CN102870657B

CN102870657B - Soilless cultivation method for moringa oleifera L.

Info

Publication number: CN102870657B
Application number: CN2011101962908A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘昌芬; 杨焱; 龙继明
Original assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Current assignee: Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
Priority date: 2011-07-14
Filing date: 2011-07-14
Publication date: 2013-10-16
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-14
Also published as: CN102870657A

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-and-stable-yield soilless cultivation method which is unaffected by regions and external air temperature for a tropical woody plant moringa oleifera L., and belongs to the field of agricultural technology. The method provided by the invention is mainly composed of three parts comprising culture medium component, manufacturing of simple culturing bed, and cultivation method; the culture medium is composed of macadimia nut peel or rice husk, coarse sand or ceramsite, thoroughly decomposed organic manure in various ratios; the manufacturing materials and processesof the simple culturing bed are described in details; the cultivation method featured in simple operation comprises the following steps of seeding, watering, manure spreading, picking, trimming, and temperature controlling.

Description

The Moringa soilless culture method

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to the soilless culture method of a kind of tropical woody plant Moringa stable high yield, comprise cultivation matrix component, the making of cultivation bed and cultivation method.

Background technology

Moringa ( Moringa oleiferaL.) belong to Moringaceae Moringa plant, Moringa is a kind of torrid zone of mystery, the subtropics multi-functional plant, long edible history is arranged, nutritious and comprehensive, it is the best vegetable protein of having found at present, vitamin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, the various nutrients such as selenium source, a kind of tropical plants that unique economic worth and health-care efficacy are arranged, cultivation and growth are subjected to region and temperature restriction greatly, conventional cultivation yields poorly, degenerate fast, for addressing these problems, go out Moringa booth soilless culture method by Summary of Experimental Research for many years, the method cultivation Moringa output is higher more than 5 times than conventional cultivation output.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of region and outside air temperature of not being subjected to affects, and the Moringa of can gathering in the anniversary significantly improves the soilless culture method of Moringa output, comprises that cultivation matrix component, cultivation bed make and a cultivation method.

Cultivation matrix: with volume ratio macadamia nut pericarp or husk: thick river sand or haydite: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=3～5:0～1:1～2, wherein 2 or 3 fully mix for subsequent use.

Cultivation bed is made a material: diameter is 1～1.5cm reinforcing bar, diameter greater than the iron wire of 0.5cm or uncorruptible plastics thick line, width is other good materials of permeability such as the highdensity shading screen of high-quality more than the 150cm or fly net.

Cultivation bed preparation method: reinforcing bar is cut into 100～110cm long, it is for subsequent use that an end bends to the hole, garden; The level land is 120～140cm with chalk or the standardized width of lime, the rectangle line that length is not limit, and along the line with reinforcing bar piling, 3 reinforcing bars of two head width nail, every 1 reinforcing bar of 100cm nail, reinforcing bar is 50cm in the degree of depth of soil on the length line, keeps firm; Passing also from the hole, garden of every reinforcing bar with iron wire or plastics thick line, fixed strain surrounds a rectangle; Be placed on iron wire or the plastics thick line with shading screen or fly net, the length in the outside reaches ground and gets final product, but inboard multiple spot, inside and outside two-layer shading screen or fly net are being fixed on the reinforcing bar with uncorruptible plastic cord near ground, inboard net is tiled in the ground pours the matrix of getting ready into the cultivation bed, smooth rear 1 wide 120～140cm, high 40～60cm, the cultivation bed that length is not limit completes; Each cultivates the 40～45cm that is spaced apart of bed.

Cultivation method:

1) sowing: seed is soaked 24～48h with 2000 times of liquid green prosperous 2 or other bactericide, directly Moringa seed is sowed in matrix, every seed be spaced apart 20～24cm, degree of depth 2cm.

2) feedwater: from be seeded into emerge front every day trickle once, every 5～8 days trickles once, and the control water yield prevents root-rot after emerging.　

3) fertilising: begin fertilising after gathering for the first time, the rear fertilising that all needs of at every turn gathering later on; Chemical fertilizer and fertilizer are used alternatingly: chemical fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water and uses, every strain 1～2g; Fertilizer with spread fertilizer over the fields every strain 10～20g after nut pericarp or husk mix; Gather at every turn and sprayed foliage fertilizer in rear 10 days.

4) gather: when Moringa height approximately during 100cm, carry out gathering the first time, collecting method is that the first compound leaf petiole place that launches fully under growing point directly takes the dish tip with hand, or is cutting mature leaf and the tender tip from cultivation matrix 60～70cm place with secateurs; Gathered once every 30～45 days later on, depend on managerial skills and temperature the blanking time of at every turn gathering.

5) prune: pruning from cultivation matrix 50～60cm place after gathering for the first time, the first compound leaf and the Lao Ye of other impact growth and withe or the stem of diameter＜0.5cm on each major branch extractd in the end of at every turn gathering later, extracts all blades below the plant 30cm; Whenever gather and carrying out the major branch retraction from cultivation matrix 40～60cm place after 6 times.

6) temperature control: the epiphragma of when temperature is lower than 20 ℃, puing up a shed, keep canopy temperature in interior daytime at 25～35 ℃, night, temperature was not less than 10 ℃.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Fully mix as the cultivation cultivation matrix with 3 parts of macadamia nut pericarps, 1 part of thick river sand and 1 part of fertilizer, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 2

5 parts of macadamia nut pericarps, 1 part of thick river sand and 1 part of fertilizer are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 3

3 parts of macadamia nut pericarps, 1 part of haydite and 1 part of fertilizer are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 4

5 parts of macadamia nut pericarps, 1 part of haydite and 1 part of fertilizer are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 5

4 parts of macadamia nut pericarps and 1 part of fertilizer are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 6

5 parts of macadamia nut pericarps and 1 part of fertilizer are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 7

3 parts of husks, 1 part of haydite and 2 parts of fertilizers are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Embodiment 8

3 parts of husks, 1 part of thick river sand and 2 parts of fertilizers are fully mixed as the cultivation cultivation matrix, carry out cultivating Moringa oleifera with above-mentioned cultivation method.

Claims

1. A kind of region and outside air temperature of not being subjected to affects, and the Moringa of can gathering in the anniversary significantly improves the soilless culture method of Moringa output, comprises that cultivation matrix component, cultivation bed make and a cultivation method:

Cultivation matrix: with volume ratio macadamia nut pericarp or husk: thick river sand or haydite: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=3～5:0～1:1～2;

Cultivation bed is made a material: diameter is 1～1.5cm reinforcing bar, diameter greater than the iron wire of 0.5cm or uncorruptible plastics thick line, width is the highdensity shading screen of high-quality or fly net more than the 150cm;

Cultivation bed preparation method: reinforcing bar is cut into 100～110cm long, it is for subsequent use that an end bends to circular hole; The level land is 120～140cm with chalk or the standardized width of lime, the rectangle line that length is not limit, and along the line with reinforcing bar piling, 3 reinforcing bars of two head width nail, every 1 reinforcing bar of 100cm nail, reinforcing bar is 50cm in the degree of depth of soil on the length line, keeps firm; Pass with iron wire or the plastics thick line circular hole from every reinforcing bar, fixed strain surrounds a rectangle; Shading screen or fly net are placed on iron wire or the plastics thick line, the length in the outside reaches ground and gets final product, inboard multiple spot, inside and outside two-layer shading screen or fly net are being fixed on the reinforcing bar with uncorruptible plastic cord near ground, inboard net is tiled in the ground pours the matrix of getting ready into the cultivation bed, smooth rear 1 wide 120～140cm, high 40～60cm, the cultivation bed that length is not limit completes; Each cultivates the 40～45cm that is spaced apart of bed;

Cultivation method:

A sowing: seed is soaked 24～48h with 2000 times of liquid green prosperous 2, directly Moringa seed is sowed in matrix, every seed be spaced apart 20～24cm, degree of depth 2cm;

B feedwater: from be seeded into emerge front every day trickle once, every 5～8 days trickles once, and the control water yield prevents root-rot after emerging;

C fertilising: begin fertilising after gathering for the first time, the rear fertilising that all needs of at every turn gathering later on; Chemical fertilizer and fertilizer are used alternatingly: chemical fertilizer is dissolved in the irrigation water and uses, every strain 1～2g; Fertilizer with spread fertilizer over the fields every strain 10～20g after nut pericarp or husk mix; Gather at every turn and sprayed foliage fertilizer in rear 10 days;

D gathers: when Moringa height approximately during 100cm, carry out gathering the first time, collecting method is that the first compound leaf petiole place that launches fully under growing point directly takes the dish tip with hand, or is cutting mature leaf and the tender tip from cultivation matrix 60～70cm place with secateurs; Gathered once every 30～45 days later on, depend on managerial skills and temperature the blanking time of at every turn gathering;

The E pruning: pruning from cultivation matrix 50～60cm place after gathering for the first time, the first compound leaf and the Lao Ye of other impact growth and withe or the stem of diameter＜0.5cm on each major branch extractd in the end of at every turn gathering later, extracts all blades below the plant 30cm; Whenever gather and carrying out the major branch retraction from cultivation matrix 40～60cm place after 6 times;

Temperature control: the epiphragma of puing up a shed when temperature is lower than 20 ℃ when daytime, keep canopy temperature in interior daytime at 25～35 ℃, night, temperature was not less than 10 ℃.