CN114713623B - Method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114713623B CN114713623B CN202210291308.0A CN202210291308A CN114713623B CN 114713623 B CN114713623 B CN 114713623B CN 202210291308 A CN202210291308 A CN 202210291308A CN 114713623 B CN114713623 B CN 114713623B
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- phytic acid
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- 241000223782 Ciliophora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 241000051984 Blepharidachne Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000008946 yang xin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 arsenic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-ynoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COCC#C GZCWLCBFPRFLKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000013563 Acid Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010051457 Acid Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 101100449439 Drosophila melanogaster grass gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004763 spore germination Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001428138 Grateloupia Species 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VTXYFVHXMBFNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [As].[Cd].[Pb] Chemical compound [As].[Cd].[Pb] VTXYFVHXMBFNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012754 barrier agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003426 chemical strengthening reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZBMRKNMTMPPMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid;azane Chemical compound [NH4+].CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C([O-])=O ZBMRKNMTMPPMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100037170 Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710128683 Phosphate carrier protein, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001165494 Rhodiola Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-IUCAKERBSA-N 2,2-dichloro-n-[(1s,2s)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC)=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1 MVXMNHYVCLMLDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000258920 Chilopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001428136 Grateloupia filicina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000045595 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700019535 Phosphoprotein Phosphatases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000124844 Sedum alfredii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[P].[Ca] Chemical compound [Mg].[P].[Ca] YMKIRWHSXOBLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic(5+) Chemical compound [As+5] HAYXDMNJJFVXCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021018 plums Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using a combined phosphate fertilizer reinforced by a plant acid. The enrichment capability of ciliate desert grass As and Cd is improved by the phytic acid strengthening combined phosphate fertilizer, and a novel method is provided for the phytoremediation of the multi-metal soil pollution. The method has the characteristics of low cost, simple and convenient operation and no secondary pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal soil remediation, in particular to a method for improving the enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) by using a phytic acid-enhanced combined phosphate fertilizer.
Background
With the rapid development of the human industry, the exploitation and smelting of natural resources frequently results in a large amount of farmland soil being contaminated with heavy metals. The national pollution survey publication shows that the point exceeding rates of the arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) polluted soil are respectively 2.7 percent and 7.0 percent (environmental protection part and national resource part, 2014), wherein the As and Cd combined pollution is typical. The pollution of As and Cd in soil not only affects the growth of crops, but also forms a serious threat to human health and ecological environment safety. However, as and Cd in the soil exist in the form of anions and cations respectively, and the completely opposite chemical properties are shown, which brings great challenges to the restoration of the soil polluted by the soil As and Cd.
The existing soil heavy metal pollution restoration technology at home and abroad mainly comprises a physical restoration technology, a chemical restoration technology, a plant restoration technology and the like; their respective characteristics are as follows:
1. the physical and chemical restoration technology has the characteristics of high cost, large workload, incapability of thoroughly removing soil heavy metals, easiness in causing secondary pollution to the environment and the like, and has limitation in soil restoration application;
2. the plant repairing technology is to plant the enriched plant or the super-enriched plant in the polluted soil, and the heavy metal in the soil is safely and effectively removed by utilizing the characteristic that the plant can absorb the heavy metal and transfer the heavy metal to the overground part. The repairing technology has low cost, small disturbance to the soil and difficult secondary pollution, and is suitable for large-area soil repairing work. However, the soil is often polluted by multiple metals, and the individual superaccumulated plants cannot meet the restoration requirement, so that the efficiency of restoring multiple heavy metals by the superaccumulated plants is often enhanced by strengthening measures in the actual restoration process, such as seedling stage treatment, agronomic measures or interplanting.
Ciliate desert-grass is the first As super-accumulation plant discovered by Ma et al (2001), the leaf As content can reach 23g/kg, and at present, the mode of absorbing heavy metals by ciliate desert-grass has the following points:
1) The single ciliate desert-grass and the chemical barrier agent are combined to absorb heavy metals, and the chemical barrier agent comprises a chemical barrier material, a chemical passivation material, a chemical strengthening material and a plant growth regulating material; wherein,
a. the chemical barrier material is one or more of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, dolomite powder and potassium feldspar;
b. the chemical passivation material is one or more of polyhydroxy ferric phosphate, polyhydroxy ferric phosphate chloride, polymeric ferric chitin and ferric silicate chloride;
c. the chemical strengthening material is one or more of biological humic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, sepiolite and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
d. The plant growth regulating material is one or more of calcium magnesium phosphorus powder, calcium cyanamide, animal bone powder, straw organic fertilizer and amino acid chelating powder;
the Chinese patent publication No. CN 110918638A discloses a method for repairing arsenic-polluted soil by using ciliate desert grass activation; the chemical blocking agent is subjected to chemical reactions such as oxidation, adsorption, polymerization and the like with arsenic ions in soil, and the arsenic ions in the soil are primarily separated and precipitated, so that the arsenic ion content in the soil is primarily reduced. Meanwhile, the ciliate desert grass enriches arsenic ions in a mode of activating, extracting, adsorbing and transferring the arsenic ions in the arsenic-polluted soil, so that the treatment and repair of the arsenic-polluted soil are rapidly realized in two modes;
however, the materials selected in the patent comprise chemical barrier materials and chemical reinforcing materials, wherein the barrier materials are used for reducing the effectiveness of the arsenic in the soil, the chemical reinforcing materials are used for enhancing the activity of the arsenic in the soil, and the actions of the barrier materials and the chemical reinforcing materials are contradictory, so that the super-accumulating plant-ciliate desert-grass is not beneficial to absorbing the arsenic in the soil. The chemical blocking agent has the advantages of multiple varieties, large dosage, complicated seedling raising process of the ciliate desert-grass, high economic cost and no contribution to practical application and popularization. No actual repair data is given in the patent, the specific repair is not clear, and only arsenic can be repaired.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN 108636995A discloses a method for improving the arsenic absorption rate of ciliate desert-grass, which combines the screened activating agent (solid fertilizer), optimizes the effective supply environment of soil arsenic in the growth process of ciliate desert-grass by the regulation and control measures such as soil moisture control, soil arsenic activation and the like, and improves the enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass on the soil arsenic; the phosphorus-containing activating material is mainly selected in the patent, and can effectively activate the arsenic in the soil, so that the arsenic absorption of the ciliate desert-grass is enhanced, and the research on the cationic heavy metal absorption effect of the ciliate desert-grass is lacked.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN 112974510A discloses an application of ciliate desert-grass in repairing heavy metal arsenic pollution of soil in mines, the patent uses a chemical method to change arsenic into arsenic compounds which are difficult to be absorbed by human bodies through a chemical barrier agent, adjusts the pH value of the soil through slaked lime, increases the effectiveness of the arsenic, promotes the repairing efficiency of ciliate desert-grass, and enriches arsenic ions in the arsenic polluted soil through activating, extracting, adsorbing and transferring the arsenic ions; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculant can mycorrhize ciliate grass seedling, stimulate the growth of ciliate grass, improve the biomass of ciliate grass and enhance the arsenic absorption capacity of ciliate grass
Similar to the first patent CN 110918638A, the chemical barrier reduces the arsenic activity of the soil, affecting the arsenic absorption efficiency of ciliate desert-grass; meanwhile, the chemical blocking agent adopted is large in variety and large in dosage, is not beneficial to application and popularization in actual production, does not give specific repair data, and is not clear about specific repair conditions. The slaked lime powder is adopted to adjust the pH value of the soil to be acidic, which is not beneficial to the activation of arsenic in the soil, inhibits the phytoremediation efficiency and repairs single heavy metal. Meanwhile, the method is not applicable to alkaline arsenic contaminated soil (pH > 7.5).
2) The Chinese patent of the invention of China, such as CN106475408A, discloses a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by combining sphagnum moss and ciliate desert-grass, which has stronger capability of enriching lead, zinc, copper and arsenic ions after the sphagnum moss and ciliate desert-grass are combined for planting: the developed root system of the mozzie buster is suitable for deep soil restoration, the ciliate desert-grass is suitable for shallow soil restoration, and comprehensive restoration of soil is realized after the mozzie buster and the ciliate desert-grass are planted in a combined mode: the rich root system can perform high-efficiency composite restoration on the heavy metal polluted soil by combining the super-enrichment characteristic of lead, zinc, copper and arsenic in the soil and the interaction promotion of the lead, zinc, copper and arsenic, has obvious effect compared with the traditional soil restoration method and the independent plant restoration method, has high restoration efficiency and low restoration cost, and has a certain effect of beautifying the environment;
in the case of the patent restoration, the arsenic content of the soil is 26.69mg/kg, and the arsenic content does not exceed the soil pollution risk management and control standard, so that the patent mode is not necessarily applicable to the soil with serious arsenic pollution. The intercropping mode is complex to operate in actual production, time-consuming and labor-consuming, and difficult to popularize. In heavy metal phytoremediation, the extraction efficiency of plants is a key ring, but the corresponding extraction efficiency is not given in field experiments. The study on the repair durability of the polluted soil by the mozzarella and the ciliate desert grass is carried out in artificially polluted soil, the concentration of heavy metals in the artificially polluted soil is too high, the heavy metal form in the artificially short-term polluted soil is greatly different from that of the naturally polluted soil, and the repair effect of the naturally polluted soil cannot be reflected.
3) The Chinese patent of the invention of Chinese ciliate desert-grass, other plants and chemical strengthening materials (oxalic acid) jointly act to absorb heavy metals, such as CN 111389904A discloses a method for repairing arsenic-cadmium-lead composite contaminated soil by intercropping of oxalic acid strengthening ciliate desert-grass and southeast rhodiola, the method adopts oxalic acid strengthening ciliate desert-grass and southeast rhodiola to repair the arsenic-cadmium-lead composite contaminated soil, and adopts unique planting measures to cooperatively act, so that the removal effect of plants on heavy metals such as arsenic-cadmium-lead in the soil is remarkably improved;
the patent uses oxalic acid to activate heavy metals in soil, but exogenous oxalic acid is easy to degrade in soil and has limited retention time. Meanwhile, the patent adopts the intercropping mode of ciliate desert-grass and sedum alfredii, the operation is more complex in actual production, time and labor are wasted, and the popularization is not easy.
The three heavy metal restoration modes are high in cost, complex in operation and unfavorable for application and popularization in production, and the restored heavy metal is single, so that the restoration of the combined pollution of arsenic and cadmium is rarely researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) by using a phytic acid-reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer, and the invention utilizes the combination of the phytic acid and the phosphate fertilizer to act on ciliate desert-grass, thereby improving the effect of absorbing arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) by ciliate desert-grass; the method is simple to operate, has no secondary pollution, and can remarkably improve the efficiency of repairing heavy metals by ciliate desert-grass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs a method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using a phytic acid strengthening combined phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) Raising seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass to obtain ciliate desert-grass seedlings;
2) Cleaning the root parts of the reinforced seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass; transferring the ciliate desert-grass seedlings into a water culture solution containing phytic acid for enhanced culture, and periodically replacing the water culture solution to obtain ciliate desert-grass enhanced seedlings, wherein the water culture solution is Hoagland-Aron nutrient solution (HNS) diluted 5 times;
3) Applying phosphate fertilizer to the to-be-repaired As and Cd polluted soil; meanwhile, applying a nitrogenous fertilizer and a potash fertilizer as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 1-300 mg/kg of soil; the fertilizing amount of the N fertilizer (calculated by N) is 80mg/kg of soil, and the K fertilizer (calculated by K) 2 O meter) is 100mg/kg soil;
4) Transplanting the reinforced ciliate desert-grass seedlings obtained in the step 2) to the contaminated soil to be repaired for planting;
5) The aerial parts and the underground parts of the ciliate desert-grass are harvested regularly.
Further, in the step 1), the specific steps of the ciliate desert-grass seedling raising (indoor breeding of ciliate desert-grass spores in the new region of Hubei province collected in the field) are as follows:
uniformly scattering the ciliate desert grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering preservative films (the preservative films are covered for guaranteeing sufficient moisture) on the seedling tray, and culturing until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained.
Still further, the ciliate desert-grass spores are collected from the regions of Xincounty, yangxin, hubei province.
Still further, the culture conditions are that the illumination time is respectively: 16 h/day and 8 h/night; the temperatures were 25 ℃/day and 20 ℃/night, respectively; the relative humidity was 70%.
Still further, in the step 2), the concentration of the phytic acid in the water culture solution is 0.1-5 mmol/L;
still further, in the step 2), the concentration of the phytic acid in the hydroponic solution is 0.5mmol/L.
Still further, in the step 2), the culture conditions for the enhancement are:
the illumination time was 14h/10h (day/night), the temperature was 25℃and 20℃and the relative humidity was 70%.
Still further, in the step 3), the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 200mg/kg of soil.
Principles of the invention
1. Ciliate desert-grass is the first As super-accumulation plant discovered by Ma et al (2001), the leaf As content can reach 23g/kg, and the ciliate desert-grass has strong tolerance to Cd, so that the ciliate desert-grass is an ideal material for restoring the composite pollution of soil As and Cd. However, the ciliate desert-grass belongs to perennial pteridophytes, is liked to be in a dark and moist environment, grows slowly and has low biomass, and the occurrence form and the biological effectiveness of As and Cd in soil play an important role in absorbing As and Cd by the ciliate desert-grass. Therefore, how to promote the biomass of the ciliate desert-grass and promote the absorption of the ciliate desert-grass to the soil As and Cd becomes an important research content for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by the ciliate desert-grass at present.
2. Plants often secrete organic acids through their root systems to dissolve insoluble nutrient elements, and phytic acid (Phytatec acid), also known as phytic acid, is widely found in nature and is the main storage form of phosphorus in plant tissues. Meanwhile, liu et al (2017) research discovers that the secretion of phytate can be special for pteridophyte, the abundance of phosphate transport protein (PvPht 1; 3) of the ciliate desert-grass root system under the treatment of phytate is obviously improved, the absorption of the ciliate desert-grass on As is promoted by up-regulating the phosphate transport protein and the activity of plant phosphatase, and an important effect is exerted on the aspect of absorbing the As by the ciliate desert-grass, but the research of simultaneously absorbing the As and Cd by the ciliate desert-grass after the reinforcement of the phytic acid has not been reported yet.
3. For phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, it depends not only on the heavy metal content in the plant, but also on the size of the biomass. In phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, fertilization is an efficient and convenient measure, and particularly, the application of phosphate fertilizer in ciliate desert grass to repair As and Cd contaminated soil can produce remarkable effects. On one hand, the proper phosphate fertilizer can obviously promote the biomass of ciliate desert-grass, so that more As and Cd are accumulated in the super-enriched plants. On the other hand, the competitive adsorption relationship between P and As belonging to the same group of elements, P, as, affects the activation and migration of As in the soil. Phosphate can replace arsenate from the diffusion layer and hydrated oxide surface portion of the double layer, and a part of As adsorption sites are occupied by P, so that the adsorption amount of soil solids relative to As is reduced, and the bioavailability of As is increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the acid phosphatase activity of the ciliate desert-grass seedlings is enhanced through the water planting, the phosphorus and arsenic transfer capacity is enhanced, and the phosphorus fertilizer is matched to improve the arsenic activity of soil and promote the growth of ciliate desert-grass, so that the arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass is improved.
2. The phytic acid and the fertilizer selected by the invention have low cost, simple and convenient operation and no secondary pollution, and provide an effective method for repairing the plant polluted by the polymetallic soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of phytic acid treatment on ciliate desert-grass biomass;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of phytic acid treatment on the phosphorus content of Grateloupia utilis;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of phytic acid treatment on centipede oxalate phosphatase activity;
FIG. 4 is a biomass map of the aerial parts of the plant of Grateloupia utilis;
FIG. 5 is a biomass map of the subsurface portion of planted 90 days of ciliate desert-grass;
FIG. 6 is a biomass map of an entire plant of Grateloupia utilis for 90 days;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the As enrichment of 90 days of planting of Grateloupia filicina;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the Cd enrichment amount of the ciliate desert-grass planted for 90 days.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments for understanding by those skilled in the art.
Example 1
A strengthening method of ciliate desert-grass seedlings comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting ciliate desert-grass spores in the Yangxin county of Hubei province in the wild, and breeding ciliate desert-grass seedlings indoors; uniformly scattering the ciliate desert-grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering a preservative film, adding water required by spore germination into a plastic tray, and keeping the surfaces of the matrixes moist; the greenhouse environment control conditions are as follows: illumination time 16h/8h (day/night); temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (day/night); the relative humidity is 70 percent until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained;
2) Cleaning the roots of the reinforced seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass three times by using tap water and distilled water to ensure the integrity of the roots; and transferring the ciliate desert-grass seedlings into a water culture solution containing phytic acid for enhanced culture for two weeks, and replacing the water culture solution every week to obtain ciliate desert-grass enhanced seedlings, wherein the water culture solution is Hoagland-Aron nutrient solution (HNS) diluted 5 times.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the phytic acid is added along with water, so that the concentration gradient of the phytic acid in the water culture solution is respectively 0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5mmol/L, and each treatment is repeated four times; after phytic acid is added along with water, 30mg/L chloramphenicol is added simultaneously to inhibit the activity of microorganisms, nutrient solution is replaced every week, and the greenhouse environment is controlled in the following way: the illumination time was 14h/10h (day/night), the temperature was 25℃and 20℃and the relative humidity was 70%.
Obtaining ciliate desert-grass reinforced seedling Y0, ciliate desert-grass reinforced seedling Y0.5, ciliate desert-grass reinforced seedling Y1, ciliate desert-grass reinforced seedling Y3 and ciliate desert-grass reinforced seedling Y5 after water planting; and (3) measuring the biological quantity of the ciliate desert-grass, and the activities of the leaf antioxidant enzyme and the acid phosphatase, and selecting the optimal phytic acid concentration for a subsequent potting experiment.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3: when the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L, the biomass of the stem and leaf of the ciliate desert-grass is obviously improved by 24.1-67.5 percent compared with other treatments (figure 1). When the concentration of the phytic acid is too high, the biomass of the overground parts of the ciliate desert-grass is obviously reduced, which indicates that the too high phytic acid plays a role in inhibiting the growth of the ciliate desert-grass. When the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L, the content of P in the ciliate desert-grass root system is obviously higher than other treatments, the content of P in the ciliate desert-grass root system is increased by 16.2% -29.2% (shown in figure 2), and the difference of the content of P in the other treatments is not obvious, so that the transport capacity of the root system P is obviously enhanced when the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L. Meanwhile, the P content in the stem and leaf increases with the increase of the phytic acid concentration. Compared with the concentration of the rest phytic acid, the acid phosphatase activity of the root system is increased by 47.8-71.8 percent (shown in figure 3) when the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L, which shows that the P transport capacity of the ciliate desert-grass root system is obviously enhanced.
In summary, it is shown that: when the concentration of phytic acid is 1-5mmol/L, the dry weight of ciliate desert-grass is reduced, the growth of ciliate desert-grass is inhibited, but the P content in stems and leaves and the activity of acid phosphoric acid plums are increased, and the transport capacity of stems and leaves P is improved.
When the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L, the dry weight of the ciliate desert-grass, the content of plant stem and leaf P and the promoting effect of the root system acid phosphatase activity are optimal, the ciliate desert-grass has the most obvious strengthening effect on the growth of the ciliate desert-grass and the transportation capability of the root system P, as P, as is a same element and has similar chemical properties, in As contaminated soil, the ciliate desert-grass often absorbs As through the root system P transportation channel, and therefore the transportation capability of the ciliate desert-grass root system to As is also enhanced.
Example 2
A method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using a phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil, wherein the heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil is from farmland soil in a mining area of Yangxin county of Huang Danshi of Hubei province; the basic physicochemical properties are pH:8.04, organic matter: 24.14g/kg, total nitrogen: 1.59g/kg, total phosphorus: 0.43g/kg, total potassium: 2.93g/kg, total As:72.7mg/kg, total Cd:3.56mg/kg;
2) Sleeving a black plastic bag at the bottom of a plastic basin, fully mixing N fertilizer and K fertilizer with the polluted soil in a base fertilizer mode, and then applying phosphate fertilizer to obtain the polluted soil to be repaired, wherein the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 100mg/kg of soil; n fertilizer (in N) and K fertilizer (in K) 2 O meter) the application amount is respectively 80mg/kg of soil and 100mg/kg of soil (urea and potassium nitrate), and the tested phosphate fertilizer is monocalcium phosphate; regulating the water content of soil to 70% WHC, and stabilizing at room temperature for 7 days;
3) Transplanting the reinforced ciliate desert-grass seedling Y0.5 obtained in the example 1 into the polluted soil to be repaired obtained in the step 2) to obtain ciliate desert-grass Y0.5+P100.
Example 3
The method for obtaining ciliate desert-grass y0.5+p200 in this example is basically the same as that in example 2, except that:
the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 200mg/kg of soil.
Example 4
The method for obtaining ciliate desert-grass y0.5+p300 in this example is basically the same as that in example 2, except that:
the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 300mg/kg of soil.
Comparative example 1
1) Collecting ciliate desert-grass spores in the Yangxin county of Hubei province in the wild, and breeding ciliate desert-grass seedlings indoors; uniformly scattering the ciliate desert-grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering a preservative film, adding water required by spore germination into a plastic tray, and keeping the surfaces of the matrixes moist; the greenhouse environment control conditions are as follows: illumination time 16h/8h (day/night); temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (day/night); the relative humidity is 70 percent until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained;
2) Collecting heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil, wherein the heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil is from farmland soil in a mining area of Yangxin county of Huang Danshi of Hubei province; the basic physicochemical properties are pH:8.04, organic matter: 24.14g/kg, total nitrogen: 1.59g/kg, total phosphorus: 0.43g/kg, total potassium: 2.93g/kg, total As:72.7mg/kg, total Cd:3.56mg/kg;
3) Sleeving a black plastic bag at the bottom of a plastic basin, fully mixing N fertilizer and K fertilizer with the polluted soil in the form of base fertilizer to obtain the polluted soil to be repaired,
4) Transplanting the ciliate desert-grass seedlings obtained in the step 1) to the contaminated soil to be repaired, and planting to obtain ciliate desert-grass CK.
Comparative example 2
A method for enhancing the enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass arsenic and cadmium by using phytic acid comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting ciliate desert-grass spores in the Yangxin county of Hubei province in the wild, and breeding ciliate desert-grass seedlings indoors; uniformly scattering the ciliate desert-grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering a preservative film, adding water required by spore germination into a plastic tray, and keeping the surfaces of the matrixes moist; the greenhouse environment control conditions are as follows: illumination time 16h/8h (day/night); temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (day/night); the relative humidity is 70 percent until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained;
2) Cleaning the roots of the reinforced seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass three times by using tap water and distilled water to ensure the integrity of the roots; and transferring the ciliate desert-grass seedlings into a water culture solution containing phytic acid for enhanced culture for two weeks, and replacing the water culture solution every week to obtain ciliate desert-grass enhanced seedlings Y0.5, wherein the water culture solution is Hoagland-Aron nutrient solution (HNS) diluted 5 times, and the concentration gradient of the phytic acid in the water culture solution is 0.5 mmol/min respectively.
3) Collecting heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil, wherein the heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil is from farmland soil in a mining area of Yangxin county of Huang Danshi of Hubei province; the basic physicochemical properties are pH:8.04, organic matter: 24.14g/kg, total nitrogen: 1.59g/kg, total phosphorus: 0.43g/kg, total potassium: 2.93g/kg, total As:72.7mg/kg, total Cd:3.56mg/kg;
4) Sleeving a black plastic bag at the bottom of a plastic basin, fully mixing N fertilizer and K fertilizer with the polluted soil in the form of base fertilizer,
5) Transplanting the reinforced ciliate desert-grass seedling Y0.5 obtained in the step 2) into the polluted soil to be repaired for planting to obtain ciliate desert-grass Y0.5-P0.
Comparative example 3
A method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using phosphate fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting ciliate desert-grass spores in the Yangxin county of Hubei province in the wild, and breeding ciliate desert-grass seedlings indoors; uniformly scattering the ciliate desert-grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering a preservative film, adding water required by spore germination into a plastic tray, and keeping the surfaces of the matrixes moist; the greenhouse environment control conditions are as follows: illumination time 16h/8h (day/night); temperature 25 ℃/20 ℃ (day/night); the relative humidity is 70 percent until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained;
2) Collecting heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil, wherein the heavy metal As and Cd polluted soil is from farmland soil in a mining area of Yangxin county of Huang Danshi of Hubei province; the basic physicochemical properties are pH:8.04, organic matter: 24.14g/kg, total nitrogen: 1.59g/kg, total phosphorus: 0.43g/kg, total potassium: 2.93g/kg, total As:72.7mg/kg, total Cd:3.56mg/kg;
3) Sleeving a black plastic bag on the bottom of a plastic basin, fully mixing N fertilizer and K fertilizer with the polluted soil in the form of base fertilizer, and then applyingPhosphate fertilizer is used for obtaining the polluted soil to be repaired, wherein the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 100mg/kg of soil; n fertilizer (in N) and K fertilizer (in K) 2 O meter) the application amount is respectively 80mg/kg of soil and 100mg/kg of soil (urea and potassium nitrate), and the tested phosphate fertilizer is monocalcium phosphate; regulating the water content of soil to 70% WHC, and stabilizing at room temperature for 7 days;
4) Transplanting the seedlings obtained in the step 1) to the polluted soil to be repaired obtained in the step 3) to be planted, and obtaining the ciliate desert-grass P100.
Comparative example 4
The method for obtaining ciliate desert-grass P200 in this comparative example is basically the same as that in comparative example 3, except that:
the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 200mg/kg of soil.
Comparative example 5
The method for obtaining ciliate desert-grass P300 in this comparative example is basically the same as that in comparative example 3, except that:
the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 300mg/kg of soil.
Detecting the biological quantity and the enrichment quantity of the ciliate desert-grass:
sample collection: for examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5, samples of the aerial and subsurface parts of ciliate desert grass and rhizosphere soil were taken for 90 days of planting, 3 samples were collected for each treatment, and immediately after sampling, the samples were brought back to the laboratory to clean the plants. Simultaneously taking fresh ciliate desert-grass samples, preserving the fresh ciliate desert-grass samples by liquid nitrogen, and carrying the fresh ciliate desert-grass samples back to a laboratory for storage at-80 ℃; then detecting the overground part and the underground part of the ciliate desert-grass, the biomass of the whole plant and the enrichment quantity of ciliate desert-grass As and Cd;
as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6: at 90 days of planting, 200mg/kg P is added after 0.5mmol/L phytic acid is strengthened 2 O 5 When the ciliate desert-grass biomass reaches 12.31g, which is higher than the other treatments (figure 6); at the same time, 0.5mmol/L phytic acid is added with 200mg/kg P after strengthening 2 O 5 When the dry weight of the underground part of the ciliate desert-grass is 6.63g (figure 5). It can be seen that the application of the phosphate fertilizer can obviously improve the biological quantity of the ciliate desert-grass and promote the growth of the ciliate desert-grass.
As shown in fig. 7 to 8: 200mg/kg P was added after 0.5mmol/L phytic acid fortification 2 O 5 When the enrichment amount of ciliate desert grass As reaches the highest 615.36 ug/plant, and then the treatment of phytic acid is strongAfter conversion, 300mg/kg of P was added 2 O 5 The As enrichment was 563.48 ug/strain (FIG. 7). In addition, 200mg/kg P was added after 0.5mmol/L phytic acid strengthening 2 O 5 When the Cd enrichment amount of the ciliate desert-grass reaches 5.11 ug/plant (figure 8). The phosphate fertilizer promotes the growth of the ciliate desert-grass, thereby increasing the Cd enrichment amount in the ciliate desert-grass. The enrichment amount of the ciliate desert-grass As added after the phytic acid is strengthened is generally higher than that of ciliate desert-grass As under single application of the phosphate fertilizer, which shows that the effect of the phosphate fertilizer applied to the ciliate desert-grass after the phytic acid is strengthened is better.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using a phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Raising seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass to obtain ciliate desert-grass seedlings;
2) Cleaning the root parts of the reinforced seedlings of the ciliate desert-grass; transferring the ciliate desert-grass seedlings into a water culture solution containing phytic acid for enhanced culture, and periodically replacing the water culture solution to obtain ciliate desert-grass enhanced seedlings, wherein the water culture solution is Hoagland-Aron nutrient solution diluted 5 times; in the water culture solution, the concentration of the phytic acid is 0.5mmol/L;
3) Applying phosphate fertilizer to the to-be-repaired As and Cd polluted soil; meanwhile, applying a nitrogenous fertilizer and a potash fertilizer as base fertilizers, wherein the fertilizing amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 200mg/kg of soil; the fertilizing amount of the N fertilizer is 80mg/kg of soil, and the fertilizing amount of the K fertilizer is 100mg/kg of soil;
4) Transplanting the reinforced ciliate desert-grass seedlings obtained in the step 2) to the contaminated soil to be repaired for planting;
5) The aerial parts and the underground parts of the ciliate desert-grass are harvested regularly.
2. The method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using the phytic acid enhanced combined phosphate fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the specific steps of the ciliate desert-grass seedling cultivation are as follows:
uniformly scattering the ciliate desert grass spores in seedling tray holes filled with matrixes, covering preservative films on the seedling tray, and culturing until seedlings with the plant height of 8-12 cm are obtained.
3. The method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using the phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the ciliate desert-grass spores are collected in the Yangxin county of Hubei province.
4. The method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using the phytic acid reinforced combined phosphate fertilizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the culture conditions are that the illumination time is respectively as follows: 16 h/day and 8 h/night; the temperatures were 25 ℃/day and 20 ℃/night, respectively; the relative humidity was 70%.
5. The method for improving arsenic and cadmium enrichment capacity of ciliate desert-grass by using the phytic acid enhanced combined phosphate fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the intensified culture conditions are as follows:
illumination time: 14 h/day, 10 h/night; the temperature is 25 ℃/day, 20 ℃/night; the relative humidity was 70%.
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