CN102356739A - Method for reducing pollution caused by heavy metals including arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in paddy rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing pollution caused by heavy metals including arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in paddy rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing pollution caused by heavy metals including arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in paddy rice. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) spraying a bivalent manganese fertilizer in the amount of 2-30 grams per mu at the initial booting stage of paddy rice, and irrigating into a paddy field within 2-3 days; and (2) spraying a selenium fertilizer in the amount of 1-5 grams per mu at the full heading stage of the paddy rice. Due to the adoption of the method, the content of heavy metals in the paddy rice can be lowered, and the yield as well as the content of trace mineral nutritional elements in rice can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to paddy rice planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method that reduces arsenic in the paddy rice, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution.
Background technology
Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury are that it has very strong animal migration in paddy soil-Rice System to the equal environmental contaminants of toxic effect of animals and plants.This type heavy metal pollution not only affects rice yield, and also enrichment in rice easily has a strong impact on the health quality and the nutritional quality of rice, by people edible after, health is caused serious potential threat.In recent years; Along with the processing of the excessive emissions of the mass development of mining industry, industry " three wastes ", solid waste is not good at, trade waste is agricultural etc.; All caused content of beary metal such as arsenic in the soil, lead, cadmium, mercury sharply to increase; Further by the plant absorbing enrichment, thereby produce the heavy metals exceeding standard agricultural product.In recent years, national environmental protection department and Food Monitoring department have issued nearly hundred, children and even adult long-term edible heavy metals exceeding standard food, the disease that causes and recessive health problem.As occurring in " cadmium pollution " incident of zhuzhou,hunan in 2006, quite a few villager is judged as chronic cadium poisoning through health check-up, and arable soil receives cadmium pollution, heavy metal severe overweight in the paddy simultaneously.Therefore, solution is needed in control and the heavy metal pollution of reduction rice badly.
To present paddy soil and the serious day by day present situation of rice heavy metal pollution, carried out a large amount of work both at home and abroad and controlled and reduce pollution of heavy metals in rice, comprise that screening low heavy metal accumulation kind and agronomic culture are technological.Paddy rice is the basis of the special kind of screening to the interracial difference of heavy metal accumulation ability, but this species diversity is not to continue and stable difference, and is relevant with the metabolic pathway of rice in utilization metallic ore prime element, even receives the rich influence of owing degree of environment mineral.Simultaneously owing to do not consider the particularly influence of mineral element in the soil of environment during screening low heavy metal accumulation kind; Therefore the successful kind of screening also exists areal variation and annual difference; When current production; The kind that does not also have the ability extensive use, and this method also is difficult to realize lowering effectively, accurately heavy metal pollution.
Can be to influence paddy rice to absorb and the major reason that accumulates by the heavy metal of plant absorbing accumulation in the soil; Therefore people's trial is controlled through the agronomic culture technology and is reduced the absorption of paddy rice to heavy metal, like methods such as the control of rice field rich water, soil pH regulation and control and soil redox potential regulation and control.These methods through the labor water resource, follow approach such as healthy trace elements with household such as reducing calcium, manganese, zinc to obtain the part effect, but more harm than good, and be in the theoretical supposition stage mostly, can not fine solution practical problem.
Therefore, effective way is through the research paddy rice biological approach that heavy metal absorbs, transports metabolism to be realized.Patent 200710070666.4 discloses soil heavy metal cadmium can absorb this approach in the metabolic pathway entering plant corpus to iron through paddy rice; Invented and executed the ferrous fertilizer of chelating attitude through soil and control the measure of heavy metal cadmium accumulation of paddy agronomic technique; This technology needs with a large amount of iron fertilizers; Cost is also bigger, and the peasant is difficult to bear in practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can reduce content of beary metal such as arsenic in the paddy rice, lead, cadmium, mercury, improve the method for arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution in the reduction paddy rice of micro-mineral nutrient element content in output and the rice.
The method of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution comprises the steps: in this reduction paddy rice provided by the invention
1) spray the divalence manganese fertilizer at the paddy rice booting initial stage, amount of application is counted 2-30g/ mu with manganese, and pour water in the rice field in 2-3 days;
2) in paddy rice full heading time Spraying Se-fertilizer, amount of application is counted 1-5 gram/mu with selenium;
Said divalence manganese fertilizer is with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid manganese sodium (EDTA-Na2Mn), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid disodium manganese (DTPA-Na
2Mn), trisodium N hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid manganese (HEDTA-Na
2Mn), ethene two ammonium two (neighbour) hydroxy acid sodium manganese (EDDHA-Na2Mn), shitosan chelating bivalent manganese, manganese sulphate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, contain unification compounds such as manganese mud or composition is the solid or the liquid fertilizer of Main Ingredients and Appearance.
Said selenium fertile for sodium selenite, selenium dioxide, red nano selenium, selenide of carragheen, contain selenium slag one-component or blending ingredients is the soluble solids or the liquid fertilizer of Main Ingredients and Appearance.
Heavy metal arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury etc. absorb and transhipment with bivalent form and crop usually, the heavy metal chemical property and the Mn of this form
2+, Fe
2+, Zn
2+Similar Deng extremely, when the crop absorption and transport, there is the effect of mutual antagonism, and Mn
2+, Fe
2+, Zn
2+Deng mineral element is the nutritive element of plant growth, has participated in important function such as crop growth, so in certain growth period; Through the blade face replenish these micro-element nutrition fertilizer can the antagonism crop to the absorption of heavy metal contaminants, and can block heavy metal and be transported to the seed, and absorption and utilization that the selenium fertilizer of low dosage also can the antagonism heavy metal from the cane position; The present invention according to rice plant to the weak selectivity of metallic ore prime element can absorb simultaneously and turn round all kinds of heavy metals and micronutrient element; Like arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and manganese, selenium etc., and these weak selectivity absorb and delivery system receives soil and execute manganese, the fertile regulation and control of selenium outward, and manganese fertilizer that the present invention uses and selenium are fertile; Its raw material sources are extensive, usage amount is few, pollution-free to soil; Use cost is low, and this method generally is applicable to China various places heavy metal pollution area, can significantly reduce content of beary metal in the paddy rice; Improve micro-mineral nutrient element content in output and the rice; Selenium constituent content particularly, healthy useful to the people, and the favourable influence that can produce raising the output, improve quality paddy growth.The method that this method adopts foliage-spray manganese fertilizer and selenium fertilizer to combine; For reducing content of beary metal in the paddy rice; Micro-mineral nutrient element content has better effect in raising output and the rice; Compared with prior art, the present technique scope of application is wider, operation is simpler, more economical and effective, and overcomes many unfavorable factors of prior art.The paddy rice enriching heavy metal has two topmost periods, and paddy rice is transported to the seed position from the soil absorption and transport to acrial part with from acrial part.Foliage-spray manganese fertilizer and selenium fertilizer are mainly controlled second stage, are transported to the seed position through the retardance heavy metal from acrial part and realize lowering the absorption of rice to heavy metal.The present invention is employed in the mode that different critical period foliage-spray manganese fertilizers and selenium fertilizer combine, and is more easier than existing technology, effectively lower the pollution of heavy metals in rice effect.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1: the experiment that the attenuating heavy metal Cd of the fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium in rice varieties special excellent 388 polluted
1. supply the examination material
The test site is positioned at Jiang Bei village, ChangSha, Hunan Province county, and the test water rice varieties is special excellent 388, rice transplanting on June 12, harvesting on October 8.River back of the body soil types and chemical property are pH6.20, organic 43.7g/kg, full nitrogen 2.89g/kg; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 221.0mg/kg, available phosphorus 3.9mg/kg, available potassium 124.0mg/kg; Full cadmium 0.50mg/kg, complete plumbous 49.7mg/kg, full arsenic 12.1mg/kg; Full chromium 113.3mg/kg, full mercury 0.03mg/kg.
2. concrete experimental design
Adopt field plot trial, 6 sub-districts of parallel processing, each sub-district area 6 m * 6 m=36 m
2, base manure is composite fertilizer (NPK15-15-15) 25 kg/ mus, topdresses to be urea (10 kg/ mu).The blade face spray is that raw material contains manganese humic acid fertilizer (amount of application is counted every mu of 2g with manganese) with the manganese sulphate in booting stage, and spraying with red nano selenium at full heading time is the selenium fertile (amount of application is counted every mu 2 gram with selenium) of raw material.Field management measure is accustomed to according to the locality.
3. sample collection and mensuration
Foundation soil is got the multiple spot aggregate sample before the shoot transplanting equipment, and soil sample send farmingization inspection center of Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst. to carry out the physicochemical character analysis through air-dry after grinding 20 orders and 100 mesh sieves.Get 5 root and stem of certain plants paddy appearance during rice harves at random, the species test analysis is carried out in neat root harvesting after paddy dries, after species test finishes paddy is gone rough pulverizing, send Hunan Province food analogue analysis center to carry out the mensuration of brown rice Se, Cd then.
4. result and analysis
Can find out that from result of the test paddy rice plant height, thousand kernel weight and species test output rise to some extent, others all do not have significant difference.This shows that manganese fertilizer and selenium fertilizer are united use paddy growth is had no adverse effect, and see table 1.
The fertile coupling of table 1 manganese fertilizer selenium is to the influence of paddy growth
| Handle | Plant height (cm) | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Species test output (kg/hm 2) |
| Control group | 113.3±5.77 | 26.4±1.06 | 12329±1255 |
| Processed group | 114.3±4.04 | 26.8±0.09 | 13075±1620 |
Cadmium content compares from measure processed group and control group brown rice simultaneously, and the Cd content in the processed group paddy rice brown rice significantly reduces, and decrease by 26.6%, and Se content increases significantly, and Se content increases by 580%, reaches the selenium-rich rice standard.It is thus clear that the fertile symphyogenetic method of manganese fertilizer and selenium can significantly reduce the heavy metal pollution in the rice, Cd is polluted be reduced in the GB, has improved Se content in the rice simultaneously, has improved rice quality greatly.The fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium is seen table 2 to the influence of heavy metal cadmium.
The fertile coupling of table 2 manganese fertilizer selenium is to the influence of heavy metal cadmium
| ? | Cd（mg/kg） | Reduce (%) | Se（mg/kg） | Increase (%) |
| Control group | 0.234±0.0045 | - | 0.036±0.0015 | - |
| Processed group | 0.172±0.0040 | 26.6 | 0.242±0.0085 | 580 |
Embodiment 2: the experiment that the fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium is polluted in the attenuating heavy metal Cd of the yellow Hua Zhanzhong of rice varieties
1. supply the examination material
Huang Xing town, ChangSha, Hunan Province, test site county, the test water rice varieties is Huang Huazhan, rice transplanting on June 27, harvesting on October 16.Huang Xing town soil types and chemical property are pH4.90, organic 33.7g/kg, full nitrogen 2.06g/kg; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 223.0mg/kg, available phosphorus 4.2mg/kg, available potassium 82.0mg/kg; Full cadmium 9.02mg/kg, complete plumbous 41.1mg/kg, full arsenic 13.3mg/kg; Full chromium 81.8mg/kg, full mercury 0.06mg/kg.
2. concrete experimental design
Adopt field plot trial, 6 sub-districts of parallel processing, each sub-district area 6 m * 6 m=36 m
2, base manure is composite fertilizer (NPK15-15-15) 60 kg/ mus, topdresses to be urea (12 kg/ mu).Booting stage foliage-spray be that raw material contains manganese humic acid fertilizer (amount of application is counted every mu of 2g with manganese) with the manganese sulphate, spraying with the nanometer selenium at full heading time is the rich selenium source fertile (amount of application is counted every mu 2 gram with selenium) of raw material.Field management measure is accustomed to according to the locality.
3. sample collection and mensuration
Foundation soil is got the multiple spot aggregate sample before the shoot transplanting equipment, and soil sample send farmingization inspection center of Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Inst. to carry out the physicochemical character analysis through air-dry after grinding 20 orders and 100 mesh sieves.Get 5 root and stem of certain plants paddy appearance during rice harves at random, the species test analysis is carried out in neat root harvesting after paddy dries, after species test finishes paddy is gone rough pulverizing, send Hunan Province food analogue analysis center to carry out the mensuration of brown rice Se, Cd and soil Se then.
4. result and analysis
Can find out that from result of the test paddy rice plant height, thousand kernel weight and species test output have rising slightly, but all do not have significant difference.This shows that it is not obvious to the influence of paddy growth that manganese fertilizer and selenium fertilizer are united use, has no adverse effect, and sees table 3.
The fertile coupling of table 3 manganese fertilizer selenium is to the influence of paddy growth
| Handle | Plant height (cm) | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Species test output (kg/hm 2) |
| Control group | 81.7±1.5 | 20.0±1.02 | 9899±415 |
| Processed group | 80.0±5.0 | 19.6±0.21 | 10158±1012 |
Cadmium content compares from measure processed group and control group brown rice simultaneously, and the Cd content in the processed group paddy rice brown rice significantly reduces, and decrease by 23.7%, and Se content increases significantly, and Se content increases by 203%, reaches the selenium-rich rice standard.It is thus clear that the fertile symphyogenetic method of manganese fertilizer and selenium can significantly reduce the heavy metal pollution in the rice, Cd is polluted be reduced in the GB, has improved Se content in the rice simultaneously, has improved rice quality greatly.The fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium is seen table 4 to the influence of heavy metal cadmium.
The fertile coupling of table 4 manganese fertilizer selenium is to the influence of heavy metal cadmium
| ? | Cd（mg/kg） | Reduce (%) | Se（mg/kg） | Increase (%) |
| Control group | 0.198±0.0042 | - | 0.095±0.0032 | - |
| Processed group | 0.151±0.0012 | 23.7 | 0.288±0.0044 | 203 |
Other embodiment:
1, the experiment that the attenuating heavy metal Cd of the fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium (other prescriptions) in rice varieties special excellent 388 polluted (manganese fertilizer is for being the manganese source with the manganese sulphate, and selenium is fertile in being selenium source with red nano selenium)
2, (manganese fertilizer is the manganese source with the manganese sulphate to the fertile coupling of manganese fertilizer selenium, counts 10g with manganese to the influence of other heavy metals; Selenium fertilizer is selenium source with red nano selenium, counts 3g with selenium)
Unit: mg/kg
| ? | Selenium | Arsenic | Mercury | Cadmium | Plumbous |
| Control group | 0.11 | 0.072 | 0.0019 | 0.21 | 0.12 |
| Processed group | 0.34 | 0.051 | 0.0009 | 0.16 | 0.08 |
| Changing value | +0.23 | -0.021 | -0.001 | -0.05 | 0.04 |
| Rate of change | +209% | -29.2% | -52.6% | -23.8% | -33.3% |
Claims (5)
1. a method that reduces arsenic in the paddy rice, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) spray the divalence manganese fertilizer at the paddy rice booting initial stage, amount of application is counted 2-30g/ mu with manganese, and pour water in the rice field in 2-3 days;
2) in paddy rice full heading time Spraying Se-fertilizer, amount of application is counted 1-5 gram/mu with selenium.
2. the method for arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution in the reduction paddy rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that said divalence manganese fertilizer is with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid manganese sodium (EDTA-Na2Mn), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid disodium manganese (DTPA-Na
2Mn), trisodium N hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid manganese (HEDTA-Na
2Mn), ethene two ammonium two (neighbour) hydroxy acid sodium manganese (EDDHA-Na2Mn), shitosan chelating bivalent manganese, manganese sulphate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, contain solid or liquid fertilizer that unification compound or composition in the manganese mud are Main Ingredients and Appearance; Said selenium fertile for sodium selenite, selenium dioxide, red nano selenium, selenide of carragheen, contain soluble solids or liquid fertilizer that one-component or blending ingredients in the selenium slag are Main Ingredients and Appearance.
3. the method for arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution in the reduction according to claim 1 paddy rice is characterized in that foliage-spray manganese fertilizer or selenium meets rain in fertile 4 hours and all should spray again.
4. the method for arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution is characterized in that the amount of application of the divalence manganese fertilizer in the step 1) is counted 5-15g/ mu with manganese in the reduction paddy rice according to claim 1 and 2.
5. the method for arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury heavy metal pollution in according to claim 1 or claim 2 the reduction paddy rice is characterized in that step 2) in the fertile amount of application of selenium count 2-3 gram/mu with selenium.
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