CN103026957A - Tomato plug seedling matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato plug seedling matrix and a preparation method thereof. Local peat is used as the material; poultry excrement is used as the earthworm feed; an environment suitable for the growth of earthworms is provided; the wormcast generated by processing the earthworm is sieved into wormcast compost of which the particle size is 1-4mm; the peat and the wormcast compost are uniformly mixed and mineral materials such as expansible vermiculite of certain fineness are added so as to improve the physical property and the buffer performance of the matrix and form the novel tomato plug seedling matrix. The volume percents of the components are that the peat is 5-15%, the wormcast compost is 55-65%, and the wormcast gardening compost is 25-35%. The tomato plug seedling matrix is simple in preparation method, rich in resource, cheap in material, less in environment pollution, abundant in nutrition and stable in property, and when the tomato plug seedling matrix is used for tomato plug seedling, the additional fertilization during the seedling period can be completely or partially avoided, the tomato seedling quality is improved, the pesticide application is reduced, labor and cost are saved while the seedling quality is ensured, and reliable guarantee is provided for the survival, the high-quality and high-efficient growth and the establishment of output and quality of transplanted tomato seedlings.

Description

A kind of medium for tomato plug seedlings and compound method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the seedling medium technical field, relate in particular to a kind of medium for tomato plug seedlings and compound method thereof.

Background technology

Substrate seedling refers in certain place or container to sprout for crop seed and growth of seedling provides the place by matrix, fixedly crop root and make it the crop seedling method of Absorption of nourishment material and oxygen.According to the development trend of seedling raising manners, substrate seedling will become the main flow seedling raising manners.Seedling medium refers to and can sprout and the stable somatomedin of coordinating to provide the Lifestyle factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat of growth of seedling for crop seed, it except support, fixedly seed and the seedling, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make from the nutrition of himself with from the nutrient in the environment and moisture and be able to effective supply and buffering, seed can be sprouted smoothly, and seedlings root can absorb in required ratio selectivity.

Aspect the matrix production application, China has part manufacturer production organic substrate, but quality is stable not, safety is not high.For the growing seedlings of name, spy, excellent crop varieties, still quite vast scale uses the import seedling medium in the production, and cost is higher.In recent years, research is found part introducing product and technology, technique and is produced actual not in full conformity with China, some can cause soil compaction, penetrating bad, the environmental problem such as nutrient loss is serious, and in the seedling raising process, crop is to the generation of the phenomenons such as the absorption of various essential nutrient elements is uneven, the seedling growing way is weak, Quality Down, diversity of soil microorganism reduce, self-regulating function weakens.

The tomato in China plantation is very extensive, has become one of local main economic crops at Xiuqian City, Jiangsu tomato planting, and forms the scale industry that has much local characteristic.But the Soil-sickness Problem of greenhouse tomato has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of local tomato planting industry, improves the tomato seedling quality and becomes a key factor improving tomato growth and improve tomato yield, quality.Seek the seedling medium quality raw materials, breeding test matrix production technology for market provides safe and reliable seedling medium, is the basic need that guarantees the sustainable development of tomato industry.

The problems such as the continuous increase of the organic solid rubbish that the residue problem of China's large-scale cultivation field feces of livestock and poultry and farm and sideline product processing industry produce are increasingly outstanding.Therefore research and development not only had been fit to tomato in China production reality but also good seedling medium that can the harmless treatment organic solid castoff has realistic meaning.

Summary of the invention

Target of the present invention just is rationally to utilize a large amount of organic solid castoff resources in conjunction with endemic species, aquaculture structure, and the efficient cheap Tomato dedicated substrate of exploitation safe and high quality is in the hope of helping to solve the Soil-sickness Problem of tomato.

The present invention is achieved in that and adopts silkworm excrement that local sericulture produces and enterprise to extract that last stevia stalk residue is major ingredient behind the steviol glycoside, carrying out appropriateness becomes thoroughly decomposed to clear up with earthworm and transforms the high-quality wormcast granule that just obtains behind the manure of livestock and poultry and carry out composite, add a certain proportion of mineral auxiliary material, be mixed with a kind of safe, economical, efficient, can coordinate to supply Tomato Seeds Germination and the growth of seedling needs to water, fertilizer, gas, heat, comprehensively improve melon seedling quality, strengthen the functional seedling medium of melon seedling resistance.

The compound method of medium for tomato plug seedlings involved in the present invention comprises the steps:

The local peat that 1) will obtain carries out fragmentation, screening, obtains physical property and the good peat material of chemical property.

2) with feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, will be screened into through the wormcast of dealing with earthworm generation the wormcast granule of 1-4mm particle diameter;

3) with percent by volume be: peat 5 ~ 15%, wormcast compost 55 ~ 65% as basic material, the mineral materials such as expansibility vermiculite that add 25 ~ 35% particle diameters and be 1 ~ 3mm improve physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix.

4) in every side's matrix, allocate respectively on demand 0 ~ 1 kilogram urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into, the later stage is taken off power to prevent from growing seedlings.

Advantage of the present invention:

1. strengthen the recycling of organic solid castoff.Local flourishing aquaculture produces a large amount of fowl and animal excrements, utilize earthworm directly plant's biomass castoff to be cleared up, transformed, can obtain the very good wormcast compost of physicochemical character, wherein abundant microbial diversity can suppress the generation of the soil-borne disease of various crop.The wormcast compost is allocated matrix into, can make the physical behavior of matrix and biological character be improved significantly, make simultaneously the reluctant ight soil of some scale fowl and livestock farms that the place to go of a safety is arranged.

2. nutrient is comprehensive, proportional balancing method.The rational formula of medium for tomato plug seedlings has solved common seedling medium water, fertilizer, gas, heat effectively can not satisfy fully well that tomato germinates, the problem of emergence and growth demand.The compound seedling medium of this novel organic-inorganic not only content of organic matter is high, and nutrient component is comprehensive, proportional balancing method is coordinated, the whole nursery stage growth of tomato can both be obtained fully and the nutrition supply of coordinating, effectively promote Growth of Tomato Seedling, guarantee the tomato seedling better quality, improve tomato and transplant quality, tomato is highly efficient and productive to lay the foundation in order finally to obtain.The tomato seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out, well developed root system, the seedling stem is sturdy, and survival rate is high after transplanting, strong adaptability; The tomato seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out is cultivated the generation that can prevent to a certain extent continuous cropping obstacle of tomato.

3. simplify the process of matrix composition, improved the quality of tomato seedling, reduced fertilising and wait the step of growing seedlings, reduced cost.

4. promote the sustainable development that high-efficiency agriculture is produced.The tomato seedling substrate technology is carried out integrated innovation, and the professional etiquette of going forward side by side modelling is produced, and at the garden large-scale demonstration, promotes the application in a wider context of this achievement.Can realize organic solid castoff harmless treatment and recycling on the one hand, the protection Ecological Environment; Effectively solve on the other hand Tomato and lack the cheap seedling medium problem of safety, improve facility utilization rate, promote better the sound development of greenhouse tomato plant husbandry.The research of tomato seedling substrate, develop and promote the use of, be conducive to the sustainable development that promotes that the local characteristic high-efficiency agriculture is produced, promote the local economy progress, increase farmers' income.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of tomato seedling substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment

In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.

Embodiment 1

With each component by volume percentage be: peat 5-15%, earthworm excrement 55-65%, vermiculite 25-35% fully mixes and makes novel tomato seedling substrate.In every side's matrix, allocate respectively on demand 0 ~ 1 kilogram urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into, fully mixing.The particle diameter of vermiculite is 1-3 ㎜, and the particle diameter of wormcast is 1-4mm.

Test:

1 materials and methods

1.1 precious large 906 tomatoes of test kind and host material.Host material comprises: vermiculite, earthworm dunghill fertilizer.Earthworm dunghill fertilizer is that the wormcast compost after earthworm is cleared up is taken back the laboratory and dried, broken after as test material.The analytical method with reference to soil and plant sample is measured in the analysis of test material.The main physical and chemical that records sees Table 1.

The main physical and chemical of table 1 test material

1.2 test method

Tested on January 25,15 days to 2012 December in 2011 and in key lab of the Ministry of Agriculture of Yangzhou University plastic tunnel, carry out.If fertile 8 usage ratio of earthworm dunghill substitute the peat in the nutrient matrix.Each processes peat in the matrix: the earthworm dunghill is fertile: the ratio of vermiculite is respectively: 7: 0: 3(processes 0, contrast), 6: 1: 3(processed 1), 5: 2: 3(processes 2), 4: 3: 3(processes 3), 3: 4: 3(processes 4), 2: 5: 3(processes 5), 1: 6: 3(processes 6) and 0: 7: 3(processing 7), add urea 1kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg in every side's nutrient matrix, each component of fertilizer and nutrient matrix is used after puddling evenly.Container for plant growth adopts 72 holes dish, and each is processed 3 times and repeats, and completely random is arranged.Add up germination rate behind the Qi Miao, before the off-test, each processes random sampling 12 strains, measures respectively the growth indexes such as its plant height, basic stem are thick, degree of development, root length, overground part quality, underground part quality.

1.3 data acquisition and processing

Plant height, root length are directly measured with ruler, and starting point is the stem bottom, and terminal point is growing point; Root length is long for maximum root; Stem slightly adopts vernier caliper measurement, measures the cotyledon lower end position; The bright quality of overground part, the bright quality accuracy of underground part are 0. 001 electronic balance weighing; After seedling root nutrition matrix cleaned overground part and the underground part of seedling are put into respectively baking oven, 105 ℃ completed 15 minutes, then dried to constant weight under 80 ℃, used the one thousandth scales/electronic balance weighing.The data obtained adopts Excel 2007 softwares to carry out statistical analysis.

2 results and analysis

2. 1 earthworm dunghill fertilizer is on the impact of tomato germination rate

After planting the 7th day statistics seed germination situation (table 2).As can be seen from the table, the different amounts proportioning of earthworm dunghill fertilizer all has appreciable impact to the germination rate of tomato seeds, the gesture of sprouting.The processing 6 of allocating 60% earthworm dunghill fertilizer into is conducive to tomato seeds most germinates, and germination rate reaches 95.5 %, and contrast is high by 2.3%.Along with the raising of the fertile allocation ratio of earthworm dunghill, percentage of seedgermination descends, and during earthworm dunghill fertile 70%, the tomato seeds germination rate begins to drop to 94.7%, too much allocates the sprouting that earthworm dunghill fertilizer is unfavorable for tomato seeds in the nutrient matrix into.The fertile allocation ratio of earthworm dunghill shows identical trend to the impact of tomato seeds germination vigor.

The fertile different proportionings of table 2 earthworm dunghill are on the nutrient matrix impact that tomato seeds germinates of growing seedlings

Process	Tomato seeds germination rate (%)	The gesture of sprouting
			0	93.2a	++
1	93.5ab	++
			2	93.9ab	+++
3	94.3bc	+++
			4	94.6cd	+++
5	95.1cd	++++
			6	95.5d	++++
7	94.7cd	+++

2. 2 earthworm dunghill fertilizer, degree of carrying out thick on tomato seedling plant height, stem and the long impact of maximum root

Earthworm dunghill fertilizer sees Table 3 to tomato seedling plant height and the thick impact of stem.As can be seen from Table 3, along with the increase of the alternative peat ratio of wormcast in the matrix, the plant height of tomato seedling, stem are slightly basically in rising trend, process 7 and slightly descend.The degree of development of tomato seedling is subjected to the impact of wormcast ratio in the matrix also very similar.The maximum root personal attendant of tomato the increase of the alternative peat ratio of wormcast in the matrix and falls after rising, to process 4 maximums.And process 7 tomato seedling maximum root aobvious reducing kept burning day and night, hardly long lateral root, and root system color is dark-grey yellow.Too much nutrient or salinity in the wormcast weakened the facilitation of wormcast to seedlings root.

Table 3 earthworm dunghill fertilizer is thick on tomato seedling plant height, stem, degree of development and the long impact of maximum root

Process	Plant height (cm)	Stem thick (mm)	Degree of development (cm)	Maximum root long (cm)
					0	12.95a	0.25a	12.88a	12.59a
1	13.03a	0.25a	12.85a	12.91ab
					2	13.05a	0.26ab	13.01a	13.15ab
3	13.06a	0.27abc	13.03ab	14.29bc
					4	14.05bc	0.31bcd	13.54abc	15.35c
5	14.56cd	0.33d	13.97c	15.30c
					6	14.99d	0.34d	13.95c	15.25c
7	13.24ab	0.32cd	13.92bc	15.18c

2. 3 earthworm dunghill fertilizer are on the impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling

Can be found out that by data in the table 4 along with the increase of the alternative peat ratio of wormcast in the matrix, the ground of tomato seedling is bright, dry mass all is the variation tendency of falling after rising.From root cap recently, no matter be that the result that bright quality or dry mass calculate all is the variation tendency of falling after rising, the highest to process 4, along with the raising of the fertile allocation ratio of earthworm dunghill, the root/shoot ratio of tomato seedling descends to some extent.In other words, the earthworm dunghill fertilizer that in nutrient matrix, had a vast scale to the inhibitory action of tomato seedling root growth greater than the inhibitory action to the growth of tomato seedling overground part.

Table 4 earthworm dunghill fertilizer is on the impact of Growth of Tomato Seedling amount

3 brief summaries

(1) what of the fertile content of earthworm dunghill germinate on Tomato and with growth certain impact are arranged in the nutrient matrix.In the nutrient matrix during the fertile too high levels of earthworm dunghill, the tomato seeds germination rate decreases, and in the whole process of growth of seedling, show and promote first the trend that suppresses afterwards, it mainly is higher because of nutrient in the earthworm dunghill fertilizer or salt content analyzing reason, cross vast scale and allocate into and may produce the harm of fertilizer damage or salt marsh in the grow seedling nutritional matrix, be unfavorable for bringing into play wormcast to the facilitation of growth of seedling.

(2) processing of the fertile adding proportion of earthworm dunghill about 60%, tomato seeds germination rate and germination vigor are all higher, the growth indexes such as long, the fresh and dried quality of overground part of thick, the degree of development of the plant height of seedling, stem, maximum root, the fresh and dried quality of underground part all are better than contrast and other processing to a certain extent in whole process of growth, duration of test is not found seedling fertilizer deficiency symptom, and obvious fertilizer deficiency symptom occurs to impinging upon later stage.

The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a medium for tomato plug seedlings is characterized in that, each component of this medium for tomato plug seedlings by volume percentage is: peat 5-15%, and earthworm excrement 55-65%, vermiculite 25-35% fully mixes and makes novel tomato seedling substrate; In every side's matrix, allocate respectively on demand 0 ~ 1 kilogram urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into, fully mixing; The particle diameter of vermiculite is 1-3 ㎜, and the particle diameter of wormcast is 1-4mm.

2. the compound method of a medium for tomato plug seedlings is characterized in that, the compound method of this medium for tomato plug seedlings comprises the steps:

1) peat that obtains is carried out fragmentation, screening, obtain the peat material;

2) with feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, will be screened into through the wormcast of dealing with earthworm generation the wormcast granule of 1-4mm particle diameter;

3) with percent by volume be: peat 5 ~ 15%, wormcast compost 55 ~ 65% as basic material, the expansibility vermiculite mineral material that adds 25 ~ 35% particle diameters and be 1 ~ 3mm improves physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix;

4) in every side's matrix, allocate respectively on demand 0 ~ 1 kilogram urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into, the later stage is taken off power to prevent from growing seedlings.

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