CN106613588A - Method for cyclically repairing cadmium-contaminated rice field and planting rice - Google Patents
Method for cyclically repairing cadmium-contaminated rice field and planting rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613588A CN106613588A CN201610976443.3A CN201610976443A CN106613588A CN 106613588 A CN106613588 A CN 106613588A CN 201610976443 A CN201610976443 A CN 201610976443A CN 106613588 A CN106613588 A CN 106613588A
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- rice
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- heavy metal
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- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cyclically repairing a cadmium-contaminated rice field and planting rice. A typical southern rice planting area with the soil heavy metal grade III (according to the evaluation method of the soil environment quality standard value GB 15618-1995) is selected, and the method comprises the following steps that 1, repairing is carried out, wherein an activation agent is applied into the planting area, hyperaccumulator is planted, and heavy metal cadmium is extracted through plants; 2, monitoring is carried out, wherein the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the planting area is dynamically monitored, and whether the planting area is suitable for rice planting or not is judged according to the content; 3, planting is carried out, wherein after the monitoring value reaches the standard, a passivator is applied, and rice planting is carried out; 4, cadmium content monitoring is carried out before each batch of rice is planted, after the cadmium content reaches the standard, the third step is executed, and if the cadmium content does not reach the standard, the first step is executed. According to the method for cyclically repairing the cadmium-contaminated rice field and planting the rice, the problem about rice field cadmium contamination is effectively solved, soil performance is improved, and the economic value of land in a repairing period is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reparation of Heavy Metals In Environment, is related to cadmium pollution removing, specially a kind of circulation is repaiied
Multiple cadmium pollution rice field and the method for rice cultivation.
Background technology
At present countries in the world heavy metals in farmland pollution remediation technology is mainly included physics, chemistry, biology, Agro-ecology and
Combined remediation technology etc., it is specific as follows：
First, peripheral doses technology
1st, engineering measure：Mainly by soil moved in improve the original, soil removal and replacement, numerous soil etc. of deep ploughing.Soil moved in improve the original and soil removal and replacement be mainly used in moving industrial and mineral factory this
Class seriously polluted area (general cadmium content >=1.0ppm), soil moved in improve the original and soil removal and replacement measure, have the advantages that it is thorough, stable, but quantities
Huge, investment is high, destructible soil structures, but also contaminated soil is carried out it is secondary focus on, be only applicable to facet
Product seriously polluted area repairing and treating.And deep plough and dig, (general cadmium content is less than to be generally used for this kind of slight pollution area in farmland
0.5ppm), its quantities is also larger, and investment is high, soil texture and fertility are had must destruction, or even water can be destroyed
The distinctive plough sole in field, and it is simply temporary heavy metal concentration is diluted by way of digging, without essence solve ask
Topic.
2nd, thermal desorption：The method mainly by being heat-treated to contaminated soil, by some low-boiling heavy metals such as Hg,
A kind of method that As, Se etc. are desorbed from soil.The method process is simple, effect is also preferable.But power consumption is big, expense
Height, there is considerable influence to soil environment, and is only applicable to the volatile pollutant of low boiling.It is this kind of for cadmium high boiling heavy
Metal, then do not apply to.
2nd, chemical remediation technology
1st, electro reclamation：Electro reclamation is to apply DC voltage in contaminated soil both sides, and heavy metal is being Zinc fractions electricity
Migrated to both sides in, then again soil electrode both sides carry out centralized collection process.The method is applied to the clay of hyposmosis
And silt soil, and heavy metal and organic pollution can be simultaneously removed, and soil layer is not stirred, it is simple to operate.But the method is easily led
Cause soil physico-chemical property change and cause the destruction of fertility, especially the change of the chemical form of certain plants nutrient and contain
Degenerating for amount, is not suitable for large-area farmland soil heavy metals reparation yet.
2nd, elution technique：Elution technique be by water or the agent that boils together (citric acid, EDTA, DTPA) containing rinse aid, acid/
The injection pollution of the eluents such as alkali (sulfuric acid, nitric acid), complexing agent (acetic acid, ammonium acetate, cyclodextrin), surfactant (SDS, SDBS)
In soil, the process of wash-out and the pollutant cleaned in soil.The key of the technology is to find with strong points and do not destroy soil
The leacheate of earth.The method is efficiently, quickly.But it is not suitable for large-area heavy metals in farmland reparation, and leacheate price
Costliness, the waste liquid after process is likely to result in secondary pollution.
3rd, stable/solidification recovery technique：Stable/solidification recovery technique is referred to either physically or chemically by soil
Heavy metal chemical property changes into torpescence state, prevents to be absorbed by plants, so as to the absorption for reducing plant heavy metal is enriched with.
Physical method mainly has high-temperature calcination into glassy state, or addition curing agent for example thermmohardening organic polymer, inorganic bond material,
Organic station knot material etc..Chemical method is typically arranged by adding Multimetal oxide, organic matter, macromolecule polymeric material etc.
Apply.Stable/solidification recovery technique belongs to in-situ immobilization, simple easily shape, but is not a kind of permanent reclamation activities, simply changes
The existing forms of heavy metal, metallic element is remained in soil, and easily again activation produces secondary pollution.
3rd, bioremediation technology
1st, phytoremediation：Phytoremediation is to grow up early 1980s, is a kind of growth using nature or something lost
Pass cultivate Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals technology general name according to its mechanism of action, the technology mainly include plant stability,
Phytovolatilization and plant extract.Phytoremediation is advantageously implemented the unification of ecological and environmental benefit, more friendly to ecological environment.
But its cycle length, high cost, effect manifest slowly, promote difficulty it is big.
2nd, microorganism remediation：Biological prosthetic is to be adsorbed using active microorganism heavy metal or be converted into low toxicity product, from
And reduce heavy metal pollution degree.Bacterial classification for repairing mainly has bacterium, fungi and actinomyces.At present, microorganism
Reparation is the technology of most development potentiality and application prospect, but microorganism individuality is small, it is difficult to from soil separate, also exist with
Repair live indigenous strain competition etc..Therefore, high efficient strain is tamed and is screened, strain library is built, optimum organization recovery technique is (such as
Animal-microorganism, plant-microorganism etc.), will be the emphasis of future studies.
4th, Agro-ecology recovery technique
Agro-ecology recovery technique mainly includes agronomy reclamation activities and ecological reestablishment, and agronomy reclamation activities is mainly
By changing cropping pattern, crop varieties are adjusted, plantation does not enter the plant of food chain, and selection can reduce heavy metal pollution of soil
Chemical fertilizer, or enrich and can fix the measures such as the fertilizer of heavy metal to reduce heavy metal pollution of soil.Restoration of the ecosystem is by adjusting
The ecological factor such as soil moisture, nutrient, pH value and redox state and gas epidemic disaster, realizes to ring residing for pollutant
The regulation and control of border medium.Agro-ecology recovery technique cost is relatively low, it is less to soil environment disturbance the advantages of, but put into big, repair
Cycle is long, and effect manifests slowly, is affected greatly by surrounding enviroment.
5th, combined remediation technology
The more United Technologies of front research include bio combined technology, physical chemistry United Technologies and physical chemistry-biology
United Technologies.For example ciliate desert-grass-microbial association is to As pollution remediation technologies, chemical reagent drip washing -- fixative recovery technique,
Exchange electric field-EDDS chelating agent recovery techniques, interplanting-chemical leaching recovery technique etc..United Technologies have been carried out correlation and have been ground
Study carefully, but not large-scale application, but it is most to develop most promising most promising new technology, is following farmland weight
The most developing direction that metal or even other pollutants are repaired.
Cadmium：Cadmium is mainly derived from cadmium ore deposit, smeltery.Because cadmium it is of the same clan with zinc, often with zinc symbiosis, thus smelt zinc emission
In must have ZnO, CdO, their high volatilities can involve thousands of rice remote centered on pollution sources.Cadmium industrial wastewater irrigated farmland
It is the important sources of cadmium pollution.Cadmium is accumulated by adsorption by soil, the typically soil horizon in 0-15cm, and below 15cm contents significantly subtract
It is few.Cadmium in soil exists with the form of CdCO3, Cd (PO4) 2 and Cd (OH) 2, wherein based on CdCO3, especially in PH>
In 7 calacareous soil, the form of the cadmium in soil can be divided into can be to state and replacement state, and they are easy to Transport And Transformation, and
Can be absorbed by plants, solvent cadmium is not accumulated in soil, be difficult to be absorbed by plants, but both the changes with environmental condition can be mutual
Conversion.
Above such method, effective cadmium reparation routinely can not be carried out to soil and is prevented, and due to
The applying of water and unqualified fertilizer in environment can cause the enrichment of Cadmium in Soil, and the cadmium pollution for eventually increasing rice field is even super
Mark, ultimately results in paddy rice unqualified.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for problem above, there is provided the side of a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation and rice cultivation
Method a, difficult problem for effectively solving cadmium pollution improves soil function, improves the economic worth in reparation phase soil.
To realize object above, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
Planting base selects：Base selection soil heavy metal cadmium is three-level (according to standard of soil environment quality value (GB
Evaluation method 15618-1995)) rice field, long-term rice cultivation, physical features is flat, and farmland has good escape canal and water
The function of source supply, without chemical enterprise and paddy rice farmland is within 2 kilometers of periphery, is typical south rice planting area.
Its technical method is：A kind of method for circulating restoring cadmium polluted rice field and rice cultivation, step is as follows：
(1) repair the phase：Soil heavy metal cadmium be three-level (according to standard of soil environment quality value (GB 15618-1995)
Evaluation method) paddy soil in apply soil activating agent, while reducing adjusting pH value, plant super enrichment cadmium plant, and
Harmless treatment is done to harvested plant；
(2) heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content in dynamic monitoring rice field；
(3) planting season：It is two grades or one-level (according to standard of soil environment quality value GB 15618- in soil heavy metal cadmium
1995 evaluation method) paddy soil in apply soil conditioner, while improving pH value, and rice cultivation；
Planting simultaneously, the dissolubility of heavy metal cadmium in rice field is being improved by applying heavy metal cadmium activator；By applying
The pH value for repairing interim rice field is reduced with heavy metal cadmium activator；The plantation is adjusted by applying heavy metal cadmium passivator
The pH value in interim rice field；Adsorb the heavy metal cadmium in rice field in the planting season by applying heavy metal cadmium adsorbent；By applying
Microorganism fungus kind in microbial manure absorbs the heavy metal cadmium in rice field in the planting season；
The microorganism fungus kind of described composite microbiological fertilizer addition is bacillus >=0.2 hundred million cfu/g；
The heavy metal cadmium passivator amount of application be 100～150kg/ of perlite mus/stubble, composite microbiological fertilizer 40-
50kg/ mus/stubble, 5～8kg/ of zinc-amino acid chelate mus/stubble, 5～10kg/ of siliceous fertilizer mus/stubble, 100～150kg/ of bentonite mus/stubble.
Further, the heavy metal cadmium activator is the mixture or acetic acid residue of amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag and ammonium sulfate
With the mixture or the mixture for amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag, acetic acid residue and ammonium sulfate of ammonium sulfate.
Further, the first scheme is, the heavy metal cadmium activator, fertilizer, heavy metal cadmium passivator and adsorbent
Middle Cd≤0.2mg/kg, the heavy metal cadmium activator amount of application is amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag 300～500kg/ mus/stubble and sulfuric acid
40～80kg/ of ammonium mus/stubble.
Further, second scheme is, the heavy metal cadmium activator amount of application be acetic acid slag 300～500kg/ mus/
Stubble and 40～80kg/ of ammonium sulfate mus/stubble；
Further, the third scheme is, the heavy metal cadmium activator amount of application be acetic acid slag 150～250kg/ mus/
Stubble, acetic acid residue 150～250kg/ mus/stubble and 40～80kg/ of ammonium sulfate mus/stubble.
Further, in the dynamic monitoring rice field heavy metal cadmium content frequency be stubble/time, sampling scope take for 9
Sampling point/mu, adopts diagonal uniform sampling in per mu.
Further, pH value≤6.0 for repairing interim rice field.
Further, the pH value in rice field is 6.2～8.0 in the planting season.
Further, the heavy metal cadmium passivator is perlite, bentonite, composite microbiological fertilizer, quick lime, siliceous fertilizer
Or one or more in zinc-amino acid chelate.
Further, in the 3rd step：In planting process, comprise the steps：
(1), prepartion of land：Filed planning is specified, area and the irrigation canals and ditches position of field plot is determined；According to south custom kind
Plant method, first piles water by field, recycles rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while carrying out to rice terrace
Prepartion of land；Reach weeds in field all crushed and careless without upright work, high low head is less than 10cm in the unit cell of field；
(2), the selection of base manure, amount of application and fertilizing method：
1) fertilizer is selected：Base fertilizer selects heavy metal cadmium content in below 0.2mg/kg, and bacillus living number (cfu) is not low
In 0.2 hundred million/g, other indexs meet the composite microbiological fertilizer of the composite microbiological fertilizer standards of NY/T 798；Trace-element fertilizer
Select feed grade methionine zinc (GB/T 21694) and siliceous fertilizer (NY/T 797)；Soil conditioner selects heavy metal cadmium content to exist
Below 0.2kg/mg, other indexs meet the bentonite and perlite of the standards of GB/T 23349；
2) base fertilizer amount of application
| Base fertilizer title | Composite microbiological fertilizer | Zinc methionine | Siliceous fertilizer | Bentonite | Perlite |
| Consumption kg/ mus | 40～50 | 5～8 | 5～10 | 100～150 | 100～150 |
3) carry the last week paddy field is poured water (according to local season rice, two season rice or the triple cropping of rice planting habit), water
Position is maintained at 3cm or so, and above conditioner and fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields by consumption, is uniformly sprinkling upon paddy field surface, then using rotation
Cultivated machine carry out that stone is broken, fertilizer is mixed thoroughly again and plot it is smooth；
(3), rice transplanting：Rice transplanting or rice transplanting are carried out according to planting habit；
(4), field management；Carry out according to planting habit；
(5), the measure of the harvesting of paddy rice and yield and content of beary metal.
The inventive method is as follows in implementation process：
First stage soil remediation:The activation of soil heavy metal cadmium and plant extraction, plantation super enriching plant is (black nightshade, black
Wheat straw, calamus)
1st, prepartion of land：Filed planning is specified, area and the irrigation canals and ditches position of field plot is determined.First field water is discharged
It is complete, recycle rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while carrying out prepartion of land to field.Reach weeds in field
Whole is crushed and careless without upright work, and high low head is less than 10cm in the unit cell of field.
2nd, the selection and administration of heavy metal cadmium activator
1) selection of heavy metal cadmium activator：Select have can improve heavy metal cadmium Ion transfer ability so as to improve
Plant absorbs enrichment to it.For example apply the acidic materials such as amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag, acetic acid residue, ammonium sulfate.
2) administration of activator：According to the appropriate field of soil pH value, typically add to soil pH to less than 6.0, amount of application
About amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag 300-500kg/ mus/stubble, ammonium sulfate 40-80kg/ mus/stubble or acetic acid slag 300-500kg/ mus/
Stubble, ammonium sulfate 40-80kg/ mus/stubble, or acetic acid slag 150～250kg/ mus/stubble, acetic acid residue 150～250kg/ mus/stubble, sulphur
Sour 40～80kg/ of ammonium mus/stubble.
3rd, the plantation of super enriching plant：
Rich water quality management is carried out according to the habit of super enriching plant, for example black nightshade and rye grass are suitable for nonirrigated farmland plantation,
Then carrying out nonirrigated farmland implantation methods carries out direct-seeding planting with management；And calamus is adapted to paddy field, then paddy planting is carried out with management.
4th, gather in
All aerial parts that super enriching plant is planted all are harvested, and are individually recycled, and no longer return agriculture
Field.
5th, the monitoring of soil：The annual end of the year is periodically sampled the content of detection heavy metal cadmium to soil, and records.
6th, after continuous plantation for many years, when heavy metal in soil cadmium content reaches two grades of standard of soil environment quality value even
During level (GB 15618-1995), then the normal plantation of second stage paddy rice is carried out.
Second stage Rice Cropping：The passivation and its plantation of paddy rice of rice field heavy metal
1st, prepartion of land：Filed planning is specified, area and the irrigation canals and ditches position of field plot is determined.Plant according to south custom
Method, first piles water by field, recycles rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while carrying out soil to rice terrace
Ground is smooth.Reach weeds in field all crushed and careless without upright work, high low head is less than 10cm in the unit cell of field.
2nd, the selection of base manure, amount of application and fertilizing method：
1) fertilizer is selected：Fertilizer is selected：Base fertilizer selects heavy metal cadmium content in below 0.2mg/kg, bacillus living number
(cfu) 0.2 hundred million/g is not less than, other indexs meet the composite microbiological fertilizer of the composite microbiological fertilizer standards of NY/T 798；It is micro-
Secondary element fertilizer selects feed grade methionine zinc (GB/T 21694) and siliceous fertilizer (NY/T 797)；Soil conditioner selects heavy metal
In below 0.2kg/mg, other indexs meet the bentonite and perlite of the standards of GB/T 23349 to cadmium content；
2) base fertilizer amount of application
| Base fertilizer title | Composite microbiological fertilizer | Zinc methionine | Siliceous fertilizer | Bentonite | Perlite |
| Consumption kg/ mus | 40～50 | 5～8 | 5～10 | 100～150 | 100～150 |
3) carry the last week paddy field is poured water (according to local season rice, two season rice or the triple cropping of rice planting habit), water
Position is maintained at 3cm or so, and above fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields by consumption, is uniformly sprinkling upon paddy field surface, then using rotary cultivator again
Carry out that stone is broken, fertilizer is mixed thoroughly and plot it is smooth.
3rd, rice transplanting：Rice transplanting or rice transplanting are carried out according to planting habit.
4th, field management：；Carry out according to planting habit.
1) moisture control：Selecting the water source of non-industrial and mineral pollution carries out field irrigation, and each three weeks before and after Rice Heading
The water layer in 2-3 centimetre of field face is kept, where water source supply difficulty, also to strive 10 days after heading keeping effective water
Layer.Other times carry out moisture control according to custom implantation methods.
2) selection topdressed and application process：The selection of later stage tillering fertilizer and ear manuer and its application process are according to conventional practice
Method is carried out, and the siliceous fertilizer of the zinc methionine and 5～10kg/ mus that are aided with 5～8kg/ mus in ear manuer in addition is spread fertilizer over the fields.
3) selection of foliage fertilizer and application process：Foliage fertilizer selects Zn content more than or equal to 50g/L and meets NY 1428
Trace element water-soluble fertilizer, every mu of 50ml～100ml, 5-7 days after Rice Heading florescence, blade face of foliage-spray
Fertilizer, sprays again once after a week.
4) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage：Guidance according to general planting custom or local clay fertilizer station carries out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage.
5th, the measure of the harvesting of paddy rice and yield and content of beary metal
1) gather in：Artificial or mechanical harvesting is carried out according to local general planting custom.
2) survey and produce：Harvesting is carried out in units of unit to go forward side by side luggage bag and numbering, and statistics of weighing is carried out respectively.
3) heavy metal cadmium content is determined：The paddy of numbering harvesting is limited the quantity according to the pollutants in food of standard GB 2762
Deliver to the qualified detection department heavy metal cadmium content of tool to be detected.
6th, the monitoring of heavy metal-polluted soil：The annual end of the year is periodically detected (by GB 15618- to soil heavy metal cadmium
1995), when content of beary metal is above standard two grades meets or exceeds three-level (GB 15618-1995), it is again introduced into first
Stage carries out the plantation of super enriching plant, until heavy metal in soil cadmium content reaches two grades of standard of soil environment quality value even
During one-level (GB 15618-1995), then the normal plantation for carrying out second stage paddy rice.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the total cadmium content of rice field heavy metal and effective cadmium content are reduced, Cadmium in Soil excessive problem is fundamentally solved.
2nd, farmland arable soil quality is not destroyed, it is environmentally friendly, law of nature is fully complied with, to arable land without destruction and dirt
Dye.
3rd, ensure that the farmland of heavy metal pollution can still produce larger benefit during reparation.
4th, reclamation activities is simple, invests little, without the need for large-scale processing equipment.
5th, can permanent retention heavy metal-polluted soil below normal line, do not rebound, can guarantee for a long time planting area grain a huge sum of money
The content limitation requirement of category cadmium.
7th, agricultural economy circulation is capable of achieving, ensures that generation must economic benefit in planting process.
8th, suitable for wide：Without the need for main equipment, it is adaptable to large-scale paddy fields.
9th, low cost：Put into without the need for high expense, it is economic and practical.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the general flow chart in the restoring cadmium polluted rice field of present invention circulation and rice cultivation.
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme, the present invention is retouched in detail below
State, the description of this part is only exemplary and explanatory, there should not be any restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
Experimental field：Changsha County in Hunan province green hill spreads town day Hua Cun.
Test kind：Early rice-Hunan early 143, late rice-Jin You 207.
Testing program：Test set 2 process altogether, respectively with same piece of land altogether averagely divide 6 regions, each process with
Machine is repeated 3 times, and each processes about 1 mu.Test is contrasted using experimental technique with traditional cultivation method.
Experiment process and test method：
Experimental group：One is processed, using a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation of the application and the method for rice cultivation；
Contrast groups：Two are processed, traditional cultivation method；
Experimental group, processes one as follows：
First, the early-stage preparations of test
1st, planting base selects：Base selection heavy metals in farmland cadmium content in below 0.5mg/kg, long-term rice cultivation, ground
Gesture is flat, and farmland has the function of good escape canal and water source supply, and without chemical enterprise and water is within 2 kilometers of periphery
Rice farmland, is typical south rice planting area.
2nd, the measure of pilot region heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content
Carry out at random adopting soil using S types route, adopt native depth 0-20cm.According to GB 15618-1995 soil environment qualities
Standard requires that heavy metal cadmium is detected.Detection data such as table 1 below：
The experimental plot soil environment quality survey of table 1
| Sample number into spectrum | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| pH | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 |
| Cadmium (mg/kg) | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.56 |
| Rank | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level | Three-level |
As shown in Table 1, the experimental field heavy metal cadmium of selection exceeded (>=0.30mg/kg), is not suitable for two grades of marks of agricultural production
It is accurate.So can select as experimental field.
3rd, the division of Experimental Area
6 regions are averagely divided, 2 process are set altogether, each processes about 1 mu, and makees ridge isolation and zone marker.
2nd, first stage soil remediation：The activation of the heavy metal cadmium in arable land and plant extraction
Time:In December, -2013 in March, 2010
1st, soil is smooth：
First field water is racked up, recycles rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while entering to field
Row prepartion of land.Reach weeds in field all crushed and careless without upright work, high low head is less than in the unit cell of field
10cm。
2nd, the administration of heavy metal cadmium activator
The administration of activator：Amount of application is amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag 400kg/ mus/stubble and acetic acid slag 500kg/ mus/stubble, then
With ammonium sulfate 80kg/ mus/stubble, soil pH most 5.8 is now determined.
3rd, the plantation of super enriching plant：
Black nightshade growth preference temperature is 22～30 DEG C, and the phase thermophilic that blossoms and bears fruit is 15～20 DEG C.Soil is required not sternly, to fit
Suitable soil pH value is 5.5～6.5, all can be cultivated throughout the year.
Broadcast sowing：Directly the seed of black nightshade is uniformly sowed to farmland, and covers one layer of straw, regularly poured, be allowed to
Naturally grow, when black nightshade starts withered, aerial part is carried out into whole harvestings.And then continue to phytosaur of being applied fertilizer and planted
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
4th, Evaluation On The Soil Environmental Quality
As a result the black nightshade of 3 years is continuously planted, and as a result determines the content statistics such as table 2 below of soil heavy metal cadmium：
The experimental plot soil environment quality survey of table 2
| Sample number into spectrum | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| pH | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
| Cadmium (mg/kg) | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.26 |
| Rank | Two grades | Two grades | Two grades | Two grades | Two grades | Three-level | Two grades | Two grades | Two grades |
From upper table 2, the as a result continuous plantation to soil treatment and its black nightshade in 3 years, soil environment quality has reached two
Level, meets secondary standard and ensures agricultural production requirement.
3rd, second stage Rice Cropping：
Time：In October, -2015 in April, 2014
Kind：Early rice-Hunan early 143, late rice-Jin You 207
1st, prepartion of land：Filed planning is specified, area and the irrigation canals and ditches position of field plot is determined.Plant according to south custom
Method, first piles water by field, recycles rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while carrying out soil to rice terrace
Ground is smooth.Reach weeds in field all crushed and careless without upright work, high low head is less than 10cm in the unit cell of field.
2nd, the selection of base manure, amount of application and fertilizing method：
1) fertilizer is selected：Base fertilizer selects heavy metal cadmium content in below 0.2mg/kg, bacillus subtilis and torrid zone vacation silk
Yeast viable count (cfu) is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g, and total nutrient is about 25% (10-7-8), and other indexs meet NY/T 798 and are combined
The composite microbiological fertilizer of standard of the microorganism manure；Trace-element fertilizer selects feed grade methionine zinc (GB/T 21694) and silicon
Fertile (NY/T 797)；Soil conditioner selects heavy metal cadmium content in below 0.5kg/mg, and other indexs meet GB/T 23349
The bentonite and perlite of standard；Fertilizer selects the whole plant made as raw material with rape cake, tea seed cake, wheat and maize straw
Source organic fertilizer material, total cadmium content is in below 0.2mg/kg and meets the standards of NY 525.
2) base fertilizer amount of application, is shown in Table 3
The base fertilizer amount of application of table 3
| Base fertilizer title | Composite microbiological fertilizer | Zinc methionine | Siliceous fertilizer | Bentonite | Perlite | Fertilizer |
| Consumption kg/ mus | 50 | 8 | 10 | 130 | 150 | 100 |
3) carry the last week paddy field is poured water (according to local season rice, two season rice planting habit), water level is maintained at 3cm
Left and right, above fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields by consumption, is uniformly sprinkling upon paddy field surface, is then carried out stone again using rotary cultivator and is broken
Broken, fertilizer mix thoroughly and plot it is smooth.
3rd, rice transplanting：Rice transplanting is carried out according to planting habit.
4th, field management：
1) moisture control：Selecting the water source of non-industrial and mineral pollution carries out field irrigation, and each three weeks before and after Rice Heading
The water layer in 2-3 centimetre of field face is kept, where water source supply difficulty, also to strive 10 days after heading keeping effective water
Layer.Other times carry out moisture control according to custom implantation methods.
2) selection topdressed and application process：The selection of later stage tillering fertilizer and ear manuer and its application process are according to conventional practice
Method is carried out, and the siliceous fertilizer of the zinc methionine and 5～10kg/ mus that are aided with 5～8kg/ mus in ear manuer in addition is spread fertilizer over the fields.
3) selection of foliage fertilizer and application process：Foliage fertilizer selects Zn content more than or equal to 50g/L and meets NY 1428
Trace element water-soluble fertilizer, every mu of 90ml, 5-7 days after Rice Heading florescence, foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray, per mu
90ml, sprays again once after a week.
4) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage：Guidance according to general planting custom or local clay fertilizer station carries out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage.
5th, the measure of the harvesting of paddy rice and yield and content of beary metal
1) gather in：Mechanical harvesting is carried out according to local general planting custom.
2) survey and produce：Harvesting is carried out in units of unit to go forward side by side luggage bag and numbering, and statistics of weighing is carried out respectively.
3) heavy metal cadmium content is determined：The paddy of numbering harvesting is limited the quantity according to the pollutants in food of standard GB 2762
Deliver to the qualified detection department heavy metal cadmium content of tool to be detected.
6th, the monitoring of heavy metal-polluted soil：The annual end of the year is periodically detected (by GB 15618- to soil heavy metal cadmium
1995), when content of beary metal is above standard two grades meets or exceeds three-level (GB 15618-1995), it is again introduced into first
Stage carries out the plantation of super enriching plant, until heavy metal in soil cadmium content reaches two grades of standard of soil environment quality value even
During one-level (GB 15618-1995), then the normal plantation for carrying out second stage paddy rice.
4th, data statistics and analysis, are shown in Table 4
The data statistics of table 4
Can be seen that by table 2, the statistics of table 4：
1st, through the plantation of 3 years many batches of black nightshades, the pH in farmland has significantly reduction, is conducive to activating heavy metal every must be living
Property, promote absorption and extraction of the follow-up black nightshade to cadmium.(table 2)
2nd, through the plantation of 3 years many batches of black nightshades, the heavy metal cadmium content in agricultural land soil has significantly reduction, by heavy metal
The exceeded near requirement for reaching suitable farmland production secondary standard of cadmium.(table 2)
3rd, during follow-up Rice Cropping, by apply composite microbiological fertilizer, zinc methionine, siliceous fertilizer, bentonite,
After perlite and fertilizer, the pH of soil has been effectively obtained raising, recovers to the solutions of weak acidity of suitable Rice Cropping.(table
4)
4th, during follow-up Rice Cropping, soil pH has obtained effective raising, also reduces soil heavy metal cadmium
Activity, reduce paddy rice heavy metal cadmium absorption.(table 4)
5th, repair with the method planted compared with custom implantation methods through circulation：Impact to per mu yield is not produced significantly
Affect；But the cadmium content in soil is but repaired, the requirement of suitable farmland production secondary standard has been reached；Generate simultaneously
Rice out has also reached the limitation requirement of national food safety standard.(table 4)
The description of test：The pollution amelioration with the method planted to rice terrace heavy metal cadmium is repaired using the circulation of the patent
There is obvious effect.
Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle and embodiment of the present invention, the explanation of above example
It is only intended to help and understands the method for the present invention and its core concept.The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should
When pointing out due to the finiteness of literal expression, and objectively there is unlimited concrete structure, for the common skill of the art
For art personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement, retouching or change can also be made, it is also possible to will
Above-mentioned technical characteristic is combined by rights；These improve retouching, change or combine, or the not improved structure by invention
Think and technical scheme directly applies to other occasions, be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) repair the phase：Soil heavy metal cadmium be three-level (according to commenting for standard of soil environment quality value (GB 15618-1995)
Valency method) paddy soil in apply soil activating agent, while reducing adjusting pH value, plant super enrichment cadmium plant, and to receiving
Plant after cutting is cooked harmless treatment；
(2) heavy metal-polluted soil cadmium content in dynamic monitoring rice field；
(3) planting season：It is two grades or one-level (according to standard of soil environment quality value GB 15618-1995 in soil heavy metal cadmium
Evaluation method) paddy soil in apply soil conditioner, while improving pH value, and rice cultivation,
Planting simultaneously, the dissolubility of heavy metal cadmium in rice field is being improved by applying heavy metal cadmium activator；By applying weight
Cadmium metal activator reduces the pH value for repairing interim rice field；Adjusted in the planting season by applying heavy metal cadmium passivator
The pH value in rice field；Adsorb the heavy metal cadmium in rice field in the planting season by applying heavy metal cadmium adsorbent；By applying micro- life
Microorganism fungus kind in thing fertilizer absorbs the heavy metal cadmium in rice field in the planting season；
The microorganism fungus kind of described composite microbiological fertilizer addition is bacillus >=0.2 hundred million cfu/g；
The heavy metal cadmium passivator amount of application be 100～150kg/ of perlite mus/stubble, composite microbiological fertilizer 40-50kg/
Mu/stubble, 5～8kg/ of zinc-amino acid chelate mus/stubble, 5～10kg/ of siliceous fertilizer mus/stubble, 100～150kg/ of bentonite mus/stubble.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heavy metal cadmium activator be amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag with
The mixture or acetic acid residue of ammonium sulfate and the mixture of ammonium sulfate or for amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag, acetic acid residue and ammonium sulfate
Mixture.
3. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 2 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
State Cd≤0.2mg/kg in heavy metal cadmium activator, fertilizer, heavy metal cadmium passivator and adsorbent, the heavy metal cadmium activator
Amount of application is amino acid (monosodium glutamate) slag 300～500kg/ mus/stubble and 40～80kg/ of ammonium sulfate mus/stubble.
4. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 2 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
Heavy metal cadmium activator amount of application is stated for acetic acid slag 300～500kg/ mus/stubble and 40～80kg/ of ammonium sulfate mus/stubble.
5. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 2 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
Heavy metal cadmium activator amount of application is stated for acetic acid slag 150～250kg/ mus/stubble, acetic acid residue 150～250kg/ mus/stubble and sulfuric acid
40～80kg/ of ammonium mus/stubble.
6. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 1 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
State heavy metal cadmium content in dynamic monitoring rice field frequency be stubble/time, sampling scope be 9 sample point/mus, adopt in per mu
Diagonal uniform sampling.
7. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 1 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
State pH value≤6.0 for repairing interim rice field.
8. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 1 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
The pH value for stating rice field in planting season is 6.2～8.0.
9. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 1 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that institute
Heavy metal cadmium passivator is stated in perlite, bentonite, composite microbiological fertilizer, quick lime, siliceous fertilizer or zinc-amino acid chelate
One or more.
10. the method for a kind of restoring cadmium polluted rice field of circulation according to claim 1 and rice cultivation, it is characterised in that
In the 3rd step：In planting process, comprise the steps：
(1), prepartion of land：Filed planning is specified, area and the irrigation canals and ditches position of field plot is determined；According to south custom plantation side
Method, first piles water by field, recycles rotary cultivator to carry out crushing weeds and its soil block, while carrying out soil to rice terrace
It is smooth；Reach weeds in field all crushed and careless without upright work, high low head is less than 10cm in the unit cell of field；
(2), the selection of base manure, amount of application and fertilizing method：
1) fertilizer is selected：Base fertilizer selects heavy metal cadmium content in below 0.2mg/kg, and bacillus living number (cfu) is not less than
0.2 hundred million/g, other indexs meet the composite microbiological fertilizer of the composite microbiological fertilizer standards of NY/T 798；Trace-element fertilizer is selected
Select feed grade methionine zinc (GB/T 21694) and siliceous fertilizer (NY/T 797)；Soil conditioner selects heavy metal cadmium content to exist
Below 0.2kg/mg, other indexs meet the bentonite and perlite of the standards of GB/T 23349；
2) base fertilizer amount of application
3) carry the last week paddy field is poured water (according to local season rice, two season rice or the triple cropping of rice planting habit), water level is protected
Hold in 3cm or so, above conditioner and fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields by consumption, paddy field surface is uniformly sprinkling upon, then using rotary cultivator
Carry out that stone is broken, fertilizer is mixed thoroughly again and plot it is smooth；
(3), rice transplanting：Rice transplanting or rice transplanting are carried out according to planting habit；
(4), field management；Carry out according to planting habit；
(5), the measure of the harvesting of paddy rice and yield and content of beary metal.
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| CN110893413A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-20 | 西北师范大学 | Method for restoring cadmium-polluted soil by utilizing in-situ activation, passivation and high-accumulation crops |
| CN110746228A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-04 | 中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心 | Fertilizer suitable for rice and preparation method and application thereof |
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