CN102503711A - Slow release fertilizer with selenium and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Slow release fertilizer with selenium and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102503711A CN102503711A CN2011104021963A CN201110402196A CN102503711A CN 102503711 A CN102503711 A CN 102503711A CN 2011104021963 A CN2011104021963 A CN 2011104021963A CN 201110402196 A CN201110402196 A CN 201110402196A CN 102503711 A CN102503711 A CN 102503711A
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Abstract
The invention discloses slow release fertilizer with selenium, and is characterized in that the slow release fertilizer with selenium comprises a selenium source, a slow release material and an adhesive; the selenium content ratio of the slow release fertilizer with selenium is 0.05%-5% (on a weight basis); the slow release material is selected from a natural mineral material of attapulgite, and the adhesive is selected from an organic flocculating agent of polyacrylamide. The slow release fertilizer with selenium can effectively prolong the fertilizer effect release period of selenium to 90-120 days, avoid top dressing, is stable in release, and allows the selenium content of crops to remain stable; the utilization efficiency of the selenium source is also improved, and the discharge of exogenous selenium to environment is prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of slow release fertilizer, specifically be meant a kind of selenium slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof that contains, belong to fertilizer and fertilizer manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Selenium is trace element essential in the humans and animals body; Be to constitute the nearly active site of 23 kinds of functional proteins such as Selenoperoxidase (GSH-Px), seleno-protein P; Have following effect: body endoperoxide, radical are removed in (1); Interference-free and the infringement of protection cellularstructure and function delays senility; (2) metabolism of acceleration carcinogenic substance promotes the dna damage reparation, reduces cancer morbidity; (3) toxic substance in the antagonist reduces its toxicity, effectively protects liver; (4) enhancing body cellular immune function, enhance immunity power.And the famine of selenium can directly cause Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease; Wherein Keshan disease is found the Keshan County, Heilungkiang with the seventies the earliest; Be to be expansion in various degree with heart, spherical in shape when serious, cardiac muscle has and is dispersed in necrosis in different degree kitchen range and the spot district myocardosis for main performance; Kaschin-Beck disease be with osteoarthrosis increase slightly, deformity is a kind of endemy of main performance.
It is the problem that the whole world extensively exists that soil lacks selenium, and there is a low selenium band that always extends to southwestern Yunnan Province from the Heilongjiang Province, northeast in China, occupies 72% of China's area.In these low selenium districts; Can't from soil, obtain competent selenium in the process of growth of foods such as farm crop; Thereby form the generally scarce selenium state of food chain; Therefore also be in the state of scarce selenium in these regional human bodies, research shows that the Chinese total amount of day absorption selenium per capita is about 35 μ g, significantly is lower than the selenium daily intaking amount 50-200 μ g that The World Health Organization (WHO) is recommended.Therefore, need come the absorption of supplement selenium through the agricultural byproducts of biological nutrition intensifying technology production the people of these low selenium zone lives.
Improving the soil or adopting the selenium additive is to carry out the important technical that the selenium biological nutrition is strengthened.Current way is to adopt root to execute technology, as: patent CN101265134B (working method of selenium-enriched biological organic composite mixing fertilizer, composite fertilizer), but need topdress the higher and difficult extensive popularization of human cost; Simultaneously,, no longer can be absorbed, so this kind reinforcement means bioavailable efficiency is lower by plant because As time goes on the selenium of biological attitude capable of using can lose biological effectiveness gradually in soil.
Along with modern agricultural development; The fertilizer slow release The Application of Technology is popularized gradually; A kind of natural minerals that utilizes is disclosed like Chinese invention patent " low cost environment-friendly type nitrogenous fertilizer control mistake method and sustained-release fertilizer " (patent No. ZL 200710020264.3)---attapulgite carries out 1-dimention nano processing composite organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 and inorganic flocculating agent aluminium iron polychloride later on; Reach nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, urea etc.) is fixed on the technology in the soil; Its principle is to utilize nano pore structure, high specific area and the high ion exchange volume of attapulgite behind the nanometer; Ammonia nitrogen or urea molecule mainly are fixed on nano pore inside and the outside surface through the mode of physical adsorption, utilize the strong flocculation characteristics of SEPIGEL 305 and aluminium iron polychloride then, make the flocculation of attapulgite and soil on every side thereof; Form bigger attapulgite molecular network, nitrogen is fixed in the molecular network.But should technology not be applied to as yet in the biological nutrition intensifying technology of selenium, whether attapulgite has identical physical adsorption and fixed effect on the knees of the gods to selenium salt or selenite molecule.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of solid-grain selesium fertilizer and method of manufacture thereof " (application number 200710084619.5) discloses a kind of solid-grain selesium fertilizer and method of manufacture thereof; This solid-grain selesium fertilizer is a raw material for 0.5～2 part with 19～33 parts of float stones, 65～80 parts of wilkinites, selenate or selenite; Float stone, wilkinite are pulverized the back of sieving to be mixed; Then selenite or selenate are dissolved in 20～30 parts of water; Be mixed with solution and spray, the particulate state selenium of behind oven dry, cooling, sub-sieve, choosing 2mm～4mm again is fertile.This method is to utilize pumiceous surface void characteristic that selenite or selenate are carried out physical adsorption, still causes the loss of selenium can not effectively prevent passivation and the form of biological effectiveness selenium under field condition to shift easily.
Have some at present and carry the selenium fertilizer or the selenium additive of sustained release performance; The natural weathering in soil of the active selenium of lifeless matter realizes in the raw material but its slow release effect mainly relies on; Slow release effect is slow and limited, contains selenium fertilizer and extremely is necessary so develop a kind of slowly-releasing that suits plant and other plant growth cycles and absorption characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of slowly-releasing and contain selenium fertilizer, for solve that cost is higher in the fertile production technology of existing selenium, slow releasing function is not obvious and existing contain in the use of selenium fertilizer product need repeatedly topdress, low or the like the defective of selenium utilising efficiency.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of selenium slow release fertilizer that contains is characterized in that the said selenium slow release fertilizer that contains comprises selenium source, slow-release material and tackiness agent, saidly contains that the selenium content ratio is 0.05%-5% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer; Said slow-release material is selected the natural minerals attapulgite for use, and said tackiness agent is selected the organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 for use.
Preferably, said selenium source is selected from selenite or selenate.
Preferably, saidly contain that the selenium content ratio is 0.1%-0.5% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer.
Preferably, saidly contain that the selenium content ratio is 0.3% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer.
Preferably, the amount of said organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 is 0.5～3: 1000 with the weight ratio that contains selenium slow release fertilizer total amount.
Preferably, the amount of said organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 is 1: 1000 with the weight ratio that contains selenium slow release fertilizer total amount.
Preferably, the said pH value that contains the selenium slow release fertilizer is 7.5-9.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of described preparation method who contains the selenium slow release fertilizer; It is characterized in that said method comprises pulverizes attapulgite; After the adding suitable quantity of water is dissolved altogether in selenium source material and the SEPIGEL 305; With the abundant mixing of attapulgite and add an amount of alkaline matter and regulate raw material pH value, carry out granulation after leaving standstill and promptly get the step that contains the selenium slow release fertilizer to 7.5-9.
Preferably, the particle diameter of control attapulgite was at the 60-200 order after said attapulgite was pulverized.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of described application of selenium slow release fertilizer aspect plant cultivation that contain.
The present invention provides a kind of slowly-releasing to contain selenium fertilizer, by selenium source and slow-release material and process.The selenium source that described slowly-releasing contains in the selenium fertilizer is meant selenite or selenate, and slow-release material is meant natural minerals---carry out composite according to a certain percentage with the organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 after attapulgite (claiming polygorskite again) is pulverized.
The present invention also provides this kind slowly-releasing to contain the preparation method of selenium fertilizer: attapulgite is pulverized, and granularity is controlled at the 60-200 order; Selenium source material and SEPIGEL 305 added left standstill 5-10 minute after suitable quantity of water is dissolved back and attapulgite and the abundant mixing of other auxiliary materials altogether, then granulation is carried out in mixing and promptly formed this slowly-releasing and contain selenium fertilizer.Other auxiliary materials are meant the acid and alkali substance or the conventional fertilizer component of regulating the fertilizer acid-basicity.
As optimization, the grinding particle size that above-mentioned slowly-releasing contains attapulgite in the selenium fertilizer is the 80-120 order, and the selenium content of fertilizer is 0.05%-5%.As optimization, the grinding particle size that above-mentioned slowly-releasing contains attapulgite in the selenium fertilizer is 100 orders, and the selenium content of fertilizer is 0.1%-0.5%.As optimization, the grinding particle size that above-mentioned slowly-releasing contains attapulgite in the selenium fertilizer is 100 orders, and the selenium content of fertilizer is 0.3%.As optimization, the acid and alkali substance that above-mentioned slowly-releasing contains selenium fertilizer adding before raw material stirring is a white lime, and makes fertilizer pH remain on 7.5-9.In granulation process, the ratio that the amount of the organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 that is added accounts for the material total amount is 0.5～3: 1000.
The principle of work that this slowly-releasing contains selenium fertilizer is:
Provide in the selenite or selenate molecular structure of selenium source, central atom selenium is the hydridization form of SP3, and after selenium atom possesses d layer unoccupied orbital joint; And contain the oxy radical of a large amount of exposures in the attapulgite, and there is unnecessary electric charge, both can interact with the mode of orbital hybridization, and form metastable combination.SEPIGEL 305 can carry out certain encapsulation with this integrated structure in whipping process; Selenium is fixed in the space lattice of attapulgite mineral molecule; Can guarantee the lasting effect of effective selenium in edatope and regulate to slight alkalinity, be unlikely to be reduced into very soon the elemental selenium that does not have biological utilisation property through regulating pH.
This slowly-releasing contains selenium fertilizer and has good releasing effect, in leaching test, the selenium of filtering first be in the additive original selenium concentration in 20-30%, and Sustainable Stability release conditions 90-120 days.
The beneficial effect that the present invention realized is following:
1, selenium slow releasing function: slowly-releasing provided by the invention contained fertilizer efficiency release period that the slow-release function of selenium fertilizer can effectively prolong selenium to 90-120 days, and release is topdressed, and discharged stablely, made the selenium content of farm crop keep stable;
2, improve the utilising efficiency of selenium source: long-acting, the stable sustained-release effect of selenium protected the biological effectiveness of selenium; Root is executed the fertile absorption rate of selenium to be brought up to more than 30% from less than 20%;, realized the utilization better of selenium source, avoided of the discharging of external source selenium to environment.
Embodiment:
Following examples are used to explain the present invention, but can not be used for limiting scope of the present invention.The implementation condition that adopts among the embodiment can be done further adjustment according to the condition of concrete producer, and unaccounted implementation condition is generally the condition in the normal experiment.
Embodiment 1:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 60 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 1: 0.5: 998.5 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture is carried out the slowly-releasing that granulation promptly forms selenium content about 0.05% and contain selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 5 kilograms every mu when the rice transplanting spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil of rice seedling bed, statistics rice biological amount and test selenium content after the rice harves, the bioavailability of selenium is 32%, is higher than general selenium fertilizer less than 20% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 2:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 80 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 2: 1: 997 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 0.1%, and the pH value is about 7.5 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 5 kilograms every mu when the rice tillering spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil of rice seedling bed, statistics rice biological amount and test selenium content after the rice harves, the bioavailability of selenium is 28%, is higher than general selenium fertilizer less than 20% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 3:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 80 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 5: 2: 993 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 0.25%, and the pH value is about 7.5 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 5 kilograms every mu when the corn seeding be administered in the soil with base manure, statistics corn living weight and test selenium content behind the harvest corn, the bioavailability of selenium is 34%, is higher than general selenium fertilizer less than 20% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 4:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 100 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 6: 1: 993 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 0.3%, and the pH value is about 8 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields with 5 kilograms every mu consumption when the corn jointing and use in the soil, statistics corn living weight and test selenium content behind the harvest corn, the bioavailability of selenium is 38%, is higher than general selenium fertilizer less than 20% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 5:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 100 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 10: 3: 987 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 0.5%, and the pH value is about 8 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields with base manure with 5 kilograms every mu consumption when the wheat cultivation and use in the soil, statistics wheat living weight and test selenium content behind the harvesting wheat, the bioavailability of selenium is 35%, is higher than general selenium fertilizer less than 20% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 6:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 120 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 20: 3: 977 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 1%, and the pH value is about 8.5 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 2 kilograms every mu when grape is bloomed is manured into soil, statistics living weight and test selenium content after the vintage, the bioavailability of selenium is 25%, be higher than general selenium fertilizer on fruit tree less than 10% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 7:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 120 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 40: 1: 959 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 2%, and the pH value is about 8.5 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 2 kilograms every mu when pear tree blooms is manured into soil, results backs statistics living weight and test selenium content, the bioavailability of selenium is 25%, be higher than general selenium fertilizer on fruit tree less than 10% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 8:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 120 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 80: 1: 919 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 4%, and the pH value is about 9 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 2 kilograms every mu when apple tree blooms is manured into soil, results backs statistics living weight and test selenium content, the bioavailability of selenium is 25%, be higher than general selenium fertilizer on fruit tree less than 10% utilization ratio.
Embodiment 9:
Attapulgite is pulverized and granularity is controlled at 120 orders; Take by weighing weight ratio and be 100: 1: 899 Sodium Selenite, SEPIGEL 305 and attapulgite; Sodium Selenite and SEPIGEL 305 are added suitable quantity of water dissolve back and attapulgite and an amount of white lime altogether and fully mix and left standstill 5-10 minute after fair, then mixture being carried out granulation, to obtain selenium content about 5%, and the pH value is about 9 slowly-releasing and contains selenium fertilizer.
This is contained selenium fertilizer consumption with 2 kilograms every mu when jujube tree blooms is manured into soil, results backs statistics living weight and test selenium content, the bioavailability of selenium is 25%, be higher than general selenium fertilizer on fruit tree less than 10% utilization ratio.
Above-mentioned instance only is explanation technical conceive of the present invention and characteristics, and its purpose is to let the people who is familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and enforcement according to this, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.All equivalent transformations that spirit is done according to the present invention or modification all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind contains the selenium slow release fertilizer, it is characterized in that the said selenium slow release fertilizer that contains comprises selenium source, slow-release material and tackiness agent, saidly contains that the selenium content ratio is 0.05%-5% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer; Said slow-release material is selected the natural minerals attapulgite for use, and said tackiness agent is selected the organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 for use.
2. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that said selenium source is selected from selenite or selenate.
3. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that saidly containing that the selenium content ratio is 0.1%-0.5% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer.
4. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that saidly containing that the selenium content ratio is 0.3% (weight ratio) in the selenium slow release fertilizer.
5. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that the amount of said organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 and the weight ratio that contains selenium slow release fertilizer total amount are 0.5 ~ 3:1000.
6. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that the amount of said organic floculant SEPIGEL 305 and the weight ratio that contains selenium slow release fertilizer total amount are 1:1000.
7. the selenium slow release fertilizer that contains according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said pH value that contains the selenium slow release fertilizer is 7.5-9.
8. any described preparation method who contains the selenium slow release fertilizer of claim 1～7; It is characterized in that said method comprises pulverizes attapulgite; After the adding suitable quantity of water is dissolved altogether in selenium source material and the SEPIGEL 305; With the abundant mixing of attapulgite and add an amount of alkaline matter and regulate raw material pH value, carry out granulation after leaving standstill and promptly get the step that contains the selenium slow release fertilizer to 7.5-9.
9. method according to claim 8, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that controlling attapulgite after said attapulgite is pulverized is at the 60-200 order.
10. any one an of claim 1～7 describedly contains the application of selenium slow release fertilizer aspect plant cultivation.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103724110A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release ammonium carbonate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104045418A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-17 | 湖南省天金科技有限公司 | Nanometer vanadium-selenium sustained and controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106966810A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of anion response type controlled release selenium fertilizer, preparation method and application |
| CN112573957A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 深圳市至高装备技术研究院 | Boron-selenium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105801228A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2016-07-27 | 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 | Controlled release medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106966810A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of anion response type controlled release selenium fertilizer, preparation method and application |
| CN112573957A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-30 | 深圳市至高装备技术研究院 | Boron-selenium compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102503711B (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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