CN109089793A - A kind of efficient high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for reducing cadmium content in rice - Google Patents
A kind of efficient high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for reducing cadmium content in rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, the selecting of low Cd accumulation kind that the method comprising the steps of, soil remediation and a variety of agronomic measures.The present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in the rice planted in cadmium pollution rice soil, have and be simple and efficient, feature without secondary pollution.The present invention has both the advantages of promoting rice yield, and yield is improved while promoting rice quality, improves plantation economic benefit, is suitble to the low cadmium eating rice production of cadmium pollution paddy fields, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agriculture science, in particular to a kind of high-yield selenium-rich for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice
Paddy rice planting method.
Background technique
Heavy metal refer to specific gravity be greater than 4 or 5 metal, there are about 45 kinds, as copper, cadmium, zinc, iron, cobalt, cadmium, manganese, cadmium, cadmium,
Tungsten, aluminium, gold, silver etc..The heavy metals such as cadmium, manganese, copper, zinc are microelements required for vital movement, but all heavy metals are more than
A certain concentration is all toxic to human body.
China nearly 20,000,000 hectares of the cultivated area of the heavy metal pollutions such as Pb, is accounted for the 1/5 of total area under cultivation by Cd, As, Cr
Left and right, total economic loss are at least up to 20,000,000,000 yuan.The Cd content of domestic some regions rice soil severely exceeds oneself and is reached production
The pollution level of good fortune rice, sea sand river as above irrigated area, Hengyang, Hunan Province and Zhuzhou etc. are regional.Rice is the staple food crop in China,
Hunan Province is the rice main producing region in China, and very important status is occupied in the grain-production safety in China in recent years, with
Soil Cd content excessive problem is got worse, and brown rice Cd content is more than the successive emersion of pollution problem of the national standard of 0.2mg/kg
The water surface.It receives much attention accordingly, with respect to the application study in terms of rice Cd pollution control technology.
Cadmium (Cd) is human body non-essential element, the heavy metal element one of toxic to people and animals and plants, and European Union is by cadmium
Height is classified as to endanger noxious material and carcinogen and can be managed.China is the world's largest primary cadmium metal producing region, is accounted for complete
30% or so of ball total output.In recent years, discharge, sewage irrigation and the pesticide containing cadmium, chemical fertilizer of industry " two is useless " is unreasonable
It uses, soil acidification promotes the conversion etc. of effective cadmium, causes part agricultural product cadmium content exceeded.Rice be main aggrieved crop it
One, not only growth and development is impacted, yield and quality decline, and the cadmium accumulated in the grain having exceeds national limit standard number
Times, people is eaten for a long time this " cadmium rice " meeting and faces the risk of slow poisoning.The 1950s to the seventies, the Fushan Mountain Mu city mind
" Itai-itai diseases " that the basin Tong Chuan occurs mainly are eaten for a long time caused by the paddy gone out produced in high cadmium soil.
Rice has the habit of enriching heavy metal, is to absorb the strongest large cereal crops of cadmium ability, so that rice Cd is dirty
Dye than more serious, become be with rice main anthropophagy group main source of exposure, therefore, control Rice Kernel Cd accumulation is to improve rice
The key of quality safety level, also important directions of quality of rice security study.
Selenium is nonmetalloid existing for nature, is microelement necessary to human and animal's health, mammal
Have more than 30 kinds of selenoproteins, including the sweet skin peroxidase of paddy flesh in vivo, iodate desiodothyroxine takes off iodine enzyme CIDI), anthreid selenium
Albumen and thioredoxin reductase etc., selenium element have anti-oxidant, toxin expelling in human body, prevention canceration, improve immunity
Function Deng multi-party.Selenium is the mineral element for lacking most serious other than iron, zinc and iodine, and serious selenium deficiency will lead to Keshan disease
With the pungent Beck's disease of card (big osteopathy), in addition, selenium deficiency also has with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, asthma, male sterilities
It closes.
Rice is one of most important cereal crops of China, the selemium nutrition of the height and the most of populations in the whole nation of Se content
Situation is closely related.Although selenium is not the necessary element of paddy growth, apply low concentration selenium fertilizer can Antagonism inhibition water
Absorption and accumulation of the rice to heavy metals such as cadmiums, to reduce the content of cadmium in rice plant and seed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, for current soil
The problem of cadmium pollution area is wide, and thus the rice cadmium pollution of plant development is than more serious, seriously affects yield of brown rice and quality, leads to
The implantation methods for crossing system block rice to Cadmium accumulation, reduce the cadmium content in rice, promote yield.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below:
A kind of efficient high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for reducing cadmium content in rice, comprises the following steps:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, and the rice of different cultivars planted on a small scale in cadmium pollution rice soil,
Rice plant biomass and cadmium bio-concentration factor are measured after harvest, choose that biomass is relatively high but cadmium concentration coefficient relatively
One or two low kind carries out subsequent plantation；
(2) pH of rice soil is promoted to 6.5~7.5 using soil conditioner, plants Leersia Sw, is gone completely after 4 months
Except Leersia Sw；
(3) 100mL/ mus of 1% aqueous solution of sodium selenite is applied after Soil tillage, is watered 15kg sprinkling, is continued to plant purple cloud
English, the sowing when daily mean temperature drops to 25 DEG C or less, application rate are 2.5~5kg per acre, are pressed within 20~25 days before rice transplanting
Blueness, 20~35kg of liming per acre when green manuring；
(4) carry out seedling cultivation of rice in free of contamination artificial substratum, three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly when transplant to big Tanaka and plant, kind
Urea, calcium superphosphate and K are used during planting2It is used after O proportion as ear manuer, ear manuer is spread fertilizer over the fields by 12kg/ mus；
(5) use of siliceous fertilizer, soil apply siliceous fertilizer by 30kg/ mus spread fertilizer over the fields within preceding 3 days in transplanting with native table and with 2~5cm of surface layer it is native
Earth mixes, then 4~6cm of waterflooding；Foliage silicon fertilizer respectively sprays once in jointing stage and boot stage, 120g/ mus of applications, fountain height
20kg/ mus；
(6) use of selenium fertilizer, soil apply selenium fertilizer using sodium selenate and sodium selenite proportion application, and applicating ratio is sodium selenate:
Sodium selenite=1:1~1:5 is watered sprinkling in 10~20mg/kg ratio in 7 days before rice transplanting, sprays 20~40kg per acre.Blade face
Selenium fertilizer uses 1% aqueous solution 100mL/ mu/time of sodium selenite, is watered 15kg sprinkling rice leaf, each in tillering stage and heading stage
Sprinkling is primary；
(7) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 8d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.25T, flow velocity 2m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then filled
Magnetized water is irrigate to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 6 times, was irrigated every 8~9 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water
For surface water Group III, pH6.7；
(8) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
Preferably, the soil conditioner includes that the parts by weight of component are as follows: 10 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of sepiolite, quick lime 14
Part, 10 parts of perlite, 10 parts of biomass black wood charcoal, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of ardealite, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, pig manure are rotten
25 parts of ripe object, 15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
Preferably, the soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer231~40%, calcium oxide 10~20%, K2O 5~7%, MgO
2~4%.
Preferably, the foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 40~65%.
Preferably, the paddy seedling culture method are as follows:
For 24 hours with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide treatment by rice paddy seed, it is cleaned with distilled water and is placed on 29 DEG C of germinating box vernalization, revealed
Carry out nursery after white in sowing and the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution, perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is 1:8.
Preferably, the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is that isometric distilled water is added in 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution to mix
It closes, pH 5.2.
Preferably, the ear manuer is urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, weight ratio are as follows: urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=2:5:7.
It is that the present invention obtains the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in cadmium pollution growing area output rice, and Cd content reduces respectively in brown rice
82.3%, 87.3% and 85.2%, the Cd content in polished rice reduces 87.3%, 90.9%, 91.1% respectively, while significantly mentioning
Se content in high rice, Se content are more than 0.3mg/kg.The present invention has both the advantages of promoting rice yield, promotes rice quality
Yield is improved simultaneously, improves plantation economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1:
The cadmium pollution field P in soil H5.5 of rice cultivation, reddish yellow soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, the method is as follows:
(A) five excellent silver are accounted for, along excellent 656, peace is excellent 390, an aromatic plant metioned in ancient books is excellent 113, grand two excellent 1019, agriculture perfume (or spice) 24, five cereals are No. 1 rich, emerging
An Xiangzhan, deep excellent 566, river in Zhejiang Province Xian 15, Ji You 585, river early 361 totally 12 common rices or conventional rice as selecting model
It encloses；
(B) by rice paddy seed with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide treatment for 24 hours, with distilled water clean be placed on 29 DEG C of germinating box vernalization,
It is sowed after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally and carries out nursery, perlite and nutrient solution with the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution
Weight ratio be 1:8.
(C) when rice seedling three leaves occurs wholeheartedly, seedling is taken out, root system is gently cleaned with clear water, is then selected
The consistent transplantation of seedlings of growing way is to being equipped in the flowerpot of 500g cadmium pollution field dry ground.Test 2 repetitions of setting, 2 plants of every basin, culture
It is harvested after 35d.
(D) when harvesting, first rice plant is cleaned completely with tap water, to remove the exchangeable species for being adhered to plant root table
Cd, test exchange 20min with 20mM EDTA-2Na, are then rinsed with deionized water, in 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min of baking oven, then 80
It DEG C dries to constant weight, measures whole plant dry matter weight.After culture experiment expires, soil sample is uniformly collected, is air-dried, it is spare to cross 2mm sieve；
(E) HNO is used3-H2O2Cd content in atomic absorption spectrometry measurement rice plant after micro-wave digestion；Soil-like
This carries out available state Cd using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:Varian AA240FS+GTA)
Assay.
(F) cadmium bio-concentration factor (the results are shown in Table 1) is calculated, formula is as follows: cadmium bio-concentration factor (BCFs)=rice
The comprehensive amount of dry matter of available state Cd content and bio-concentration factor in Cd content/soil sample in plant, finally choose " suitable
Excellent 656 " are used as varieties of plant.
(2) preparation of soil conditioner: by 10 parts by weight of vermiculite, 6 parts by weight of sepiolite, 14 parts by weight of quick lime, pearl
10 parts by weight of rock, 10 parts by weight of biomass black wood charcoal, 8 parts by weight of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts by weight of ardealite, dephosphorizing bacterial agent 40
Parts by weight, decomposed 25 parts by weight of object of pig manure, 15 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate are sufficiently mixed rear spare.
(3) soil conditioner is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 30kg/ mus of ratio, using soil conditioner by rice soil
PH is promoted to 7.0, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 140 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months；
(4) 100mL/ mus of 1% aqueous solution of sodium selenite is applied after Soil tillage, is watered 15kg sprinkling, is continued to plant purple cloud
English, the sowing when daily mean temperature drops to 25 DEG C or less, application rate are 4kg per acre, progress green manuring in 23 days before rice transplanting, when green manuring
Liming 30kg per acre；
(5) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.2, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is 1:8 preparation artificial breeding matrix, and according to the method nursery of step 1B.
(6) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 60~
70 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 200 plants, seeding row spacing 17cm × 16cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.6m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(7) urea, calcium superphosphate and K are used in planting process2It is used after O proportion as ear manuer, ear manuer is spread by 12kg/ mus
It applies, urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=2:5:7；
(8) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 30kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 3cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 5cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 120g/ mus of applications, 20kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer235%, calcium oxide 15%, K2O
6%, MgO 3%；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 50%.
(9) use of selenium fertilizer, soil apply selenium fertilizer using sodium selenate and sodium selenite proportion application, and applicating ratio is sodium selenate:
Sodium selenite=1:3 is watered sprinkling in mixture 15mg/kg ratio in 7 days before rice transplanting, sprays 30kg per acre.Blade face selenium fertilizer is adopted
With 1% aqueous solution 100mL/ mu/time of sodium selenite, it is watered 15kg sprinkling rice leaf, respectively sprays one in tillering stage and heading stage
It is secondary；
(10) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 8d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.25T, flow velocity 2m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then filled
Magnetized water is irrigate to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 6 times, was irrigated every 9 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is ground
Table water Group III, pH6.7；
(11) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
(12) after the maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2Atomic absorption spectrum after O micro-wave digestion
Measuring method measures Cd, Se content in seed.
Embodiment 2:
Rice varieties " rich No. 1 of five cereals " are selected to be used as eating rice production kind, production method is as follows:
The cadmium pollution field P in soil H6.1 of rice cultivation, brown color soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation method for screening varieties is the same as embodiment 1
(2) soil conditioner in embodiment 1 is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 35kg/ mus of ratio, using soil improvement
The pH of rice soil is promoted to 6.5 by agent, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 100 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months；
(3) 50mL/ mus of 1% aqueous solution of sodium selenite is applied after Soil tillage, is watered 15kg sprinkling, is continued to plant purple cloud
English, the sowing when daily mean temperature drops to 25 DEG C or less, application rate is 2.5kg per acre, progress green manuring in 20 days, green manuring before rice transplanting
When liming 20kg per acre；
(4) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.2, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is that 1:8 prepares artificial breeding matrix, and method for culturing seedlings is the same as embodiment 1.
(5) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 55~
65 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 180 plants, seeding row spacing 17cm × 17cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.6m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(6) urea, calcium superphosphate and K are used in planting process2It is used after O proportion as ear manuer, ear manuer is spread by 7kg/ mus
It applies, urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=2:5:7；
(7) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 20kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 2cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 4cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 80g/ mus of applications, 15kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer231%, calcium oxide 10%, K2O
5%, MgO 2%；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 40%.
(8) use of selenium fertilizer, soil apply selenium fertilizer using sodium selenate and sodium selenite proportion application, and applicating ratio is sodium selenate:
Sodium selenite=1:1 is watered sprinkling in mixture 10mg/kg ratio in 7 days before rice transplanting, sprays 20kg per acre.Blade face selenium fertilizer is adopted
With 1% aqueous solution 100mL/ mu/time of sodium selenite, it is watered 15kg sprinkling rice leaf, respectively sprays one in tillering stage and heading stage
It is secondary；
(9) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 8d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.35T, flow velocity 2.5m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, then
Magnetized water is irrigated to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 6 times, was irrigated every 8 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is
Surface water Group III, pH6.8；
(10) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
(11) after the maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2Atomic absorption spectrum after O micro-wave digestion
Measuring method measures Cd, Se content in seed.
Embodiment 3:
Rice varieties " Ji You 585 " eating rice production kind is selected, production method is as follows:
The cadmium pollution field soil pH 5.7 of rice cultivation, brown color soil acquire soil sample, detect Cd content, and press
According to following method rice cultivation:
(1) low Cd accumulation method for screening varieties is the same as embodiment 1
(2) soil conditioner in embodiment 1 is spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in 40kg/ mus of ratio, using soil improvement
The pH of rice soil is promoted to 7.5 by agent, plants Leersia Sw, and density is 160 plants/m2, root removal Leersia Sw is connected after 4 months；
(3) 150mL/ mus of 1% aqueous solution of sodium selenite is applied after Soil tillage, is watered 25kg sprinkling, is continued to plant purple cloud
English, the sowing when daily mean temperature drops to 25 DEG C or less, application rate are 5kg per acre, progress green manuring in 20 days before rice transplanting, when green manuring
Liming 35kg per acre；
(4) 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution is added isometric distilled water mixing, pH 5.2, by perlite and nutrient solution
Weight ratio is that 1:8 prepares artificial breeding matrix, and method for culturing seedlings is the same as embodiment 1.
(5) when three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly be 5~6 leaf age when transplant to big Tanaka plant, planting density be every square meter insert 45~
55 caves, 3 plants of every cave guarantee 170 plants, seeding row spacing 16cm × 16cm of every square meter Basic Seedling, the wide 2.6m in compartment；In closing on, plot setting is empty
White control group, i.e. soil are not processed, and are planted using conventional method.
(6) urea, calcium superphosphate and K are used in planting process2It is used after O proportion as ear manuer, ear manuer is spread by 15kg/ mus
It applies, urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=2:5:7；
(7) siliceous fertilizer is in addition affixed by planting process as cadmium soil blocking agent and blade face passivator, soil applies siliceous fertilizer by 35kg/
Mu spreads fertilizer over the fields in transplanting with native table and mixes with surface layer 5cm soil for first 3 days, then waterflooding 6cm；Foliage silicon fertilizer is in jointing stage and boot stage
It respectively sprays once, 140g/ mus of applications, 20kg/ mus of fountain height；Soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer240%, calcium oxide 20%, K2O
7%, MgO 4%；Foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 65%.
(8) use of selenium fertilizer, soil apply selenium fertilizer using sodium selenate and sodium selenite proportion application, and applicating ratio is sodium selenate:
Sodium selenite=1:5 is watered sprinkling in mixture 20mg/kg ratio in 7 days before rice transplanting, sprays 40kg per acre.Blade face selenium fertilizer is adopted
With 1% aqueous solution 100mL/ mu/time of sodium selenite, it is watered 15kg sprinkling rice leaf, respectively sprays one in tillering stage and heading stage
It is secondary；
(9) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 8d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses F type
Variable-frequency magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.3T, flow velocity 3.5m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, is then filled
Magnetized water is irrigate to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 6 times, was irrigated every 8 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is ground
Table water Group III, pH6.8；
(10) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
After maturity period, rice grain is harvested, drying to constant weight, uses HNO3-H2Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after O micro-wave digestion
Method measures Cd, Se content in seed.Rice plant or seed Cd, Se content assaying method are as follows:
Rice absolute dried sample about 0.25g is weighed in counteracting tank, enriching nitric acid (excellent pure grade) 6mL and hydrogen peroxide 2mL add
Lid is tightened, and is shaken up and is stood overnight, upper machine resolution, and 160 DEG C or so are caught up with acid to dry to the greatest extent, 5% nitric acid transfer constant volume to 25mL volumetric flask
In, Cd, Se content are carried out using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:VarianAA240FS+GTA)
Measurement.
Available state and full Cd assay: pedotheque 5g of 2mm sieve or so was weighed in 50mL centrifuge tube, was added
0.05mo1/LEDTA-2Na solution 25mL, covers tightly centrifuge tube lid, is placed in the reciprocating oscillation 2h of 300r/min on vibrating machine.So
After take out centrifuge tube, be centrifuged 20min in 4000r/min on centrifuge, taking supernatant via hole diameter is 0.45 μm of filter membrane or filter paper
Filtering, filtrate carry out Cd using flame (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS/AFS:Varian AA240FS+GTA)
Assay.
Bio-concentration factor and biomass measuring result are as follows in screening varieties:
The cadmium bio-concentration factor and biomass of 1 13 rice varieties of table
| Kind | Cadmium bio-concentration factor | Biomass (dry weight, g/ basin) |
| Five excellent silver account for | 0.0099 | 1.0693 |
| Along excellent 656 | 0.0055 | 1.3165 |
| Pacify excellent 390 | 0.0064 | 0.8854 |
| An aromatic plant metioned in ancient books excellent 113 | 0.0097 | 1.0024 |
| Grand two excellent 1019 | 0.0116 | 0.7986 |
| Agriculture perfume (or spice) 24 | 0.0069 | 1.0345 |
| Five cereals rich No. 1 | 0.0059 | 1.3567 |
| Xingan's perfume (or spice) accounts for | 0.0104 | 0.9541 |
| Deep excellent 566 | 0.0072 | 0.7854 |
| River in Zhejiang Province Xian 15 | 0.0066 | 0.9632 |
| Ji excellent 585 | 0.0047 | 1.2865 |
| River early 361 | 0.0094 | 0.8985 |
The cadmium bio-concentration factor for the rice varieties selected in embodiment 1-3 as shown in Table 1 is obviously relatively low compared with other kinds,
Illustrate that these three kind rice are significantly relatively low to the absorption, transhipment and accumulation ability of cadmium, advantageously reduce the accumulation of Cd in seed,
And biomass is higher, illustrates stronger to the tolerance of cadmium pollution rice soil, is not easily susceptible to the murder by poisoning of cadmium pollution and influences nutrition
Growth then influences yield.So selecting the rice of then three kinds as low cadmium eating rice production kind.
Cd content in rice under the different implantation methods of table 2
| Implantation methods | Husk (mg/kg) | Brown rice (mg/kg) | Polished rice (mg/kg) |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.09 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.07 |
| Blank control 1 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.71 |
| Blank control 2 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.55 |
| Blank control 3 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0.78 |
According to 2 data of table as it can be seen that using the cadmium in the husk, brown rice and polished rice of the preferred embodiment of the present invention output rice
Content is substantially lower than the national standard of 0.2mg/kg, while comparing " cadmium rice " of blank control 1-3 output, embodiment 1-3's
Cd content reduces 82.3%, 87.3% and 85.2% respectively in brown rice, the Cd content in polished rice reduces 87.3% respectively,
90.9%, 91.1%, the cadmium content in rice is substantially reduced.
The yield of rice under the different implantation methods of table 3
| Implantation methods | Per mu yield (kg) | Mass of 1000 kernel (g) | Effective fringe (ten thousand) |
| Embodiment 1 | 501.2 | 23.8 | 16.35 |
| Embodiment 2 | 495.3 | 22.7 | 16.14 |
| Embodiment 3 | 483.1 | 21.9 | 15.88 |
| Blank control 1 | 426.7 | 21.1 | 15.98 |
| Blank control 2 | 411.9 | 20.9 | 14.69 |
| Blank control 3 | 399.5 | 19.4 | 14.24 |
Seen from table 3, it is full to compare the yield index of correlation discovery yield of corresponding blank control 1-3, seed by embodiment 1-3
Full scale and number of productive ear are obviously improved, and are illustrated that the present invention has both the effect for improving cadmium pollution area rice yield, are promoted rice product
Quantity is improved while matter.
Se content in rice under the different implantation methods of table 4
| Implantation methods | Husk (mg/kg) | Brown rice (mg/kg) | Polished rice (mg/kg) |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.12 | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| Blank control 1 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Blank control 2 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Blank control 3 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Table 4 statistics indicate that the present invention plant obtain rice in the more common rice cultivation rice of Se content be obviously improved, reach
To the standard of selenium-enriched rice.
In conclusion the present invention can significantly reduce the content of cadmium in cadmium pollution growing area output rice, and it is obviously improved rice
The content of selenium in rice, has and is simple and efficient, and feature without secondary pollution has both the advantages of promoting rice yield.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within；The technology that the present invention is not directed to can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method for efficiently reducing cadmium content in rice, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
(1) low Cd accumulation rice varieties are selected, and the rice of different cultivars planted on a small scale in cadmium pollution rice soil, are harvested
Rice plant biomass and cadmium bio-concentration factor are measured afterwards, and selection biomass is relatively high but cadmium concentration coefficient is relatively low
One or two kind carries out subsequent plantation；
(2) pH of rice soil is promoted to 6.5~7.5 using soil conditioner, plants Leersia Sw, completely removes Lee after 4 months
Family name's standing grain；
(3) 100mL/ mus of 1% aqueous solution of sodium selenite is applied after Soil tillage, is watered 15kg sprinkling, continues to plant Chinese milk vetch,
Sowing when daily mean temperature drops to 25 DEG C or less, application rate are that 2.5~5kg, progress green manuring in 20~25 days before rice transplanting are pressed per acre
20~35kg of liming per acre when green；
(4) carry out seedling cultivation of rice in free of contamination artificial substratum, three leaf of seedling wholeheartedly when transplant to big Tanaka and plant, planted
Urea, calcium superphosphate and K are used in journey2It is used after O proportion as ear manuer, ear manuer is spread fertilizer over the fields by 12kg/ mus；
(5) use of siliceous fertilizer, soil apply siliceous fertilizer and spread fertilizer over the fields within first 3 days in transplanting with native table by 30kg/ mus and mix with surface layer 2~5cm soil
It is even, then 4~6cm of waterflooding；Foliage silicon fertilizer respectively sprays once in jointing stage and boot stage, 120g/ mus of applications, and 20kg/ mus of fountain height；
(6) use of selenium fertilizer, soil apply selenium fertilizer using sodium selenate and sodium selenite proportion application, and applicating ratio is sodium selenate: sub- selenium
Sour sodium=1:1~1:5 is watered sprinkling in 10~20mg/kg ratio in 7 days before rice transplanting, sprays 20~40kg per acre.Blade face selenium fertilizer
Using 1% aqueous solution 100mL/ mu/time of sodium selenite, it is watered 15kg sprinkling rice leaf, is respectively sprayed in tillering stage and heading stage
Once；
(7) time of infertility of Rice Cropping is all made of waterflooding cultivation, and the field 8d is cut off the water supply before harvesting, and irrigation water uses the frequency conversion of F type
Magnetized water generator is magnetized, magnetic field strength 0.25T, flow velocity 2m/s；When irrigation, it is first allowed to dry Tanaka's water, then irrigates magnetic
Change water to 3~5cm of the depth of water, irrigates 6 times, irrigated every 8~9 days primary altogether from tillering stage to the maturity period；The irrigation water is ground
Table water Group III, pH6.7；
(8) remaining Rice Cropping management method is conventional rice cultural method.
2. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature one of according to claim 1
Be: the soil conditioner includes that the parts by weight of component are as follows: 10 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of sepiolite, 14 parts of quick lime, perlite
10 parts, 10 parts of biomass black wood charcoal, 8 parts of alkaline coal ash, 8 parts of ardealite, 40 parts of dephosphorizing bacterial agent, 25 parts of the decomposed object of pig manure,
15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
3. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature one of according to claim 1
Be: the soil applies effective silicon SiO in siliceous fertilizer231~40%, calcium oxide 10~20%, K2O 5~7%, MgO 2~4%.
4. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature one of according to claim 1
Be: the foliage silicon fertilizer is honest instant siliceous fertilizer, solvable silicon 40~65%.
5. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature one of according to claim 1
It is: the paddy seedling culture method are as follows:
For 24 hours with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide treatment by rice paddy seed, it is cleaned with distilled water and is placed on 29 DEG C of germinating box vernalization, after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Nursery, the weight of perlite and nutrient solution are carried out in sowing and the artificial substratum equipped with perlite and 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution
Than for 1:8.
6. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature according to one of claim 5
Be: the 1/2Hoagland nutrient solution is that isometric distilled water is added in 1 times of liquid of Hoagland nutrient solution to mix, pH
It is 5.2.
7. efficiently reducing the high-yield selenium-rich paddy rice planting method of cadmium content in rice, feature one of according to claim 1
Be: the ear manuer is urea, calcium superphosphate and K2O, weight ratio are as follows: urea: calcium superphosphate: K2O=2:5:7.
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