CN109089795A - A kind of efficient high-yield rice implantation methods for reducing cadmium content in rice - Google Patents
A kind of efficient high-yield rice implantation methods for reducing cadmium content in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089795A CN109089795A CN201810765860.2A CN201810765860A CN109089795A CN 109089795 A CN109089795 A CN 109089795A CN 201810765860 A CN201810765860 A CN 201810765860A CN 109089795 A CN109089795 A CN 109089795A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-yield rice implantation methods for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, the selecting of low Cd accumulation kind that the method comprising the steps of, soil remediation and a variety of agronomic measures.The present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in the rice planted in cadmium pollution rice soil, have and be simple and efficient, feature without secondary pollution.The present invention has both the advantages of promoting rice yield, and yield is improved while promoting rice quality, improves plantation economic benefit, is suitble to the low cadmium eating rice production of cadmium pollution paddy fields, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agriculture science, in particular to a kind of high-yield rice for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice
Implantation methods.
Background technique
Heavy metal refer to specific gravity be greater than 4 or 5 metal, there are about 45 kinds, as copper, cadmium, zinc, iron, cobalt, cadmium, manganese, cadmium, cadmium,
Tungsten, aluminium, gold, silver etc..The heavy metals such as cadmium, manganese, copper, zinc are microelements required for vital movement, but all heavy metals are more than
A certain concentration is all toxic to human body.
China nearly 20,000,000 hectares of the cultivated area of the heavy metal pollutions such as Pb, is accounted for the 1/5 of total area under cultivation by Cd, As, Cr
Left and right, total economic loss are at least up to 20,000,000,000 yuan.The Cd content of domestic some regions rice soil severely exceeds oneself and is reached production
The pollution level of good fortune rice, sea sand river as above irrigated area, Hengyang, Hunan Province and Zhuzhou etc. are regional.Rice is the staple food crop in China,
Hunan Province is the rice main producing region in China, and very important status is occupied in the grain-production safety in China in recent years, with
Soil Cd content excessive problem is got worse, and brown rice Cd content is more than the successive emersion of pollution problem of the national standard of 0.2mg/kg
The water surface.It receives much attention accordingly, with respect to the application study in terms of rice Cd pollution control technology.
Cadmium (Cd) is human body non-essential element, the heavy metal element one of toxic to people and animals and plants, and European Union is by cadmium
Height is classified as to endanger noxious material and carcinogen and can be managed.China is the world's largest primary cadmium metal producing region, is accounted for complete
30% or so of ball total output.In recent years, discharge, sewage irrigation and the pesticide containing cadmium, chemical fertilizer of industry " two is useless " is unreasonable
It uses, soil acidification promotes the conversion etc. of effective cadmium, causes part agricultural product cadmium content exceeded.Rice be main aggrieved crop it
One, not only growth and development is impacted, yield and quality decline, and the cadmium accumulated in the grain having exceeds national limit standard number
Times, people is eaten for a long time this " cadmium rice " meeting and faces the risk of slow poisoning.The 1950s to the seventies, the Fushan Mountain Mu city mind
" Itai-itai diseases " that the basin Tong Chuan occurs mainly are eaten for a long time caused by the paddy gone out produced in high cadmium soil.
Rice has the habit of enriching heavy metal, is to absorb the strongest large cereal crops of cadmium ability, so that rice Cd is dirty
Dye than more serious, become be with rice main anthropophagy group main source of exposure, therefore, control Rice Kernel Cd accumulation is to improve rice
The key of quality safety level, also important directions of quality of rice security study.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of high-yield rice implantation methods for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, dirty for current Cadmium in Soil
It is wide to contaminate area, thus the rice cadmium pollution of plant development is than more serious, the problem of seriously affecting yield of brown rice and quality, passes through and is
The implantation methods of system block rice to Cadmium accumulation, reduce the cadmium content in rice, promote yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below:
A kind of efficient high-yield rice implantation methods for reducing cadmium content in rice, comprise the following steps:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, and the rice of different cultivars planted on a small scale in cadmium pollution rice soil,
Rice plant biomass and cadmium bio-concentration factor are measured after harvest, choose that biomass is relatively high but cadmium concentration coefficient relatively
One or two low kind carries out subsequent plantation；
(2) pH of rice soil is promoted to 6.5~7.5 using soil conditioner, plants Leersia Sw, is gone completely after 4 months
It is spare after Soil tillage except Leersia Sw；
(3) carry out seedling cultivation of rice in free of contamination artificial substratum, three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly when transplant to big Tanaka and plant, kind
Matched using pig manure fermentation object with chemical fertilizer during planting and applied, chemical fertilizer includes urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, base fertilizer use pig manure fermentation
Object, 45kg/ mus of ratio applications, ear manuer are spread fertilizer over the fields using chemical fertilizer by 8kg/ mus；
(4) use of siliceous fertilizer, soil apply siliceous fertilizer by 25kg/ mus in transplanting first three days spread fertilizer over the fields with native table and with 2~5cm of surface layer soil
Earth mixes, then 4~6cm of waterflooding；Foliage silicon fertilizer respectively sprays once in jointing stage and boot stage, 80g/ mus of applications, fountain height 10kg/
Mu；
(5) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 5d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.3T, flow velocity 3m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then irrigated
Magnetized water is irrigated 7 times altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period, was irrigated every 7~10 days primary to 3~5cm of the depth of water；The irrigation water is
Surface water Group III, pH6.8；
(6) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
Preferably, the soil conditioner includes that the parts by weight of component are as follows: 10 parts of peat, 6 parts of sepiolite, lime stone 14
Part, 10 parts of clinoptilolite, 10 parts of dolomite, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, purple cloud
25 parts, 15 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose of the decomposed object of English.
Preferably, the soil applies effective silicon SiO2 20~25% in siliceous fertilizer, calcium oxide 15~25%, and K2O 1.5~
2.5%, MgO 3.5~4.5%.
Preferably, the foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 45~60%.
Preferably, the pig manure fermentation object the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pig manure water content is down to 75% using mechanical dehydration, mixes the rice straw of pollution-free regional output, stalk
It is 4:3 with pig manure weight ratio, controls the water content to fermentation materials 55%, adjust pH to 7.0~7.5 with calcium superphosphate；
(2) it will enter in fermentation tank to fermentation materials heap, and turn over throwing after the bacillus laterosporus microbial inoculum of addition 6~8 ‰, winter is every
Stirring is primary within 3 days, and summer, stirring was primary every other day, and fermentation time is winter 21 days, summer 10 days；
(3) the decomposed object of pig manure is transported into fermentation tank, continue at cool place is dry to bank up 5 days it is spare.
Preferably, the paddy seedling culture method are as follows:
For 24 hours with 1.1% hydrogen peroxide treatment by rice paddy seed, it is cleaned with distilled water and is placed on 28 DEG C of germinating box vernalization, revealed
Carry out nursery after white in sowing and the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is 1:7.
It is further preferred that the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is that 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric pair
It steams water to mix, pH is 5.0~5.5.
Preferably, the ear manuer is urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, weight ratio are as follows: urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=1:4:4.
It is that the present invention obtains the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in cadmium pollution growing area output rice, and Cd content reduces respectively in brown rice
88.3%, 76.1% and 84.1%, the Cd content in polished rice reduces 89.1%, 82.8%, 89.0% respectively.The present invention has both
The advantages of promoting rice yield improves yield while promoting rice quality, improve plantation economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1:
The cadmium pollution field P in soil H5.4 of rice cultivation, brown color soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, the method is as follows:
(A) dragon two excellent 237, imperial section 3, an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books is fragrant excellent 822, river in Zhejiang Province is excellent 7753, river in Zhejiang Province is excellent 25, R silver accounts for, an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books perfume (or spice) grace accounts for, dragon
Cultivate 203, dragon cultivate 202, imperial round-grained rice 61, excellent No. 2 long, elegant water 14 totally 12 common rices or conventional rice as selecting range；
(B) by rice paddy seed with 1.1% hydrogen peroxide treatment for 24 hours, with distilled water clean be placed on 28 DEG C of germinating box vernalization,
It is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out nursery, perlite and nutrient solution with the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution
Weight ratio be 1:7.
(C) when rice seedling three leaves occurs wholeheartedly, seedling is taken out, root system is gently cleaned with clear water, is then selected
The consistent transplantation of seedlings of growing way is to being equipped in the flowerpot of 500g dry ground.Test 2 repetitions of setting, 2 plants of every basin harvest after cultivating 40d.
(D) when harvesting, first rice plant is cleaned completely with tap water, to remove the exchangeable species for being adhered to plant root table
Cd, test exchange 20min with 20mM EDTA-2Na, are then rinsed with deionized water, in 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min of baking oven, then 80
It DEG C dries to constant weight, measures whole plant dry matter weight.After culture experiment expires, soil sample is uniformly collected, is air-dried, it is spare to cross 2mm sieve；
(E) HNO is used3-H2O2Cd content in atomic absorption spectrometry measurement rice plant after micro-wave digestion；Soil-like
This carries out available state Cd using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:Varian AA 240FS+GTA)
Assay.
(F) cadmium bio-concentration factor (the results are shown in Table 1) is calculated, formula is as follows:
Available state Cd content in Cd content/soil sample in cadmium bio-concentration factor (BCFs)=rice plant is comprehensive
Amount of dry matter and bio-concentration factor finally choose " imperial section 3 " and are used as varieties of plant.
(2) preparation of soil conditioner: by 10 parts of peat, 6 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of lime stone, 10 parts of clinoptilolite, white clouds
10 parts of stone, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, 25 parts of the decomposed object of Chinese milk vetch, carboxymethyl are fine
Plain 15 parts of the sodium of dimension is sufficiently mixed rear spare.
(3) soil conditioner is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 50kg/ mus of ratio, using soil conditioner by rice soil
PH is promoted to 6.9, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 110 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months, it is spare after Soil tillage；
(4) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.3, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is 1:7 preparation artificial breeding matrix, and according to the method nursery of step 1B.
(5) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 51~
61 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 180 plants, seeding row spacing 17cm × 19cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.5m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(6) prepared by organic fertilizer:
(a) pig manure water content is down to 75% using mechanical dehydration, mixes the rice straw of pollution-free regional output, stalk
It is 4:3 with pig manure weight ratio, controls the water content to fermentation materials 55%, adjust pH to 7.0~7.5 with calcium superphosphate；
(b) it will enter in fermentation tank to fermentation materials heap, and turn over throwing after the bacillus subtilis microbial agent of addition 7 ‰, winter every 3 days
Stirring is primary, and summer, stirring was primary every other day, and fermentation time is winter 21 days, summer 10 days；
(c) the decomposed object of pig manure is transported into fermentation tank, continue at cool place is dry to bank up 5 days it is spare.
(7) matched using pig manure fermentation object with chemical fertilizer in planting process and applied, base fertilizer uses pig manure fermentation object, 45kg/ mus of ratios
Application, ear manuer use urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=1:4:4 proportion uses, and spreads fertilizer over the fields by 8kg/ mus；
(8) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 25kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 3cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 5cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 80g/ mus of applications, 10kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer222.5%, calcium oxide 20%, K2O
2%, MgO 4%；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 53%.
(9) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 5d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.3T, flow velocity 3m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then irrigated
Magnetized water is irrigated 7 times altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period, was irrigated every 9 days primary to 3~5cm of the depth of water；The irrigation water is earth's surface
Water Group III, pH6.8；
(10) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
(11) after the maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2Atomic absorption spectrum after O micro-wave digestion
Measuring method measures the Cd content in seed.
Embodiment 2:
Selection rice varieties " excellent 25 " in river in Zhejiang Province are used as eating rice production kind, and production method is as follows:
The cadmium pollution field P in soil H6.2 of rice cultivation, brown color soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation method for screening varieties is the same as embodiment 1
(2) preparation of soil conditioner: by 10 parts of peat, 6 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of lime stone, 10 parts of clinoptilolite, white clouds
10 parts of stone, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, 25 parts of the decomposed object of Chinese milk vetch, carboxymethyl are fine
Plain 15 parts of the sodium of dimension is sufficiently mixed rear spare.
(3) soil conditioner is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 40kg/ mus of ratio, using soil conditioner by rice soil
PH is promoted to 7.5, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 110 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months, it is spare after Soil tillage；
(4) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.1, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is that 1:9 prepares artificial breeding matrix, and method for culturing seedlings is the same as embodiment 1.
(5) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 55~
65 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 210 plants, seeding row spacing 17cm × 17cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.6m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(6) prepared by organic fertilizer:
(a) pig manure water content is down to 75% using mechanical dehydration, mixes the rice straw of pollution-free regional output, stalk
It is 1:1 with pig manure weight ratio, controls the water content to fermentation materials 55%, adjust pH to 7.0~7.5 with calcium superphosphate；
(b) it will enter in fermentation tank to fermentation materials heap, and turn over throwing after the bacillus subtilis microbial agent of addition 6 ‰, winter every 3 days
Stirring is primary, and summer, stirring was primary every other day, and fermentation time is winter 21 days, summer 10 days；
(c) the decomposed object of pig manure is transported into fermentation tank, continue at cool place is dry to bank up 7 days it is spare.
(7) matched using pig manure fermentation object with chemical fertilizer in planting process and applied, base fertilizer uses pig manure fermentation object, 60kg/ mus of ratios
Application, ear manuer use urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=1:4:3 proportion uses, and spreads fertilizer over the fields by 10kg/ mus；
(8) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 35kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 2cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 4cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 90g/ mus of applications, 15kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer220%, calcium oxide 15%, K2O
1.5%, MgO 3.5%；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 45%.
(9) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 5d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.2T, flow velocity 1.5m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then filled
Magnetized water is irrigate to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 8 times, was irrigated every 7 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is ground
Table water Group III, pH6.7；
(10) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
(11) after the maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2Atomic absorption spectrum after O micro-wave digestion
Measuring method measures the Cd content in seed.
Embodiment 3:
Rice varieties " R silver accounts for " eating rice production kind is selected, production method is as follows:
The cadmium pollution field soil pH 5.5 of rice cultivation, brown color soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation method for screening varieties is the same as embodiment 1
(2) preparation of soil conditioner: by 10 parts of peat, 6 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of lime stone, 10 parts of clinoptilolite, white clouds
10 parts of stone, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, 25 parts of the decomposed object of Chinese milk vetch, carboxymethyl are fine
Plain 15 parts of the sodium of dimension is sufficiently mixed rear spare.
(3) soil conditioner is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 60kg/ mus of ratio, using soil conditioner by rice soil
PH is promoted to 6.5, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 80 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months, it is spare after Soil tillage；
(4) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.5, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is that 1:5 prepares artificial breeding matrix, and method for culturing seedlings is the same as embodiment 1.
(5) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 35~
45 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 145 plants, seeding row spacing 18cm × 18cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.5m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(6) prepared by organic fertilizer:
(a) pig manure water content is down to 75% using mechanical dehydration, mixes the rice straw of pollution-free regional output, stalk
It is 5:3 with pig manure weight ratio, controls the water content to fermentation materials 55%, adjust pH to 7.0~7.5 with calcium superphosphate；
(b) it will enter in fermentation tank to fermentation materials heap, and turn over throwing after the bacillus subtilis microbial agent of addition 8 ‰, winter every 3 days
Stirring is primary, and summer, stirring was primary every other day, and fermentation time is winter 21 days, summer 10 days；
(c) the decomposed object of pig manure is transported into fermentation tank, continue at cool place is dry to bank up 7 days it is spare.
(7) matched using pig manure fermentation object with chemical fertilizer in planting process and applied, base fertilizer uses pig manure fermentation object, 40kg/ mus of ratios
Application, ear manuer use urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=1:3:4 proportion uses, and spreads fertilizer over the fields by 9kg/ mus；
(8) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 40kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 5cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 6cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 60g/ mus of applications, 10kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer225%, calcium oxide 25%, K2O
2.5%, MgO 4.5%.；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, soluble silicon levels 60%.
(9) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 7d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.4T, flow velocity 4.5m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then filled
Magnetized water is irrigate to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 7 times, was irrigated every 10 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is
Surface water Group III, pH7.1；
(10) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
(11) after the maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2O2Atomic absorption spectrum after micro-wave digestion
Measuring method measures the Cd content in seed.
Rice plant Cd content assaying method are as follows:
Rice absolute dried sample about 0.25g is weighed in counteracting tank, enriching nitric acid (excellent pure grade) 6mL and hydrogen peroxide 2mL add
Lid is tightened, and is shaken up and is stood overnight, upper machine resolution, and 160 DEG C or so are caught up with acid to dry to the greatest extent, 5% nitric acid transfer constant volume to 25mL volumetric flask
In, Cd is carried out containing measurement using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:VarianAA 240FS+GTA)
It is fixed.
Available state and full Cd assay: pedotheque 5g of 2mm sieve or so was weighed in 50mL centrifuge tube, was added
0.05mo1/L EDTA-2Na solution 25mL, covers tightly centrifuge tube lid, is placed in the reciprocating oscillation 2h of 300r/min on vibrating machine.So
After take out centrifuge tube, be centrifuged 20min in 4000r/min on centrifuge, taking supernatant via hole diameter is 0.45 μm of filter membrane or filter paper
Filtering, filtrate are carried out using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:Varian AA 240FS+GTA)
Cd assay.
Bio-concentration factor and biomass measuring result are as follows in screening varieties:
The cadmium bio-concentration factor and biomass of 1 13 rice varieties of table
| Kind | Cadmium bio-concentration factor | Biomass (dry weight, g/ basin) |
| Dragon two excellent 237 | 0.0087 | 1.1321 |
| Imperial section 3 | 0.0060 | 1.4356 |
| An aromatic plant metioned in ancient books perfume excellent 822 | 0.0067 | 0.8794 |
| River in Zhejiang Province excellent 7753 | 0.0098 | 1.0365 |
| Dragon cultivates 203 | 0.0121 | 0.8941 |
| River in Zhejiang Province excellent 25 | 0.0051 | 1.3356 |
| Dragon cultivates 202 | 0.0083 | 0.9984 |
| R silver accounts for | 0.0047 | 1.3962 |
| An aromatic plant metioned in ancient books perfume (or spice) grace accounts for | 0.0084 | 1.0035 |
| Imperial round-grained rice 61 | 0.0065 | 0.9548 |
| It is excellent No. 2 long | 0.0109 | 1.1243 |
| Elegant water 14 | 0.0114 | 0.8896 |
The cadmium bio-concentration factor for the rice varieties selected in embodiment 1-3 as shown in Table 1 is obviously relatively low compared with other kinds,
Illustrate that these three kind rice are significantly relatively low to the absorption, transhipment and accumulation ability of cadmium, advantageously reduce the accumulation of Cd in seed,
And biomass is higher, illustrates stronger to the tolerance of cadmium pollution rice soil, is not easily susceptible to the murder by poisoning of cadmium pollution and influences nutrition
Growth then influences yield.So selecting the rice of then three kinds as low cadmium eating rice production kind.
Cd content in rice under the different implantation methods of table 2
| Implantation methods | Husk (mg/kg) | Brown rice (mg/kg) | Polished rice (mg/kg) |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.08 |
| Blank control 1 | 0.55 | 0.77 | 0.64 |
| Blank control 2 | 0.39 | 0.67 | 0.58 |
| Blank control 3 | 0.57 | 0.82 | 0.73 |
According to 2 data of table as it can be seen that using the cadmium in the husk, brown rice and polished rice of the preferred embodiment of the present invention output rice
Content is substantially lower than the national standard of 0.2mg/kg, while comparing " cadmium rice " of blank control 1-3 output, embodiment 1-3's
Cd content reduces 88.3%, 76.1% and 84.1% respectively in brown rice, the Cd content in polished rice reduces 89.1% respectively,
82.8%, 89.0%, the cadmium content in rice is substantially reduced.
The yield of rice under the different implantation methods of table 3
| Implantation methods | Per mu yield (kg) | Mass of 1000 kernel (g) | Effective fringe (ten thousand) |
| Embodiment 1 | 509.1 | 24.1 | 17.35 |
| Embodiment 2 | 497.6 | 23.3 | 16.24 |
| Embodiment 3 | 522.3 | 23.8 | 16.33 |
| Blank control 1 | 432.2 | 22.9 | 16.19 |
| Blank control 2 | 409.5 | 22.6 | 15.97 |
| Blank control 3 | 455.7 | 21.7 | 16.05 |
Seen from table 3, it is full to compare the yield index of correlation discovery yield of corresponding blank control 1-3, seed by embodiment 1-3
Full scale and number of productive ear are obviously improved, and are illustrated that the present invention has both the effect for improving cadmium pollution area rice yield, are promoted rice product
Quantity is improved while matter.
In conclusion the present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in cadmium pollution growing area output rice, has and is simple and efficient,
Feature without secondary pollution has both the advantages of promoting rice yield.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within；The technology that the present invention is not directed to can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high-yield rice implantation methods for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, and the rice of different cultivars planted on a small scale in cadmium pollution rice soil, are harvested
Rice plant biomass and cadmium bio-concentration factor are measured afterwards, and selection biomass is relatively high but cadmium concentration coefficient is relatively low
One or two kind carries out subsequent plantation；
(2) pH of rice soil is promoted to 6.5~7.5 using soil conditioner, plants Leersia Sw, completely removes Lee after 4 months
Family name's standing grain, it is spare after Soil tillage；
(3) carry out seedling cultivation of rice in free of contamination artificial substratum, three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly when transplant to big Tanaka and plant, planted
Matched using pig manure fermentation object with chemical fertilizer in journey and applied, chemical fertilizer includes urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, base fertilizer use pig manure fermentation object,
45kg/ mus of ratio applications, ear manuer are spread fertilizer over the fields using chemical fertilizer by 8kg/ mus；
(4) use of siliceous fertilizer, soil apply siliceous fertilizer and spread fertilizer over the fields within first 3 days in transplanting with native table by 25kg/ mus and mix with surface layer 2~5cm soil
It is even, then 4~6cm of waterflooding；Foliage silicon fertilizer respectively sprays once in jointing stage and boot stage, 80g/ mus of applications, and 10kg/ mus of fountain height；
(5) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 5d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses the frequency conversion of F type
Magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.3T, flow velocity 3m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, then irrigates magnetization
Water is irrigated 7 times altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period, was irrigated every 7~10 days primary to 3~5cm of the depth of water；The irrigation water is earth's surface
Water Group III, pH6.8；
(6) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
2. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The soil conditioner includes that the parts by weight of component are as follows: 10 parts of peat, 6 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of lime stone, clinoptilolite 10
Part, 10 parts of dolomite, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, 25 parts of the decomposed object of Chinese milk vetch,
15 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
3. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer220~25%, calcium oxide 15~25%, K2O 1.5~2.5%, MgO 3.5~
4.5%.
4. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 45~60%.
5. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The pig manure fermentation object the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pig manure water content is down to 75% using mechanical dehydration, mixes the rice straw of pollution-free regional output, stalk and pig
Excrement weight ratio is 4:3, controls the water content to fermentation materials 55%, adjusts pH to 7.0~7.5 with calcium superphosphate；
(2) it will enter in fermentation tank to fermentation materials heap, and turn over throwing after the bacillus laterosporus microbial inoculum of addition 6~8 ‰, winter every 3 days
Stirring is primary, and summer, stirring was primary every other day, and fermentation time is winter 21 days, summer 10 days；
(3) the decomposed object of pig manure is transported into fermentation tank, continue at cool place is dry to bank up 5 days it is spare.
6. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The paddy seedling culture method are as follows:
For 24 hours with 1.1% hydrogen peroxide treatment by rice paddy seed, it is cleaned with distilled water and is placed on 28 DEG C of germinating box vernalization, after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Nursery, the weight of perlite and nutrient solution are carried out in sowing and the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution
Than for 1:7.
7. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice according to one of claim 6, it is characterised in that:
The 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is that isometric distilled water is added in 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution to mix, pH 5.0
~5.5.
8. efficiently reducing the high-yield rice implantation methods of cadmium content in rice one of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The ear manuer is urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, weight ratio are as follows: urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=1:4:4.
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Application publication date: 20181228 |