CN108157091A - A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium - Google Patents
A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157091A CN108157091A CN201711482153.4A CN201711482153A CN108157091A CN 108157091 A CN108157091 A CN 108157091A CN 201711482153 A CN201711482153 A CN 201711482153A CN 108157091 A CN108157091 A CN 108157091A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium, belongs to paddy soil heavy metal pollution control and safety production technique field.It includes the following steps：Dynamic Changes Analysis paddy soil acid-base property and the soil texture；2）To paddy soil liming matter class material；3）Determine whether next season Rice Cropping needs liming matter class material and its amount of application according to current year soil pH value.The acid-base value of paddy soil can be quickly adjusted by this method, effectively reduces the cadmium content in rice, and do not influence yield and quality of rice, controls the field production management of rice heavy metal cadmium by soil tune acid suitable for national different pollution risk areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to paddy soil heavy metal pollution controls and safety production technique field, and in particular to one kind is based on soil
The method that earth tune acid controls rice heavy metal cadmium.
Background technology
Rice is the most important cereal crops in China, and there is more than 65% population in the whole nation using rice as staple food.Heavy metal cadmium is
The non-essential element of plant growth, and rice is the monocotyledon for most easily absorbing cadmium and most important food-borne plant
Object, it has also become the main diet source of exposure of mankind's cadmium.Therefore, rice cadmium problem be directly related to national food consumption safety and
The health of general public.China just accelerates to change agricultural development mode, promotes agriculture supply side structural reform, establishes
The agricultural modernization path of " output efficiently, product safety, resource-effective, environmental-friendly ", formed the utilization of resources efficiently, ecosystem
System is stablized, home environment is good, Product quality and safety green agriculture development new frame.With industrial or agricultural fast development institute of China
The negative environment effects of generation gradually show, and the public is food-safe and problem of environmental pollution gives more sustained attention so that rice cadmium is dirty
Dye problem has arrived the stage controlled.
Rice cadmium pollution problem is long-standing.Rice cadmium exceeded most prominent producing region in China's is Hunan, next has Sichuan, wide
West, Jiangxi, zhejiang and other places, and the seldom cadmium of japonica rice in northern producing region is exceeded, majority is distributed in point pollution, but indivedual areas are also deposited
In exceeded phenomenon in flakes.The reason of forming rice cadmium pollution problem is various.First, southern area many places are in non-ferrous metal
Mining industry band, home environment nature background are higher.Secondly, the industrial or agricultural pollution of some areas and acid rain be it is very important it is important because
Element, especially atmosphere pollution cause acid rain to take place frequently, and soil acidification, heavy metal activity is caused to improve, increases crops to heavy metal
Absorption.Third, rice is the crop for having the high enriched character of heavy metal, and difference Xian round-grained rice type and same type difference product
There are larger difference between kind, the exceeded phenomenon of rice cadmium mostly occurs in Indica Rice area, and North Japonica Rice area is seldom.Finally, due to
The quality of the agricultural input products such as fertilizer is unqualified or unreasonable use and some unreasonable mode of agriculture also exacerbate
Paddy environment heavy metal pollution.For example, contaminated areas straw-returning, root and stem are the main portions of rice plant cadmium, but
Cadmium of the every season straw-returning again by plant enrichment is put into agricultural environment again, and heavy metal long-term " only import but no export " has aggravated rice
The pollution of cadmium in the environment of field.
Thoroughly to solve southern region of China rice cadmium excessive problem can not accomplish in one move, in addition to long-term ecological environment is protected
Shield and pollution control reparation according to the pollution level of different rice regions, environment, weather and plantation feature, change from breed breeding, soil
Good, fertilizer and water management, agronomic measures store up the links such as processing and start with, under the premise of quantity safety is ensured, using science, it is reasonable,
Feasible technical measures effectively reduce rice Cd accumulation, be only cadmium content in control rice, ensure food safety when business
It is anxious.Heavy metal cadmium in rice is mainly what is absorbed, transported and accumulated from soil by rice plant root system, native under acid condition
The validity of cadmium and bioactivity improve in earth, and plant is promoted to absorb enriching heavy metal cadmium from soil.Apply soil tune in rice field
Manage agent, by adjust soil acidity or alkalinity and chelating, passivation soil in cadmium, so as to reduce the content of soil available cadmium and
The bioactivity of cadmium is a relatively effective control cadmium technological approaches.Especially liming is the widely used soil in South Rice Region of China
Earth ameliorative measure can quickly adjust soil pH value, be suitable for Acid Paddy Soils, but the suitable lime consumption of different paddy soils is poor
Not larger, while high ph-values are put forward, the Mineral Elements Contents such as soil available iron, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel reduce, and easily make
Into soil hardening and alkalization, paddy growth and yield composition are influenced, it is bad to the control effect of cadmium content in rice.It is so far
Only, lack it is a kind of it is clearly effective, be suitable for China's difference paddy soil and the relatively low field tune acid control cadmium method of technical risk.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is an object of the invention to design to provide one kind based on soil tune acid control rice
The technical solution of the method for rice heavy metal cadmium.
A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1）Dynamic Changes Analysis paddy soil acid-base property and the soil texture, if the soil is less than 6.5 cement or loamy texture for pH value
Acid soil then carries out subsequently adjusting acid control Cadmium treated, if the soil is the acid soil of chiltern, partial neutral of the pH value more than 6.5 or
Basic soil is then without subsequently adjusting acid control Cadmium treated；
2）To paddy soil liming matter class material, amount of application is calculated by quick lime amount, and paddy soil pH value is 6.0~6.5
When, amount of application is 50~75kg/ mus；When pH value is 5.0~6.0, amount of application is 75~100kg/ mus；PH value<When 5.0, application
Measure is 100~150kg/ mus；Loamy texture acid soil selects low amount of application, and cement acid soil selects high amount of application；
3）Determine whether next season Rice Cropping needs liming matter class material and its amount of application according to current year soil pH value, soil
The acid soil that earth pH value is 6.0~6.5 applies a calcium carbonate class material for 2 years or 3 years, and pH value is less than 6.0 acid soil
It applies every year or next year applies a calcium carbonate class material.
A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium, it is characterised in that the step 2）In
Calcium carbonate class material is quick lime, white lime or lime stone；The calcium oxide content of calcium carbonate class material is not less than 85%, cadmium content
No more than 10mg/kg.
A kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium, it is characterised in that the step 2）In
The Dressing date of calcium carbonate class material is with method：It is accustomed to according to local Rice Cropping, preferential 7d~10d mono- before selecting basal dressing
Secondary property is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in native table, then is turned in time, whole field, makes itself and the abundant mixing of soil；If selection is in growths such as tiller, booting
During phase liming matter class material, after calcium carbonate class material is mixed into thin mud or granulation formation, uniformly it is sprinkled into the ranks, prevents from burning
Blade face.
The present invention is tied by carrying out field trial research verification on national different rice regions, different type paddy soil
Various regions Rice Production practical experience is closed, specifies applicable elements, lime type, amount of application and the application side of soil tune acid control cadmium
Method forms a kind of technical method that heavy metal cadmium in rice is controlled based on soil tune acid.It can quickly be adjusted by this method
The acid-base value of paddy soil effectively reduces the cadmium content in rice, and does not influence yield and quality of rice, suitable for the whole nation not
The field production management of rice heavy metal cadmium is controlled by soil tune acid with pollution risk area.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is influence of the liming matter class material to paddy soil acid-base value；
Fig. 2 is influence of the liming matter class material to cadmium content in different rice varieties brown rice；
Fig. 3 is influence of the liming matter class material to rice grain yield.
Specific embodiment
It further illustrates the present invention with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment
1 applicable elements
It is small that the method for liming matter class material tune acid control cadmium is suitable for slight, moderate, the soil pH value of heavy Cd contamination risk area
Cement or loamy texture acidity rice field in 6.5；The acid rice field of sandy soil should not use calcium carbonate class material to carry out soil tune acid
Control cadmium.
2 lime types
According to the calcium carbonates class material such as local resources supplIes and production custom selection quick lime, white lime, lime stone, oxidation
Calcium content is not less than 85%, and cadmium content is no more than 10mg/kg.
3 amounts of application and application times
3.1 according to paddy soil pH value and its amplitude of accommodation, the soil texture, Cd concentration of brown rice, lime type and its characteristic etc. because
Element considers, and adaptation to local conditions determines the amount of application and application times of calcium carbonate class material.
3.2 calcium carbonate class material amounts（Based on quick lime）：When soil pH value is 6.0~6.5, amount of application for 50~
75kg/ mus；When pH value is 5.0~6.0, amount of application is 75~100kg/ mus；PH value<When 5.0, amount of application is 100~150kg/
Mu.Loamy texture and the acid soil of cement select low and high amount of application respectively.
3.3 determine whether next season Rice Cropping needs liming matter class material and its application according to current year soil pH value
Amount, the acid soil that soil pH value is 6.0~6.5 apply a calcium carbonate class material for 2 years or 3 years, and pH value is less than 6.0 acidity
A calcium carbonate class material is applied or next year applied to soil every year.
4 Dressing dates and method
It is accustomed to according to local Rice Cropping, 7d~10d is disposably uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in native table, then turn in time before preferential selection basal dressing
It ploughs, whole field, makes itself and the abundant mixing of soil.If selection, can be by stone when tiller, booting are when growth periods liming matter class material
After grey matter class material is mixed into thin mud or granulation formation, uniformly it is sprinkled into the ranks, prevents blade face of burning.
5 points for attention
After 5.1 liming matter class material 7d~10d again to fertilize or organic fertilizer, it is sure not to apply or mix with the acidic fertilizier same period
Using the actual effect of acid control cadmium is adjusted in reduction.
5.2 growth periods spread fertilizer over the fields, and preferably have a small amount of water in field or into muddy when applies, make calcium carbonate class material instant soon
Solution, prevents from being lost in.
During 5.3 liming matter class material, operating personnel should take safety prevention measure, to prevent eyes of burning, skin or
Respiratory tract.
5.4 avoid leading to paddy soil alkalization because of chronic administration calcium carbonate class material, destroy soil texture and influence soil
Earth microorganism.
Test example
Method according to the embodiment, in Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi and the Zhejiang that rice heavy metal cadmium problem is relatively prominent
The provinces such as river carry out Combined Trials, study different lime consumptions to paddy soil physicochemical character, brown rice cadmium content and rice yield,
The influence of quality, verification calcium carbonate class material are determined as the validity of cadmium pollution paddy soil conditioner and its control cadmium effect
The soil tune acid threshold value of China typical case cadmium pollution rice region and suitable amount of application.
Research shows that：With the increase of lime requirement, paddy soil pH value significantly improves（Fig. 1）, the cadmium in brown rice
Content shows reduction（Fig. 2）, and rice yield and rice quality difference unobvious（Fig. 3, table 1）If but lime requirement mistake
It is more（200kg/ mus or more）, can be unfavorable to paddy soil and plant strain growth.Result of the test confirms, is one using appropriate lime
The important technique measure of rice cadmium pollution can be quickly and effectively controlled, it can be by adjusting paddy soil acid-base value and controlling Cadmium in Soil
Biological effectiveness, so as to reduce the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rice.Due to crop-planting and lime itself mineralization, soil pH
Higher level cannot be maintained always, can slowly be declined over time, soil cadmium content can be increased, be applied in acid soil
Lime can maintain or so a year and a half to the control effect of cadmium.However, chronic administration lime is adjusting soil acidity or alkalinity and control
While heavy metal biological activity, soil aggregate structure and microbiologic population can be also influenced, causes soil hardening and nutrient loss.
Therefore, the suitable lime consumption of determining different paddy soils is both needed, it is also noted that the administration period of calcium carbonate class material.
Influence of the different rice region liming matter class materials of table 1 to Grain Quality Traits in Rice
。
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium, it is characterised in that include the following steps：1）Dynamic Changes Analysis paddy soil acid-base property and the soil texture, if the soil is less than 6.5 cement or loamy texture for pH value Acid soil then carries out subsequently adjusting acid control Cadmium treated, if the soil is the acid soil of chiltern, partial neutral of the pH value more than 6.5 or Basic soil is then without subsequently adjusting acid control Cadmium treated；2）To paddy soil liming matter class material, amount of application is calculated by quick lime amount, and paddy soil pH value is 6.0~6.5 When, amount of application is 50~75kg/ mus；When pH value is 5.0~6.0, amount of application is 75~100kg/ mus；PH value<When 5.0, application Measure is 100~150kg/ mus；Loamy texture acid soil selects low amount of application, and cement acid soil selects high amount of application；3）Determine whether next season Rice Cropping needs liming matter class material and its amount of application according to current year soil pH value, soil The acid soil that earth pH value is 6.0~6.5 applies a calcium carbonate class material for 2 years or 3 years, and pH value is less than 6.0 acid soil It applies every year or next year applies a calcium carbonate class material.
- 2. a kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step 2）Middle calcium carbonate class material is quick lime, white lime or lime stone；The calcium oxide content of calcium carbonate class material is not less than 85%, cadmium content is no more than 10mg/kg.
- 3. a kind of method based on soil tune acid control rice heavy metal cadmium as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step 2）The Dressing date of middle calcium carbonate class material is with method：It is accustomed to according to local Rice Cropping, preferentially selects basal dressing Preceding 7d~10d is disposably uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in native table, then is turned in time, whole field, makes itself and the abundant mixing of soil；If selection is dividing Tiller, booting after calcium carbonate class material is mixed into thin mud or granulation formation, are uniformly sprinkled into when growth periods liming matter class material In the ranks, blade face of burning is prevented.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109220652A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 天津市农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | A method of Brown Rice cadmium content is reduced using soil root system is adjusted |
| CN110872517A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-10 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111085535A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-01 | 云南省环境科学研究院(中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心) | Method for determining addition amount of quicklime in organic contaminated soil treatment and treatment method of organic contaminated soil |
| CN111213556A (en) * | 2020-02-10 | 2020-06-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method of rice for medium and light cadmium-polluted soil |
| CN111436340A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 中南林业科技大学 | Safe production method of rice for medium and heavy cadmium-polluted rice field soil |
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