need, regular plant to the enrichment heavy metal element of planting can make the repairing effect better so just so change.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scheme Y for utilizing crops for restoration comprises the following steps: y1, ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; y2, after ploughing, planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; y3 planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area, and putting a proper amount of soil animals in the polluted area; y4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
Aiming at moderate heavy metal pollution, the absorption effect of common plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements is common, so soil animals are added, the soil animals refer to earthworms, spiders and the like, the earthworms have strong tolerance and enrichment capacity to heavy metal ions, and can play an enrichment role which is difficult to realize by other methods for the heavy metal ions in soil, the heavy metal ions in the soil animals are positively correlated with the content of the heavy metal ions in the soil, the soil animals can directly enrich the heavy metal ions by themselves, can also synergistically enrich the heavy metal ions with surrounding microorganisms and plants, and play a role similar to a catalyst in the heavy metal ions, such as the growth, the interpenetration and other activities of the animals such as the earthworms in the soil, can greatly accelerate the transfer speed of the microorganisms to the polluted soil, thereby promoting the soil restoration effect of the microorganisms, and soil animals can decompose and convert organic matters in the soil into organic acid, so that heavy metals in the soil are passivated and lose toxicity, and the effect of biological remediation is better in the face of moderate heavy metal pollution by adding the soil animals.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scheme Z for utilizing crops for restoration comprises the following steps: z1, establishing a repair isolation area at one end of the polluted area; z2. ploughing the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area, adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area while ploughing, and guiding most heavy metal elements in the contaminated area into the repair isolation area by using the electrodes after adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired; z3. leading most heavy metal elements in the polluted area to the remediation isolation area, planting plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements in the polluted area in a mixed manner, and simultaneously putting a proper amount of soil animals into the polluted area; z4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, regularly replacing the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements, and turning over the plants each time; and Z5, removing the plants which are planted for the last time and can be enriched with heavy metal elements, and putting a passivator into the polluted area for passivation treatment to finish the final repair.
In the face of severe heavy metal pollution, simple biological remediation has little effect, so the biological remediation is selected to be improved to be combined with a physical remediation method and a chemical remediation method, a remediation isolation area is firstly established, most of heavy metal ions in the polluted area are guided into the remediation isolation area by using an electrode, the dryness and humidity of the soil to be remediated are also adjusted before the electrode is used for guiding the heavy metal ions, thus the guiding effect of the electrode can reach the best state, plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are mixed and planted in the polluted area after most of the heavy metal elements in the polluted area are guided into the remediation isolation area, soil animals are put in, thus the heavy metal ions in the soil to be remediated in the polluted area can be removed to the greatest extent, and finally, the passivation treatment in the chemical remediation method is also used, further, the repairing effect of severe heavy metal pollution is better.
As a further optimization of the invention, the soil replacement treatment is carried out on the polluted soil which is rich in heavy metal elements in the remediation isolation area.
The soil replacement treatment here is also a physical remediation method because if soil is not replaced for the contaminated soil in the remediation isolation zone, the effect of electrode guiding is affected when remediation is to be performed again.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, when the passivating agent is thrown in step Z5, a passivating agent throwing pipeline buried deeply underground is used, and the passivating agent throwing pipeline includes a main pipe and branch pipes, and the passivating agent throwing pipelines are arranged in a mesh shape, and the number of the passivating agent throwing pipeline meshes is two or more.
The existing passivator is directly scattered on the surface in a common throwing mode, but the passivator buried underground in the application is thrown into a pipeline network with a deep utilization rate, so that the passivator cannot flow on the surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can at least achieve one of the following beneficial effects:
1. different treatment and remediation methods are specified for the pollution of the soil with different degrees, the effect is better, and the serious heavy metal polluted soil can be effectively remedied and remediated.
2. And a rechecking step is designed, so that the effect of repairing before planting is ensured to be really achieved.
3. The physical and chemical methods are combined for matching repair in the biological method repair, so that a better repair effect can be achieved.
4. The passivating agent pre-embedded in the soil is used for throwing the pipe network, so that the effect of the passivating agent is better, and more than two layers of passivating agent throwing pipe network can be arranged for ensuring the effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided not to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters refer to like items below, and thus once an item is defined, it need not be further defined and explained later.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the present invention is usually placed in when used, or the orientation or positional relationship that one skilled in the art would conventionally understand, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element that is referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Specific example 1:
an ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops comprises the following steps: a. sampling and analyzing soil; b. evaluating the pollution level according to the result of soil sampling analysis, and respectively selecting a scheme X for repairing by using crops, a scheme Y for repairing by using the crops and a scheme Z for repairing by using the crops according to the low, medium and high soil pollution levels evaluated; c. and (4) rechecking after the restoration is finished, replanting after the rechecking is qualified, rechecking when the rechecking is unqualified, and carrying out the restoration operation again, wherein when the rechecking is unqualified and the restoration operation is carried out again to select the scheme, the restoration scheme is selected by upgrading the pollution level to one level before the rechecking.
Soil pollution grade evaluation is carried out in advance before the selection of the remediation scheme, different schemes for utilizing crops to carry out remediation are adopted according to the evaluation result, the remediation effect can achieve the best, a rechecking step is further arranged, the remediation effect before planting can be ensured to be really achieved, in addition, a remediation method is designed aiming at severe soil heavy metal pollution, and the domestic blank in the aspect is filled.
Specific example 2:
this embodiment is further described with reference to embodiment 1, in which soil samples are taken from four sampling points of the land to be restored and a sampling point of the central position of the land to be restored.
Therefore, the sampling accuracy can be ensured, and the condition that the evaluation grade is deviated due to the deviation of the sampling point is reduced.
Specific example 3:
this example further illustrates the sampling based on the specific example 2, wherein each sampling point has at least more than one sampling depth.
This is also to further reduce the evaluation level to be biased.
Specific example 4:
this embodiment is further described with reference to embodiment 1, wherein the solution X for repairing crops includes the following steps: x1. ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; x2. ploughing, and planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; x3. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
In the face of low-level soil pollution, only need in the contaminated area mixed planting can the enrichment heavy metal element the plant, so to turn over to plough for the soil of messenger's deeper soil horizon is turned over to the upper strata, because the heavy metal ion that deposits in the soil of deeper soil horizon is more generally speaking, make it be located the position of upper strata after turning over the cultivation like this, can be better by the plant absorption that can enrich the heavy metal element, the absorbed quantity of the plant that can enrich the heavy metal element generally has the limit, so need, regular can make the repair effect better so to changing the plant that can enrich the heavy metal element of planting.
Specific example 5:
this example further illustrates a scheme Y for restoring crops based on the specific example 1, wherein the scheme Y for restoring crops comprises the following steps: y1, ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; y2, after ploughing, planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; y3 planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area, and putting a proper amount of soil animals in the polluted area; y4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
Aiming at moderate heavy metal pollution, the absorption effect of common plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements is common, so soil animals are added, the soil animals refer to earthworms, spiders and the like, the earthworms have strong tolerance and enrichment capacity to heavy metal ions, and can play an enrichment role which is difficult to realize by other methods for the heavy metal ions in soil, the heavy metal ions in the soil animals are positively correlated with the content of the heavy metal ions in the soil, the soil animals can directly enrich the heavy metal ions by themselves, can also synergistically enrich the heavy metal ions with surrounding microorganisms and plants, and play a role similar to a catalyst in the heavy metal ions, such as the growth, the interpenetration and other activities of the animals such as the earthworms in the soil, can greatly accelerate the transfer speed of the microorganisms to the polluted soil, thereby promoting the soil restoration effect of the microorganisms, and soil animals can decompose and convert organic matters in the soil into organic acid, so that heavy metals in the soil are passivated and lose toxicity, and the effect of biological remediation is better in the face of moderate heavy metal pollution by adding the soil animals.
Specific example 6:
this embodiment is further described with reference to embodiment 1, wherein the solution Z for restoring crops includes the following steps: z1, establishing a repair isolation area at one end of the polluted area; z2. ploughing the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area, adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area while ploughing, and guiding most heavy metal elements in the contaminated area into the repair isolation area by using the electrodes after adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired; z3. leading most heavy metal elements in the polluted area to the remediation isolation area, planting plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements in the polluted area in a mixed manner, and simultaneously putting a proper amount of soil animals into the polluted area; z4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, regularly replacing the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements, and turning over the plants each time; and Z5, removing the plants which are planted for the last time and can be enriched with heavy metal elements, and putting a passivator into the polluted area for passivation treatment to finish the final repair.
In the face of severe heavy metal pollution, simple biological remediation has little effect, so the biological remediation is selected to be improved to be combined with a physical remediation method and a chemical remediation method, a remediation isolation area is firstly established, most of heavy metal ions in the polluted area are guided into the remediation isolation area by using an electrode, the dryness and humidity of the soil to be remediated are also adjusted before the electrode is used for guiding the heavy metal ions, thus the guiding effect of the electrode can reach the best state, plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are mixed and planted in the polluted area after most of the heavy metal elements in the polluted area are guided into the remediation isolation area, soil animals are put in, thus the heavy metal ions in the soil to be remediated in the polluted area can be removed to the greatest extent, and finally, the passivation treatment in the chemical remediation method is also used, further, the repairing effect of severe heavy metal pollution is better.
Specific example 7:
in this embodiment, the remediation isolation region is further described on the basis of specific embodiment 6, and soil replacement treatment is performed on contaminated soil which is rich in heavy metal elements in the remediation isolation region.
The soil replacement treatment here is also a physical remediation method because if soil is not replaced for the contaminated soil in the remediation isolation zone, the effect of electrode guiding is affected when remediation is to be performed again.
Specific example 8:
in this embodiment, Z5 is further described on the basis of specific embodiment 6, when the passivating agent is thrown in step Z5, a passivating agent throwing pipeline buried deeply underground is used, the passivating agent throwing pipeline includes a main pipe and branch pipes, the passivating agent throwing pipelines are arranged in a mesh shape, and the number of the passivating agent throwing pipeline meshes is two or more.
The existing passivator is directly scattered on the surface in a common throwing mode, but the passivator buried underground in the application is thrown into a pipeline network with a deep utilization rate, so that the passivator cannot flow on the surface.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a. sampling and analyzing soil; b. evaluating the pollution level according to the result of soil sampling analysis, and respectively selecting a scheme X for repairing by using crops, a scheme Y for repairing by using the crops and a scheme Z for repairing by using the crops according to the low, medium and high soil pollution levels evaluated; c. and (4) rechecking after the restoration is finished, replanting after the rechecking is qualified, rechecking when the rechecking is unqualified, and carrying out the restoration operation again, wherein when the rechecking is unqualified and the restoration operation is carried out again to select the scheme, the restoration scheme is selected by upgrading the pollution level to one level before the rechecking.
2. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 1, wherein: soil samples obtained during soil sampling and analyzing are obtained from sampling points of four directions of the land to be restored and sampling points of the central position of the land to be restored.
3. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 2, wherein: each sampling point has at least more than one sampling depth.
4. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 1, wherein: the scheme X for utilizing the crops for repairing comprises the following steps: x1. ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; x2. ploughing, and planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; x3. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
5. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 1, wherein: the scheme Y for repairing crops comprises the following steps: y1, ploughing the polluted soil to be restored; y2, after ploughing, planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area; y3 planting plants capable of enriching heavy metal elements in the polluted area, and putting a proper amount of soil animals in the polluted area; y4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements are replaced regularly, and plowing is needed when replacing each time.
6. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 1, wherein: the scheme Z for repairing by utilizing crops comprises the following steps: z1, establishing a repair isolation area at one end of the polluted area; z2. ploughing the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area, adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired in the contaminated area while ploughing, and guiding most heavy metal elements in the contaminated area into the repair isolation area by using the electrodes after adjusting the humidity of the contaminated soil to be repaired; z3. leading most heavy metal elements in the polluted area to the remediation isolation area, planting plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements in the polluted area in a mixed manner, and simultaneously putting a proper amount of soil animals into the polluted area; z4. after the plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements grow to a certain degree, regularly replacing the planted plants capable of enriching the heavy metal elements, and turning over the plants each time; and Z5, removing the plants which are planted for the last time and can be enriched with heavy metal elements, and putting a passivator into the polluted area for passivation treatment to finish the final repair.
7. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 6, wherein: and (3) carrying out soil replacement treatment on the polluted soil rich in more heavy metal elements in the restoration isolation area.
8. The ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil using crops according to claim 6, wherein: and when the passivating agent is thrown in the step Z5, a passivating agent throwing pipeline deeply buried underground is utilized, the passivating agent throwing pipeline comprises a main pipe and branch pipes, the passivating agent throwing pipeline is arranged in a net shape, and the net number of the passivating agent throwing pipeline is more than two.
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Application publication date: 20211112 |