CN105557491B - A kind of cane seedlings are planted method - Google Patents
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557491B CN105557491B CN201610017260.9A CN201610017260A CN105557491B CN 105557491 B CN105557491 B CN 105557491B CN 201610017260 A CN201610017260 A CN 201610017260A CN 105557491 B CN105557491 B CN 105557491B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of cane seedlings temporary planting method, it is to be fitted into matrix Queensland nut chaff, peat, vermiculite, river sand in the cavities of temporary planting hole tray, hardening before transplanting to cavities after cane seedlings sheared-off part blade is carried out temporary planting period management and is colonized, temporary planting and hardening can be colonized totally for 20 25 days.The temporary planting method of the present invention can enhance the immunity and disease resistance of cane seedlings, obtain healthy and strong, excellent cane seedlings.Present invention temporary planting survival rate is high, easy to operate, economizes on resources, of low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant sexual reproduction technique fields, and in particular to a kind of cane seedlings are planted method.
Background technology
Sugarcane is a kind of annual or perennial Perenniporia martius herbaceous plant, belongs to C4 crops.Sweet cylindrical stem is upright,
Tiller grows thickly, has section, has bud on section；Internode is solid, outer to be had wax powder, there is purple, red or yellow green etc.；Leaf is grown thickly, and blade has
The middle arteries of plump white；Large-scale panicle basidixed, small ear base portion have silver color to become mildewed, and oblong or oval caryopsis are tiny.
The country of sugarcane acreage maximum is Brazil, secondly India, China occupies third.Sugarcane is China's sugaring
Primary raw material.In world's sugar total output, sucrose accounts for about 65%, Chinese then account for more than 80%.Edible product necessary to sugar is the mankind
One of and the food industry such as candy, beverage important source material.Meanwhile the important original of sugarcane or light industry, the chemical industry and energy
Material.Thus, develop sugarcane production, to improving the life of the people, promoting agriculture and related industry development or even to entire national
Expanding economy all has consequence and effect.
Because sugarcane seed is tiny, thousand grain weigth is extremely light, attached villus outside seed, includes that nutrient is few, and bud ratio is by environment shadow
Sound is fairly obvious, it is impossible to directly in field seeding, first carry out seedling breeding.The cultivation of seedling is generally required by hair
Bud such as tests, sows, be planted, can be colonized at the processes.
Application number：201410575768.1 Chinese patent discloses a kind of cane seedlings floating temporary planting method, sweet
Sugarcane seedling seedling after planting, when growth to 2 ~ 3 true leaves, is planted in floatation of foam disk, and immediately by floatation of foam
Disk, which is put into nursery sink, carries out floating cultivation, and crop field is transplanted after temporary planting cultivation and hardening.This method cane seedlings are long-term
Under water, Root respiration is suppressed, and is easy to cause root and is sent out rotten to Plant death.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of cane seedlings temporary planting method, and this method can enhance the immunity of cane seedlings and resist
Sick ability obtains healthy and strong, excellent cane seedlings.Present invention temporary planting survival rate is high, easy to operate, economizes on resources, at low cost
It is honest and clean.
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：By matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=2 ~ 3:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=1
~2:1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 10 ~ 15 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, spraying pesticide is primary in 3 days before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：The matrix B of 1 ~ 2cm is spread in the cavities bottom of temporary planting hole tray, is then covered with the matrix A of 4 ~ 6cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 12 ~ 17cm high, cut to blade, it is deep that 2 ~ 3cm is dug on cavities matrix A
Hole, cane seedlings are put into hole, is compacted, is watered with root water, cover sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：After transplanting 5 ~ 7 days, sunshade net is removed, by the urea of concentration 0.05 ~ 0.3%, 0.1 ~ 0.2%
Composite fertilizer and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 20 ~ 40ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 6 ~ 8 days, after transplanting 7 ~ 9 days, by the enemy hundred of concentration 0.1 ~ 0.5%
Worm and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 15 ~ 30ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 8 ~ 10 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, temperature 15 ~ 30 are kept during temporary planting
DEG C, it examines, thrips is such as found, immediately with three kinds of 80% orthene missible oil or the happy chrysanthemum ester of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen
Any one of with water press 1:1000 volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which torrential rain is taken and suitably arrange
It applies, has to masking film before torrential rain, prevent torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 25 ~ 35%
Water gives natural lighting and humiture, 5 days before field planting, applies the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 1 ~ 2%, 1 ~ 2 day before field planting, applies 40%
The mixed liquor of 1000 times of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 5 ~ 10ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates is sprayed；Temporary planting and hardening totally 20 ~ 25 days, i.e.,
It can be colonized.
The Queensland nut chaff be Queensland nut exocarp and middle pericarp are crushed it is obtained.
The Queensland nut chaff grain size specification is≤18mm.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15-15.
The exocarp of Queensland nut and middle pericarp are byproducts remaining after Queensland nut is processed, are discarded mostly, not only
It is not fully utilized, also pollutes the environment.Research shows that contain the battalion such as abundant protein and total reducing sugar in Queensland nut pericarp
Support substance.The middle pericarp of Queensland nut exocarp and cellulosic is crushed processing and obtains Queensland nut chaff, Australia by the present invention
Nut chaff grain size specification is≤18mm, which has good water-retaining property, gas permeability, slowly trophism, nature
Resolution ratio.Using Queensland nut chaff as matrix, excellent growth conditions for sugarcane production can be provided, extend the use of matrix
Phase reduces the waste of resource, lowers the cost of production.
Advantageous effect
1st, cane seedlings matrix nutrient of the invention is sufficient, is practically free of bacterium, microorganism and grass seeds, will not cause sweet
Long weeds in the infection of sugarcane seedling or matrix；The cane seedlings matrix quality of the present invention is lighter, plays heat preservation, moisturizing, prevents
Only matrix is hardened and rain after sprout tumble, press the effect of seedling.
2nd, cane seedlings of the invention temporary planting method, using upper and lower two layers of matrix, vermiculite, the river sand of matrix B mainly rise
Permeable, ventilative, offer nutrition, prevents rotten dead effect of cane seedlings at the breathing for ensureing cane seedlings root；Matrix
Queensland nut chaff and peat the nutrient foot of A, has water conservation gas permeability, and contained nutriment has slow release, do not need to apply
Too many fertilizer, it will be able to keep permanent fertility, reduce the cost of temporary planting.
3rd, cane seedlings of the invention temporary planting method, using Queensland nut chaff as main matrix, that is, reduces money
Source wastes, and reduces production cost.
4th, cane seedlings of the invention temporary planting method, using growth regulator respectively with fertilizer and agriculture chemical compounding, sugarcane
Seedling is good to nutrient absorption, quick, enhances immunity, the disease resistance of cane seedlings, pesticide, fertilizer drug effect
Enhanced.
5th, temporary planting of the invention and hardening are 20 ~ 25 days, shorten 5 ~ 15 day time than conventional method, when having saved production
Between, improve production efficiency.
6th, the survival rate before the field planting of cane seedlings of the invention temporary planting method reaches more than 95%, and obtained sugarcane is grown directly from seeds
Seedling is sturdy, excellent.
7th, cane seedlings of the invention temporary planting method is easy to operate, and equipment, raw material do not need to special processing, being capable of big model
It encloses and promotes the use of.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described, but not as being limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：Queensland nut exocarp and middle pericarp are crushed into processing, Queensland nut chaff is made, Australia is hard
Fruit chaff grain size specification is≤18mm, by matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=2:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=1:
1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 10 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, 3 days spraying pesticides are primary before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：In the matrix B of the cavities bottom paving 1cm of temporary planting hole tray, it is then covered with the matrix A of 4cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 12cm high, cut to blade, on cavities matrix A dig 2cm depths hole,
Cane seedlings are put into hole, are compacted, are watered with root water, cover sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：Transplanting 5 days after, remove sunshade net, by the urea of concentration 0.05%, 0.1% composite fertilizer and
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 20ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 6 days, after transplanting 7 days, by the metrifonate of concentration 0.1% and the compound nitrophenol of 15ppm
Sodium, it is primary every sprinkling in 8 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, 15 ~ 30 DEG C of temperature are kept during temporary planting；It examines, such as finds thrips,
Immediately 1 is pressed with any one of three kinds of 80% orthene missible oil or the happy chrysanthemum ester of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen and water:1000
Volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which to take appropriate measures to torrential rain, has to cover before torrential rain thin
Film prevents torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, water is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 25%, gives
Natural lighting and humiture are given, 5 days before field planting, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 1% is applied, 1 day before field planting, applies 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times and the mixed liquor spraying of 5ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates；Temporary planting 25 days, you can field planting.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15-15.
The survival rate that this method cane seedlings are planted is used as 95.5%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method, include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：Queensland nut exocarp and middle pericarp are crushed into processing, Queensland nut chaff is made, Australia is hard
Fruit chaff grain size specification is≤18mm, by matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=3:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=2:
1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 15 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, 2 days spraying pesticides are primary before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：In the matrix B of the cavities bottom paving 2cm of temporary planting hole tray, it is then covered with the matrix A of 6cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 17cm high, cut to blade, on cavities matrix A dig 3cm depths hole,
Cane seedlings are put into hole, are compacted, are watered with root water, cover sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：Transplanting 7 days after, remove sunshade net, by the urea of concentration 0.3%, 0.2% composite fertilizer and
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 40ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 8 days, after transplanting 9 days, by the metrifonate of concentration 0.5% and the compound nitrophenol of 30ppm
Sodium, it is primary every sprinkling in 10 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, 15 ~ 30 DEG C of temperature are kept during temporary planting；It examines, such as finds Ji
Horse presses 1 with any one of three kinds of 80% orthene missible oil or the happy chrysanthemum ester of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen and water immediately:
1000 volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which to take appropriate measures to torrential rain, has to hide before torrential rain
Lid film prevents torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, water is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 35%, gives
Natural lighting and humiture are given, 5 days before field planting, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 2% is applied, 2 days before field planting, applies 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times and the mixed liquor spraying of 10ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates；Temporary planting and hardening totally 20 days, you can field planting.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15-15.
The survival rate that this method cane seedlings are planted is used as 97.2%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method, include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：Queensland nut exocarp and middle pericarp are crushed into processing, Queensland nut chaff is made, Australia is hard
Fruit chaff grain size specification is≤18mm, by matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=2:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=2:
1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 12 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, 2 days spraying pesticides are primary before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：In the matrix B of the cavities bottom paving 2cm of temporary planting hole tray, it is then covered with the matrix A of 5cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 15cm high, cut to blade, on cavities matrix A dig 3cm depths hole,
Cane seedlings are put into hole, are compacted, are watered with root water, cover sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：Transplanting 6 days after, remove sunshade net, by the urea of concentration 0.15%, 0.15% composite fertilizer and
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 30ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 7 days, after transplanting 8 days, by the metrifonate of concentration 0.25% and the compound nitrophenol of 20ppm
Sodium, it is primary every sprinkling in 9 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, 15 ~ 30 DEG C of temperature are kept during temporary planting；It examines, such as finds thrips,
Immediately 1 is pressed with any one of three kinds of 80% orthene missible oil or the happy chrysanthemum ester of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen and water:1000
Volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which to take appropriate measures to torrential rain, has to cover before torrential rain thin
Film prevents torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, water is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 30%, gives
Natural lighting and humiture are given, 5 days before field planting, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 2% is applied, 2 days before field planting, applies 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times and the mixed liquor spraying of 5ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates；Temporary planting and hardening totally 22 days, you can field planting.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15-15.
The survival rate that this method cane seedlings are planted is used as 98.8%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of cane seedlings are planted method, include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：Queensland nut exocarp and middle pericarp are crushed into processing, Queensland nut chaff is made, Australia is hard
Fruit chaff grain size specification is≤18mm, by matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=3:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=1:
1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 13 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, 1 day spraying pesticide is primary before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：In the matrix B of the cavities bottom paving 1cm of temporary planting hole tray, it is then covered with the matrix A of 5cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 14cm high, cut to blade, on cavities matrix A dig 2cm depths hole,
Cane seedlings are put into hole, are compacted, are watered with root water, cover sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：Transplanting 5 days after, remove sunshade net, by the urea of concentration 0.2%, 0.2% composite fertilizer and
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of 30ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 6 days, after transplanting 9 days, by the metrifonate of concentration 0.2% and the compound nitrophenol of 25ppm
Sodium, it is primary every sprinkling in 8 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, 15 ~ 30 DEG C of temperature are kept during temporary planting；It examines, such as finds thrips,
Immediately 1 is pressed with any one of three kinds of 80% orthene missible oil or the happy chrysanthemum ester of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen and water:1000
Volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which to take appropriate measures to torrential rain, has to cover before torrential rain thin
Film prevents torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, water is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 30%, gives
Natural lighting and humiture are given, 5 days before field planting, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 2% is applied, 2 days before field planting, applies 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate
1000 times and the mixed liquor spraying of 10ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates；Temporary planting and hardening totally 21 days, you can field planting.
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15-15.
The survival rate that this method cane seedlings are planted is used as 98.0%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of cane seedlings are planted method, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）Prepare matrix：By matrix A Queensland nut chaffs：Peat=2~3:1 volume ratio mixing, matrix B vermiculites：River sand=1~
2:1 volume ratio mixing, is sterilized with 40% formalin, air-dried 10~15 days；
（2）Prepare before cane seedlings temporary planting：Stop fertilising within 7 days before temporary planting, spraying pesticide is primary in 3 days before temporary planting；
（3）It is laid with matrix：The matrix B of 1~2cm is spread in the cavities bottom of temporary planting hole tray, is then covered with the matrix A of 4~6cm；
（4）Transplanting：Take the cane seedlings of 12~17cm high, cut to blade, it is deep to dig on cavities matrix A 2~3cm
Cane seedlings are put into hole by hole, and compacting is watered with root water, covers sunshade net；
（5）It is planted period management：After transplanting 5~7 days, sunshade net is removed, by the urea of concentration 0.05~0.3%, 0.1~0.2%
Composite fertilizer and the compound sodium nitrophenolate of 20~40ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 6~8 days, after transplanting 7~9 days, by concentration 0.1~0.5%
The compound sodium nitrophenolate of metrifonate and 15~30ppm, it is primary every sprinkling in 8~10 days, ventilation, matrix moistening, temperature are kept during temporary planting
15~30 DEG C of degree, examines, and such as finds thrips, is found pleasure in immediately with 80% orthene missible oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate or 25% oxygen
Any one of three kinds of chrysanthemum ester presses 1 with water:1000 volume ratio mixing, week spray is primary, during which torrential rain is adopted
Measure is taken, masking film is had to before torrential rain, prevents torrential rain from being washed away to cane seedlings, matrix；
（6）Hardening before field planting：Previous week is colonized, reduces irrigation amount, water is watered with again when matrix A moisture content is 25~35%, gives
Natural lighting and humiture are given, 5 days before field planting, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of a concentration 1~2% is applied, 1~2 day before field planting, applies 40% Rogor
The mixed liquor of 1000 times of missible oil and 5~10ppm diethylamino ethanol caproates is sprayed；Temporary planting and hardening totally 20~25 days, you can
Field planting.
2. cane seedlings temporary planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Queensland nut chaff is by Australia heavily fortified point
Fruit exocarp and middle pericarp crush obtained.
3. cane seedlings temporary planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Queensland nut chaff grain size specification is
≤18mm。
4. cane seedlings temporary planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The composite fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content
Respectively 10-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
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| CN113854090B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Seedling raising method for improving perennial root performance of sugarcane |
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