CN104206219A - Method for lowering lead concentration of rice by applying selenium to rice field - Google Patents
Method for lowering lead concentration of rice by applying selenium to rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206219A CN104206219A CN201410462208.5A CN201410462208A CN104206219A CN 104206219 A CN104206219 A CN 104206219A CN 201410462208 A CN201410462208 A CN 201410462208A CN 104206219 A CN104206219 A CN 104206219A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for lowering the lead concentration of rice by applying selenium to a rice field, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of heavy metal pollution on agricultural products. The method is characterized in that the total amount of selenium applied to a lead-polluted rice field is 120 g/hm<2> (8g per mu counted by pure Se); selenium is applied in three times, namely, one third of the total application amount of selenium is applied respectively one day before rice seedling transplanting, 20 days after seedling transplanting and three days before heading respectively. Compared with a common way of not applying selenium (comparison) in practical production of rice, the method has the implementation effects that the lead concentration of rice is lowered greatly (the lead concentration of non-glutinous rice is lowered by 72.4 percent, and the lead concentration of round-grained non-glutinous rice is lowered by 64.9 percent), and moreover the rice yield is increased remarkably (the yields of non-glutinous rice and round-grained non-glutinous rice are increased by 7.6 percent and 6.1 percent respectively).
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that selenium method is executed in a kind of rice field reducing rice lead concentration, belongs to agricultural product Heavy Metal Pollution technology.
Background technology
In all heavy metal contaminants, the degree of concern that plumbous (Pb) is subject to is the highest, because Pb is of many uses, has become the metallic element that contaminated area is maximum.On earth, almost can not find not by the place that Pb pollutes, even the Pb content of arctic ice sheet is 10-100 times of prehistoric ice sheet Pb content, and the Pb content of South Pole ice sheet is than Arctic pack floor height 10 times.
Excessive Pb is to toxic effects of multiple organ such as the genital system of the nervous centralis of human body, red blood cell, kidney, cardiovascular and men and women.Long term test shows, the pregnancy duration and infancy contact the Pb (blood Pb concentration is 10-20 μ g/dl) compared with low dosage, irreversible, untreatable and adjoint lifelong infringement can be caused to the central nervous system of children, cause children's intelligence to decline, react slow and absent minded etc.According to the study, within 24 months, large child's blood Pb content is higher, still shows amentia to during 10 one full year of life.Due to the murder by poisoning of Pb, when 7 years old, the amentia of performance can be measured to when 18 years old.Recent research concentrates on the toxicity of Pb to people of low dosage, thinks that safe dosage may exist the murder by poisoning without clinical symptoms in the past, and is called as " subclinical toxicity ", as intelligence declines, nerve conduction velocity reduces, and ferroheme synthesis reduces, and uric acid excretion is abnormal.Pb is classified as the carcinogen possible to the mankind by international cancer research institution (International Agency for Research on Cancer).
In industrial and mining area and the developed area of China, along with the fast development of the increase of the size of population, industry and traffic, the using in a large number of agricultural chemicals, the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land soil is on the rise.China digs up mine to 20 many places, smelt and the investigation of industrial wastewater pollution point shows, the farmland Pb in some areas pollutes very serious, and area and degree in rising trend, the rice Pb content of these contaminated regions reaches 0.5-3.0mg/kg, all exceedes state health standards.According to the research of Department of Geography of East China Normal University, in Chongming Island both sides of highway vegetable sample, Pb content overproof rate is up to 43.2%.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science research shows, Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway both sides are within the scope of curb 250 meters, the Pb that soil and wheat have been subject in various degree pollutes, and in soil, Pb contamination index is maximum reaches 3.26, and in both sides of highway wheat seed, Pb content overproof rate reaches 99%.Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing soil the sampling Detection in county of city of Jiangsu Province 8 28 is shown, Jiangsu Province's grain (rice, wheat, flour) Pb content overproof rate is 21.4%, and some areas exceeding standard rate reaches 66%.According to the investigation of Changsha agricultural modernization institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1986-1988, Hunan Province's main industrial and mining area paddy soil Pb content is 52-1021mg/kg, than background value height 0.6-37 times of similar parent material development soil.According to various places sample investigation, industrial area, city and the contaminated areas such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Nanjing, blood of children Pb mean value is generally higher than 10 μ g/dl, and some areas reach 30 μ g/dl.
According to the study, the Pb in food plant is the important sources of Pb in human body.In heavy metal pollution district, the Pb that human body is taken in has 50-90% to derive from food, and wherein the overwhelming majority derives from grain and vegetables.Therefore, the migration of Pb in soil-rice-human system and accumulation are shown great attention to.
Pb concentration in rice not only can be subject to the impact of soil pollution situation and rice varieties, also can be subject to the impact of culture technique.In growth process of riceplant, the agronomic measures such as fertilising, water management can change the physics and chemistry situation of soil and the upgrowth situation of paddy rice, thus can change the existence of Pb in soil and the validity to plant, affect paddy rice to the absorption of Pb and distribution.There are some researches show, selenium is executed in rice field can reduce the absorption of paddy rice to Pb, but selenium level of executing about rice field and execute selenium period in the affecting of rice Pb concentration, yet there are no open report, thus lack the rice field reducing Pb concentration in rice and execute selenium method.
The present invention is on the basis that applicant studies for many years, and disclose a kind of in the rice field that heavy metal Pb pollutes, significantly can reduce the Pb concentration of rice, selenium method is executed in the rice field that can significantly improve again rice yield.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of rice field reducing Pb concentration in rice to execute selenium method, significantly can reduce the Pb concentration of rice, rice yield is also significantly improved.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: selenium method is executed in a kind of rice field reducing rice Pb concentration, it is characterized in that:
(1) execute selenium level: height executes selenium level, executing selenium amount is 120g/hm
2(in pure Se, amounting to every mu of 8g).
(2) execute selenium period: point to use for 3 times, respectively before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings 1 day, transplant seedlings after 20 days and first 3 days each Shi of earing always execute 1/3 of selenium amount.
Before executing selenium, first rice field is filled with pellicular water (about 3cm), spray fertile soluble in water for selenium, per hectare water consumption is about 450kg, evenly sprays application in rice field, pour water after allowing water layer naturally fall to doing again after selenium fertilizer dissolves mixing, not draining before water layer falls to doing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: after Pb contaminated region, rice field is implemented, significantly can reduce the Pb concentration of rice, rice yield is also significantly improved.Do not execute compared with selenium (contrast) with conventional in paddy rice actual production, large (the long-grained nonglutinous rice decline 72.4% of Pb concentration fall of rice, japonica rice declines 64.9%), and rice yield is significantly improved (long-grained nonglutinous rice improves 7.6%, and japonica rice improves 6.1%) (see table 1, table 2).Heavy metal Pb serious pollution area, rice field (P in soil b concentration is 1000mg/kg), by the enforcement of this application art solutions, significantly rice food can be passed through to the intake of Pb by low human body.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: selenium method is executed in a kind of rice field reducing rice Pb concentration, within the whole Rice Production cycle, always executing selenium amount is 120g/hm
2(in pure Se), amounts to every mu of 8g.Point to use for 3 times, respectively before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings 1 day, transplant seedlings after 20 days and first 3 days each Shi of earing always execute 1/3 of selenium amount.Because the selenium content of the fertile kind of different selenium is variant, when executing selenium, concrete fertilizing amount to be calculated according to the selenium content of concrete fertilizer variety.
Before executing selenium, first rice field is filled with pellicular water (about 3cm), spray fertile soluble in water for selenium, per hectare water consumption is about 450kg, evenly sprays application in rice field, pour water after allowing water layer naturally fall to doing again after selenium fertilizer dissolves mixing, not draining before water layer falls to doing.
In the selection of rice varieties, the japonica rice variety more weak to Pb absorbing capacity in soil should be selected, should not select the stronger long-grained nonglutinous rice of Pb absorbing capacity or Hybrid Rice Varieties.
Mode below by list proves that the present embodiment significantly can reduce the Pb concentration of rice further, and rice yield is also significantly improved.In table, data obtain under P in soil b concentration is 1000mg/kg (serious pollution degree) condition, and its nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer Application are medium Fertilization Level, and other control measures are undertaken by Rice Production routine.
The rice lead concentration that table 1 rice field difference is executed under selenium method compares (unit: mg/kg)
Note: selenium phase code is executed in rice field
A: disposable employed as base manure (paddy rice is transplanted seedlings first 1 day).
B: divide and execute selenium 2 times.Before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings, 1 day (base manure) and latter 20 days (tillering fertilizer) each Shi that transplant seedlings always execute 1/2 of selenium amount respectively.
C: divide and execute selenium 3 times.Before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings, 1 day (base manure), transplant seedlings latter 20 days (tillering fertilizer), first 3 days (granulated fertilizer) each Shi of earing always execute 1/3 of selenium amount respectively.
The rice yield that table 2 rice field difference is executed under selenium method compares (unit: kg/hm
2)
From executing selenium level and executing selenium aspect in period two, it is visible that his-and-hers watches 1 and table 2 carry out analysis:
(1) execute selenium level, execute selenium amount in pure Se.
Execute selenium level lower time (low amounts or middle amount execute selenium), to compare fall less with not executing selenium (contrast) for rice Pb concentration, the amount of increase in production of rice yield also higher amount to execute selenium little;
(2) selenium period is executed
Point to execute selenium for 3 times disposable employed with as base manure (paddy rice is transplanted seedlings first 1 day) or divide to use for 2 times as base manure and tillering fertilizer (transplanting seedlings latter 20 days) and compare, the Pb concentration of rice has and significantly declines, and rice yield is significantly improved.
Claims (1)
1. a selenium method is executed in the rice field reducing rice lead concentration, it is characterized in that: interim at whole Rice Growing, and always executing selenium amount is 120g/hm
2(in pure Se), point uses for 3 times, respectively before paddy rice is transplanted seedlings 1 day, transplant seedlings after 20 days and first 3 days each Shi of earing always execute 1/3 of selenium amount.
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| CN201410462208.5A CN104206219A (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Method for lowering lead concentration of rice by applying selenium to rice field |
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| CN201410462208.5A CN104206219A (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Method for lowering lead concentration of rice by applying selenium to rice field |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105027787A (en) * | 2015-08-16 | 2015-11-11 | 常州大学 | Nitrogen application method capable of lowering lead concentration of rice in severe lead polluted rice field |
| CN105432388A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-03-30 | 罗大全 | Biological selenium-enriched rice breeding method |
| CN110800436A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-18 | 常州大学 | Rice field selenium application method for reducing chromium content of rice grains |
| CN111133966A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-12 | 常州大学 | Method for reducing arsenic concentration of rice in soil with severe arsenic pollution by applying selenium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105432388A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-03-30 | 罗大全 | Biological selenium-enriched rice breeding method |
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| CN110800436A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-18 | 常州大学 | Rice field selenium application method for reducing chromium content of rice grains |
| CN111133966A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-12 | 常州大学 | Method for reducing arsenic concentration of rice in soil with severe arsenic pollution by applying selenium |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |