CN104885671A - Dynamic management method for soil nutrients in rubber plantation - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a dynamic management method for soil nutrients in a rubber plantation, comprising the following steps: dynamic managing target for the soil in the rubber plantation is determined according to the soil fertility level; the short-term target yield in the rubber plantation is determined in accordance with the current natural rubber price fluctuation and combined with the soil yield level; soil managing measures of soil in the rubber plantation under the dynamic management target for the soil of the rubber plantation is determined according to the dynamic management target for the soil of the rubber plantation and the short-term target yield in the rubber plantation; the soil management measures comprise: the application amount of organic fertilizers, the application amount of inorganic fertilizers and a dynamic fertilizer application method. Through the dynamic management method for the soil nutrients in the rubber plantation, on the one hand, rubber planters/rubber planting enterprises can use the minimum investment to obtain the maximum economic benefit so as to improve the input-output ratio; on the other hand, through the method, the goal of utilizing and nourishing rubber trees and utilizing and nourishing the land can be achieved; therefore, the stability of china's natural rubber total output and the sustainable development of natural rubber industry can be ensured.

Description

Rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method

Technical field

The invention belongs to soil management technical field, be specifically related to a kind of rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method.

Background technology

Natural rubber is important strategic materials and the raw material of industry, and China's Natural Rubber Industry Development, to ensure that China's natural rubber supply security is for target, is taken in increase glue agriculture, strengthened caoutchouc industry competitiveness for core.

Natural rubber mainly originates in hevea (Heveabrasiliensis), its another name is Para rubber tree, originate in west area, horse traction high mountain, Brazilian Amazon River basin, there is the ecological habit of happiness high temperature, rainy, quiet wind, fertile soil, mainly be distributed in north and south latitude 10 °, and China's Hevea rubber tree planting is mainly positioned at north latitude 18 ~ 24 °, limited because planting puddle ground area, mainly be distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Province, especially Hainan Province's plantation at most.

Natural rubber belongs to perennial commodity trees, plants and can extract glue in 6 ~ 8 years, and the economic life of seedling tree is 35 ~ 40 years, and bud grafting tree is 15 ~ 20 years, 60 years life-spans of growth.China's estate rubber due to latitude by north, winter low temperature, has violent typhoon several times to endanger every year, adds the barren arid of soil, can not have as country in Southeast Asia suitable rubbers set growth superior natural conditions.Therefore, the raising that China's natural rubber always produces must rely on the raising of yield per unit area, and the raising of per unit area yield must rely on the lifting of natural rubber growing industry scientific and technological level.

Soil is that natural rubber growth and primary product-latex form base, therefore, except cultivating wind resistance, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren kind, to strengthen outside the competitiveness of China's caoutchouc industry, form a set of rational dynamics of soil nutrients management method, avoid the blindly fertilising of glue agriculture/plant glue farm, guarantee that natural rubber short-term (a year) and long-term (whole economic life period) grow and produce the nutrient supply needed for glue, realize supporting tree with tree, extend bamboo grows campaign and realize cultivating soil fertility, thus at the whole growth cycle of bamboo grows, finally realize the profit maximization of glue agriculture and Zhi Jiao enterprise, reach rubber plantation stable high yield and realize the object of China's caoutchouc industry sustainable development.

In recent years, along with the significantly falling of international natural rubber price, the increase of China's caoutchouc industry human cost, glue agriculture and Zhi Jiao enterprise are in the edge of loss, glue agriculture is abandoned glue and is not cut, even without restraint cut down glue woods, plant glue workers in enterprise the means such as then to take to cut by force, guaranteeing income by improving output, thus cause the short-term production rate target of natural rubber and protrude by contradiction between the target of sustainable development that tree supports tree, soil fertility is increased soil fertility/cultivated to land used for a long time, have a strong impact on the sustainable development of China's caoutchouc industry.Therefore, under this situation, the dynamic Reasonable adjustment of soil nutrient test method in China's natural rubber production, thus reduce soil nutrient test cost, the international competitiveness strengthening glue agricultural Zhi Jiao enterprise seems particularly urgent.

Summary of the invention

For the defect that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method, can effectively solve the problem.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

The invention provides a kind of rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method, comprise the following steps:

Step 1: gather the soil specimen be managed, lab analysis is carried out to the soil specimen collected, obtains the basic physicochemical character index of soil; Wherein, the basic physicochemical character index of described soil comprises: soil pH, the soil texture, soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil;

Step 2: Comparison study analytical method, the basic physicochemical character index of the described soil that comparison bamboo grows classification for soil nutrition standard and step 1 obtain, obtains the up-to-date evaluation result of Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation; Wherein, the up-to-date evaluation result of described Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation is: the fertility level evaluating soil, that is: determine that soil is high fertile type soil, middle fertile type soil or low fertile type soil;

Then, according to the fertility level of soil, determine Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target;

Step 3: the soil fertility level determined according to step 2, determines the yield level of soil;

Step 4: according to current natural rubber price fluctuation situation, then the yield level of soil that integrating step 3 is determined, determine plantation short-term goal output:

Step 5: the plantation short-term goal output that the Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target determined according to step 2 and step 4 are determined, determines the Soil suppressiveness of Rubber plantation soils under Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target; Wherein, described Soil suppressiveness comprises: the amount of application of fertilizer, the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer and dynamic fertilizing method.

Preferably, in step 2, determine that soil is high fertile type soil, middle fertile type soil or low fertile type soil; Then, according to the fertility level of soil, determine Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target, be specially:

(1) if soil pH be 5.0-6.5, the soil texture is medium loam, organic soil horizons thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT25cm, soil organic matter content >4%, total nitrogen content of soil >0.1-0.25%, available nitrogen content >120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content >30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content >156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium >165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is high fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of high fertile type soil are: maintain soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil; Keep soil pH and quality present situation;

(2) if soil pH be 4.5-6.5, the soil texture for light sticky and light loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 15-25cm, soil organic matter content be 2-4%, total nitrogen content of soil 0.07-0.25%, soil available nitrogen content 60-120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content 11-30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content 78.5-156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium 62-165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is middle fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of middle fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture;

(3) if soil pH <4.5, the soil texture are attached most importance to, sticky and sandy loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 10-15cm, soil organic matter content are 1-2%, soil available nitrogen content <60mg/kg, total nitrogen content of soil 0.05%, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content <11mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content <19.5mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium <15mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is low fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of low fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture.

Preferably, step 3 is specially:

For the fertile type soil of height, the yield level of soil is >=double centner/mu; For middle fertile type soil: the yield level of soil is 80-100 thousand grams/acre; For low fertile type soil, the yield level of soil is 60-80 thousand grams/acre.

Preferably, step 4 is specially:

Obtain nearest N continuous year natural rubber price average Y1; Wherein, N is natural number;

Setting price change interval [a, b]; Obtain current natural rubber price Y2;

If | Y2-Y1| ∈ [a, b], then plantation short-term goal output equals the yield level of the soil that step 3 is determined;

If Y2-Y1 > b, then the yield level of soil determined higher than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output;

If Y2-Y1 < a, then the yield level of soil determined lower than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output.

Preferably, in step 5, the amount of application of fertilizer, determine by the following method:

According to following formula, calculate the amount of application of fertilizer:

Organic manure application rate=fertilizer applied based amount * 0.3/ fertilizer content of organic matter;

Wherein, fertilizer applied based amount is: when using the content of organic matter and being the fertilizer kind of 30%, needs the amount of organic fertilizer used;

For the fertile type soil of height, fertilizer applied based amount is 20-25kg/ strain, 600-750kg/ mu;

For middle fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 30-40kg/ strain, 900-1200kg/ mu;

For low fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 45-60kg/ strain, 1350-1800kg/ mu.

Preferably, in step 5, the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer, determine by the following method:

(1) on low fertile type soil, due to the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity that bamboo grows grows and completes required for short-term goal output, therefore, the scale amount of application >0 of inorganic fertilizer, adopt following formula (), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

Scale amount of application=β γ δ (bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients-soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal the output)/fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio of inorganic fertilizer; (1)

(2) on middle fertile type soil, following two kinds of situations are distinguished:

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then: the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/2 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then according to formula (one), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

(3) on the fertile type soil of height, bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then stop fertilise, or the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/3 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

Wherein, β, γ, δ are respectively: the age of tree, landform, weather are to the influence coefficient of the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer.

Preferably, in formula (), the value of β, γ, δ is:

(1) when apply fertilizer object be set in earsh and middle age time, β value is 1; When the object that applies fertilizer is aged tree, β value is 0.5-0.7;

Wherein, earsh is the gum of 0-12; Middle age sets the gum for 13-20; Aged tree is the gum of more than 20 years;

(2) apply fertilizer on level land, γ value is 1; Apply fertilizer for the gentle slope that the gradient is 5 °-15 °, γ value is 0.7 ~ 0.8; Be that the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 ° applies fertilizer for the gradient, γ value is 0.5 ~ 0.6;

(3), when applying fertilizer under preference temperature and suitable rainfall, δ value is 1;

Wherein, preference temperature is 25 DEG C; Suitable rainfall is: 1d rainfall=10.1mm ~ 50mm;

When applying fertilizer under the amount short of rain of 1d rainfall <10mm, δ value is 0.55 ~ 0.60;

The rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm, and temperature is higher than when applying fertilizer under the high temperature of 40 degree, and δ value is 0.60 ~ 0.70;

Bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients completed required for short-term goal output calculate by the following method:

(1) obtain all kinds of amount of nutrients of bamboo grows growth needs every year on average, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X1 to the growth nutrient amount of kind required for the nutrient of A;

Under tapping with stimulus system, obtain the amount of nutrients of producing all kinds of nutrients that the dry glue of 100kg consumes, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X2 to the amount of nutrients that the nutrient that kind is A consumes;

(2) rubber short-term goal output is set to Z thousand grams/acre, then: according to following formula, the growth of calculating bamboo grows and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients of A, and unit is kg/ mu:

Bamboo grows growth and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients=X2+Z*X2/100 of A.

Preferably, divide for nitrogen oxygen, the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average the amount of nutrients X1 of nitrogen is 3.61kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the nitrogen amount of nutrients X2 consumed is 9.54kg;

For P ₂o ₅oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average P ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X1 be 0.55kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the P consumed ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X2 is 2.88kg;

For K ₂o oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average K ₂the amount of nutrients X1 of O is 2.15kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the K consumed ₂o amount of nutrients X2 is 8.94kg.

Preferably, soil nurtient supply quantity, unit is thousand grams/acre, calculates by the following method:

The content value * root layer soil weight/mu of A nutrient in the soil that soil nurtient supply quantity=step 1 collects.

Preferably, fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio calculates by the following method:

Fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio=(amount of nutrients of the fertilization area Crop of the amount of nutrients of fertilization area Crop-not)/fertilizing amount;

Wherein, amount of nutrients=unit plant nutrient content * fertilization area, the fertilization area total plant mass of fertilization area Crop;

Not amount of nutrients=not fertilization area unit plant nutrient content * not fertilization area the total plant mass of fertilization area Crop.

Preferably, dynamic fertilizing method, determine by the following method:

According to soil types, gum leaf development situation, weather, landform, age of tree factor, dynamically determine fertilizing method; Wherein, fertilizing method comprises: fertilization time, fertilizer type, fertilization depth, fertilizer application frequency, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer;

(1) determination of fertilization time:

According to gum leaf development situation and weather, determine the time of basal dressing, that is: when gum leaf development, and after rainfall, or during by rainfall, basal dressing; After base manure applies, natural rubber root system is in most active state, and utilization rate of fertilizer is now the highest;

(2) determination of fertilization type: according to climatic condition, determine fertilization type, that is:

For the drought area of 1d rainfall <10mm, select the fertilizer variety of solvability >=6g in 100ml water at 20 DEG C; Wherein, phosphate fertilizer selects calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potassium chloride selected by potash fertilizer; Urea selected by nitrogenous fertilizer;

In the area of heavy rainfull of 1d rainfall >50mm, the fertilizer variety of solvability≤40 in 100ml water at selecting 20 DEG C; Nitrogenous fertilizer selects carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium chloride; Phosphate fertilizer selects fused calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potash fertilizer selects potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate or potassium chloride;

In the suitable rainfall area that 1d rainfall is 10-50mm, fertilization type is not limit;

(3) determination of fertilizer application frequency:

On loam, clay, level land, execute 3 fertilizer altogether: 60%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount;

On sand, level land and the content of organic matter is on the soil of 1-2%, execute 3 fertilizer altogether; 40%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and is carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount;

In sand, level land and the content of organic matter lower than on the soil of 1%, execute 4 fertilizer altogether; At 3-4 month basal dressing, basal dressing quantity accounts for 25% of total fertilising quantity; Carry out the 1st the 6-7 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 2nd the 8-9 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 3rd the 10-11 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount;

The gradient be the ground, gentle slope of 5 °-15 °, the gradient is on the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 °, fertilizer application frequency is 2 times on level land, and each fertilizing amount is 1/2 of corresponding fertilizing amount on level land; Further, use in the suitable rainfall situation that ground, gentle slope is 10-25mm at amount short of rain or the 1d rainfall of 1d rainfall <10mm, steep hillslope is not used at the rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm;

(4) determination of fertilization depth: according to age of tree factor, determine fertilization depth, makes fertilizer impose on the intensive position of Root Distribution:

Be specially:

Become bamboo grows in age, its fertilizer placement is: in the horizontal direction, apart from trunk 100-150CM place, in the vertical direction, is 0-30cm soil layer;

For treelet, impose on the position outside trunk horizontal direction, that is: Distance-Tree encloses thick 2.5-3 position doubly.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:

Rubber plantation provided by the invention dynamics of soil nutrients management method has the following advantages:

On the one hand, glue agriculture/minimum input of Zhi Jiao enterprise can be made, obtain maximum economic benefit, also namely improve input/output ratio; On the other hand, the present invention can reach the object with tree supports tree, land used is increased soil fertility, thus on limited planted puddle earth, guarantees the sustainable development of the stable and caoutchouc industry that China's natural rubber always produces.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rubber plantation provided by the invention dynamics of soil nutrients management method.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:

The object of the invention is: be a kind of long-term crop for Para rubber tree, in its whole growth cycle, natural rubber price fluctuation is larger, glue agriculture/Zhi Jiao enterprise is caused to focus on short-term production rate target, short-term input/output ratio, and ignore the foster tree of natural rubber whole economic life interim tree, land used increases soil fertility/target of sustainable development such as soil fertility cultivation, the invention provides a kind of rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method, thus solve natural rubber growth input a middle or short term, short-term production rate target and land used are increased soil fertility, the contradiction between soil nutrient test in the long-period of management target of tree is supported with tree.

Composition graphs 1, the invention provides a kind of rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method, comprises the following steps:

Step 1: gather the soil specimen be managed, lab analysis is carried out to the soil specimen collected, obtains the basic physicochemical character index of soil;

Wherein, the basic physicochemical character index of described soil comprises: soil pH, the soil texture, soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil;

Step 2: Comparison study analytical method, the basic physicochemical character index of the described soil that comparison bamboo grows classification for soil nutrition standard and step 1 obtain, obtains the up-to-date evaluation result of Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation; Wherein, the up-to-date evaluation result of described Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation is: the fertility level evaluating soil, that is: determine that soil is high fertile type soil, middle fertile type soil or low fertile type soil;

Then, according to the fertility level of soil, determine Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target;

This step is specially:

(1) if soil pH be 5.0-6.5, the soil texture is medium loam, organic soil horizons thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT25cm, soil organic matter content >4%, total nitrogen content of soil >0.1-0.25%, available nitrogen content >120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content >30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content >156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium >165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is high fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of high fertile type soil are: maintain soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil; Keep soil pH and quality present situation;

(2) if soil pH be 4.5-6.5, the soil texture for light sticky and light loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 15-25cm, soil organic matter content be 2-4%, total nitrogen content of soil 0.07-0.25%, soil available nitrogen content 60-120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content 11-30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content 78.5-156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium 62-165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is middle fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of middle fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture;

(3) if soil pH <4.5, the soil texture are attached most importance to, sticky and sandy loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 10-15cm, soil organic matter content are 1-2%, soil available nitrogen content <60mg/kg, total nitrogen content of soil 0.05%, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content <11mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content <19.5mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium <15mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is low fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of low fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture.

Step 3: the soil fertility level determined according to step 2, determines the yield level of soil;

This step is determined by the following method:

For the fertile type soil of height, the yield level of soil is >=double centner/mu; For middle fertile type soil: the yield level of soil is 80-100 thousand grams/acre; For low fertile type soil, the yield level of soil is 60-80 thousand grams/acre.

Step 4: according to current natural rubber price fluctuation situation, then the yield level of soil that integrating step 3 is determined, determine plantation short-term goal output:

This step is determined by the following method:

Obtain nearest N continuous year natural rubber price average Y1; Wherein, N is natural number;

Setting price change interval [a, b]; Obtain current natural rubber price Y2;

If | Y2-Y1| ∈ [a, b], show that current natural rubber price level is normal condition, then plantation short-term goal output equals the yield level of the soil that step 3 is determined;

If Y2-Y1 > is b, show that current natural rubber price level is better, then the yield level of soil determined higher than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output;

If Y2-Y1 < is a, show that current natural rubber price level is poor, then the yield level of soil determined lower than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output.

Step 5: the plantation short-term goal output that the Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target determined according to step 2 and step 4 are determined, determines the Soil suppressiveness of Rubber plantation soils under Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target; Wherein, described Soil suppressiveness comprises: the amount of application of fertilizer, the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer and dynamic fertilizing method.Below these three kinds of control measures are introduced respectively:

(1) amount of application of fertilizer

According to following formula, calculate the amount of application of fertilizer:

Organic manure application rate=fertilizer applied based amount * 0.3/ fertilizer content of organic matter;

Wherein, fertilizer applied based amount is: when using the content of organic matter and being the fertilizer kind of 30%, needs the amount of organic fertilizer used;

For the fertile type soil of height, fertilizer applied based amount is 20-25kg/ strain, 600-750kg/ mu;

For middle fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 30-40kg/ strain, 900-1200kg/ mu;

For low fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 45-60kg/ strain, 1350-1800kg/ mu.

That is, in the area that soil fertility is poor, need many application of organic fertilizers, thus improve the soil texture.

In addition, manure type comprises the three major types such as farmyard manure, green manure and humic acid fertilizer, fertilizer kind will be often changed in using, or the mixing fertilizer kind of single administration carbon-nitrogen rate ≈ 25/1, keep diversity and the stability of charcoal nitrogen nutrition eurythmy and microbiologic population in the suitable decomposition rate of fertilizer in soil and soil.

(2) amount of application of inorganic fertilizer

The amount of application of inorganic fertilizer, determine by the following method:

Note: the kind of chemical fertilizer comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium etc., in soil, the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer calculates, and need carry out the rates of fertilizer such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, fertiliser containing magnesium respectively.Scale refers to the consumption of N, P2O5, K2O.

(1) on low fertile type soil, due to the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity that bamboo grows grows and completes required for short-term goal output, therefore, the scale amount of application >0 of inorganic fertilizer, gum growth and the nutrient produced in glue applicable soil nutrient pool less, the emphasis that applies fertilizer in soil management meets natural rubber growth and produces the needs of glue, simultaneously, improve nutrient reserves in soil nutrient pool, therefore, adopt following formula (), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

Scale amount of application=β γ δ (bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients-soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal the output)/fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio of inorganic fertilizer; (1)

(2) on middle fertile type soil, following two kinds of situations are distinguished:

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, gum growth and product glue can apply the nutrient in soil nutrient pool, the emphasis that applies fertilizer in soil management meets natural rubber growth and produces the needs of glue, simultaneously, nutrient reserves in suitable raising soil nutrient pool, then: the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/2 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then according to formula (one), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

(3) on the fertile type soil of height, bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, gum growth and product glue can apply the nutrient in soil nutrient pool, in soil management, fertilizing amount is executed for stopping, or the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/3 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

Wherein, β, γ, δ are respectively: the age of tree, landform, weather are to the influence coefficient of the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer.

In formula (), introduce the method for solving of formula each several part below respectively:

A the value of () β, γ, δ is:

(1) when apply fertilizer object be set in earsh and middle age time, β value is 1; When the object that applies fertilizer is aged tree, β value is 0.5-0.7;

Wherein, earsh is the gum of 0-12; Middle age sets the gum for 13-20; Aged tree is the gum of more than 20 years;

(2) apply fertilizer on level land, γ value is 1; Apply fertilizer for the gentle slope that the gradient is 5 °-15 °, γ value is 0.7 ~ 0.8; Be that the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 ° applies fertilizer for the gradient, γ value is 0.5 ~ 0.6;

(3), when applying fertilizer under preference temperature and suitable rainfall, δ value is 1;

Wherein, preference temperature is 25 DEG C; Suitable rainfall is: 1d rainfall=10.1mm ~ 50mm;

When applying fertilizer under the amount short of rain of 1d rainfall <10mm, δ value is 0.55 ~ 0.60;

The rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm, and temperature is higher than when applying fertilizer under the high temperature of 40 degree, and δ value is 0.60 ~ 0.70;

The growth of (b) bamboo grows and the amount of nutrients completed required for short-term goal output

Bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients completed required for short-term goal output calculate by the following method:

(1) obtain all kinds of amount of nutrients of bamboo grows growth needs every year on average, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X1 to the growth nutrient amount of kind required for the nutrient of A;

Under tapping with stimulus system, obtain the amount of nutrients of producing all kinds of nutrients that the dry glue of 100kg consumes, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X2 to the amount of nutrients that the nutrient that kind is A consumes;

(2) rubber short-term goal output is set to Z thousand grams/acre, then: according to following formula, the growth of calculating bamboo grows and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients of A, and unit is kg/ mu:

Bamboo grows growth and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients=X2+Z*X2/100 of A.

In practical application, divide for nitrogen oxygen, the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average the amount of nutrients X1 of nitrogen is 3.61kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the nitrogen amount of nutrients X2 consumed is 9.54kg;

For P ₂o ₅oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average P ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X1 be 0.55kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the P consumed ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X2 is 2.88kg;

For K ₂o oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average K ₂the amount of nutrients X1 of O is 2.15kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the K consumed ₂o amount of nutrients X2 is 8.94kg.

(c) soil nurtient supply quantity

Soil nurtient supply quantity, unit is thousand grams/acre, calculates by the following method:

The content value * root layer soil weight/mu of A nutrient in the soil that soil nurtient supply quantity=step 1 collects.

(d) fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio

Fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio calculates by the following method:

Fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio=(amount of nutrients of the fertilization area Crop of the amount of nutrients of fertilization area Crop-not)/fertilizing amount;

Wherein, amount of nutrients=unit plant nutrient content * fertilization area, the fertilization area total plant mass of fertilization area Crop;

Not amount of nutrients=not fertilization area unit plant nutrient content * not fertilization area the total plant mass of fertilization area Crop.

(3) dynamic fertilizing method

Dynamic fertilizing method, determine by the following method:

According to soil types, gum leaf development situation, weather, landform, age of tree factor, dynamically determine fertilizing method; Wherein, fertilizing method comprises: fertilization time, fertilizer type, fertilization depth, fertilizer application frequency, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer;

(1) determination of fertilization time:

According to gum leaf development situation and weather, determine the time of basal dressing, that is: when gum leaf development, and after rainfall, or during by rainfall, basal dressing; After base manure applies, natural rubber root system is in most active state, and utilization rate of fertilizer is now the highest;

(2) determination of fertilization type: according to climatic condition, determine fertilization type, that is:

For the drought area of 1d rainfall <10mm, select the fertilizer variety of solvability >=6g in 100ml water at 20 DEG C; Wherein, phosphate fertilizer selects calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potassium chloride selected by potash fertilizer; Urea selected by nitrogenous fertilizer;

In the area of heavy rainfull of 1d rainfall >50mm, the fertilizer variety of solvability≤40 in 100ml water at selecting 20 DEG C; Nitrogenous fertilizer selects carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium chloride; Phosphate fertilizer selects fused calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potash fertilizer selects potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate or potassium chloride;

In the suitable rainfall area that 1d rainfall is 10-50mm, fertilization type is not limit;

(3) determination of fertilizer application frequency:

On loam, clay, level land, execute 3 fertilizer altogether: 60%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount;

On sand, level land and the content of organic matter is on the soil of 1-2%, execute 3 fertilizer altogether; 40%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and is carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount;

In sand, level land and the content of organic matter lower than on the soil of 1%, execute 4 fertilizer altogether; At 3-4 month basal dressing, basal dressing quantity accounts for 25% of total fertilising quantity; Carry out the 1st the 6-7 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 2nd the 8-9 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 3rd the 10-11 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount;

The gradient be the ground, gentle slope of 5 °-15 °, the gradient is on the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 °, fertilizer application frequency is 2 times on level land, and each fertilizing amount is 1/2 of corresponding fertilizing amount on level land; Further, use in the suitable rainfall situation that ground, gentle slope is 10-25mm at amount short of rain or the 1d rainfall of 1d rainfall <10mm, steep hillslope is not used at the rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm;

(4) determination of fertilization depth: according to age of tree factor, determine fertilization depth, makes fertilizer impose on the intensive position of Root Distribution:

Be specially:

Become bamboo grows in age, its fertilizer placement is: in the horizontal direction, apart from trunk 100-150CM place, in the vertical direction, is 0-30cm soil layer;

For treelet, impose on the position outside trunk horizontal direction, that is: Distance-Tree encloses thick 2.5-3 position doubly.

Major advantage of the present invention is as follows:

(1) dynamic fertilizing management: according to Evaluation of Soil Nutrients result, dynamically formulates soil nutrient test target;

(2) dynamic of short-term production rate target: according to the fluctuation of international natural rubber price, dynamically formulates the yield target under the force level of various places;

(3) dynamic of Fertilization Level: according to the fluctuation of international natural rubber price, provide the Fertilization Level under maintenance gum normal growth, the various yield target of gum, thus instruct glue agriculture/Zhi Jiao enterprise to drop into ability according to self human and material resources, adopt dynamically reasonably Fertilization Level;

(4) dynamic of fertilizing method: dynamically determine fertilization time, fertilizer placement, fertilizer application frequency, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer etc. according to weather, landform, the age of tree etc.

Therefore, by the dynamic management approach of rubber plantation provided by the invention soil nutrient, on the one hand, glue agriculture/minimum input of Zhi Jiao enterprise can be made, obtain maximum economic benefit, also namely improve input/output ratio; On the other hand, the present invention can reach the object with tree supports tree, land used is increased soil fertility, thus on limited planted puddle earth, guarantees the sustainable development of the stable and caoutchouc industry that China's natural rubber always produces.

Embodiment 1

Yangjiang branch company of Hai Jiao group of Hainan Province granite grows clay, within 2012, physiochemical properties of soil is as follows: soil organic matter layer thickness 12cm, pH4.30, soil organic matter content 1.51%, total nitrogen content of soil 0.05%, soil available nitrogen content 58mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content 6.01mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium 13.2mg/kg of O content 18.5mg/kg, soil.

Dynamics of soil nutrients management method is as follows:

(1) Comparison study analytical method, evaluate this soil fertility, result shows, it is low fertile type soil, and the dynamic management target of soil is: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, raising total nitrogen content of soil, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content and pH, improve the soil texture;

(2) yield level of soil is determined: the yield level of soil is 60-80 thousand grams/acre

(3) plantation short-term goal output is determined: 2007-2011 natural rubber price fluctuation scope [a b]=[13,000 44000], mean value Y1=22600 yuan/ton, 2012 annual prices are 25300 yuan/ton, (Y2-Y1) <13000, the short-term production rate target <60 of plantation thousand grams/acre

(4) Soil suppressiveness of Rubber plantation soils under Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target and target output:

1. organic manure application rate: use the fertilizer 45-60kg/ strain that the content of organic matter is 30%, 1350-1800kg/ mu

2. the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer calculates:

Scale amount of application=β γ δ (bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients-soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal the output)/fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio of inorganic fertilizer

Bamboo grows growth and N, P2O5, K2O amount of nutrients completed required for short-term goal output are respectively 9.33kg/ mu, 2.28kg/ mu, 7.51kg/ mu; Soil nurtient supply quantity is respectively 8.7kg/ mu, 0.90kg/ mu, 4.72kg/ mu

β γ δ is 1, N, the fertile utilization ratio of P2O5, K2O is respectively 0.3,0.25,0.6, and amount of application result of calculation is respectively 2.11kg/ mu, 5.51kg/ mu, 4.61kg/ mu

3. the fertilizer variety that this plantation is selected is urea, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium chloride;

4. fertilization time: first time topdresses mid or late March, and fertilizing amount accounts for 60% of annual total fertilization amount, second time fertilising is mid or late June, topdresses by the end of August for the third time, respectively accounts for 30% of total fertilization amount;

5. fertilizing method: in order to prevent nitrogen volatilization loss, earthing 2-3cm after fertilising;

6. this area's result of the test is: dry incineration method reaches 62kg/ mu, full nitrogen 0.63g/kg after off-test, available phosphorus 6.15mg/kg, available potassium 31.89mg/kg, soil nutrient content is higher than before test, visible, the application of this area's dynamics of soil nutrients fertilizing method had both reached short-term production rate target, reached again land used and to increase soil fertility target.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should look protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a rubber plantation dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step 1: gather the soil specimen be managed, lab analysis is carried out to the soil specimen collected, obtains the basic physicochemical character index of soil; Wherein, the basic physicochemical character index of described soil comprises: soil pH, the soil texture, soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil;

Step 2: Comparison study analytical method, the basic physicochemical character index of the described soil that comparison bamboo grows classification for soil nutrition standard and step 1 obtain, obtains the up-to-date evaluation result of Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation; Wherein, the up-to-date evaluation result of described Rubber plantation soils nutrient situation is: the fertility level evaluating soil, that is: determine that soil is high fertile type soil, middle fertile type soil or low fertile type soil;

Then, according to the fertility level of soil, determine Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target;

Step 3: the soil fertility level determined according to step 2, determines the yield level of soil;

Step 4: according to current natural rubber price fluctuation situation, then the yield level of soil that integrating step 3 is determined, determine plantation short-term goal output:

Step 5: the plantation short-term goal output that the Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target determined according to step 2 and step 4 are determined, determines the Soil suppressiveness of Rubber plantation soils under Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target; Wherein, described Soil suppressiveness comprises: the amount of application of fertilizer, the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer and dynamic fertilizing method.

2. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, in step 2, determines that soil is high fertile type soil, middle fertile type soil or low fertile type soil; Then, according to the fertility level of soil, determine Rubber plantation soils dynamic management target, be specially:

(1) if soil pH be 5.0-6.5, the soil texture is medium loam, organic soil horizons thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT25cm, soil organic matter content >4%, total nitrogen content of soil >0.1-0.25%, available nitrogen content >120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content >30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content >156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium >165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is high fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of high fertile type soil are: maintain soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil; Keep soil pH and quality present situation;

(2) if soil pH be 4.5-6.5, the soil texture for light sticky and light loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 15-25cm, soil organic matter content be 2-4%, total nitrogen content of soil 0.07-0.25%, soil available nitrogen content 60-120mg/kg, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content 11-30mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content 78.5-156mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium 62-165mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is middle fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of middle fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture;

(3) if soil pH <4.5, the soil texture are attached most importance to, sticky and sandy loam, soil organic matter layer thickness 10-15cm, soil organic matter content are 1-2%, soil available nitrogen content <60mg/kg, total nitrogen content of soil 0.05%, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content <11mg/kg, soil available nitrogen K ₂o content <19.5mg/kg and the effective content of magnesium <15mg/kg of soil, then the up-to-date evaluation result of soil nutrient status is: this soil is low fertile type soil;

The soil dynamic management objectives of low fertile type soil are: improve soil organic matter layer thickness, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content of soil, soil available nitrogen content, soil quick-effective phosphor P ₂o ₅content, soil available nitrogen K ₂the effective content of magnesium of O content, soil and pH; Improve the soil texture.

3. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, it is characterized in that, step 3 is specially:

For the fertile type soil of height, the yield level of soil is >=double centner/mu; For middle fertile type soil: the yield level of soil is 80-100 thousand grams/acre; For low fertile type soil, the yield level of soil is 60-80 thousand grams/acre.

4. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, it is characterized in that, step 4 is specially:

Obtain nearest N continuous year natural rubber price average Y1; Wherein, N is natural number;

Setting price change interval [a, b]; Obtain current natural rubber price Y2;

If | Y2-Y1| ∈ [a, b], then plantation short-term goal output equals the yield level of the soil that step 3 is determined;

If Y2-Y1 > b, then the yield level of soil determined higher than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output;

If Y2-Y1 < a, then the yield level of soil determined lower than step 3 of plantation short-term goal output.

5. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, in step 5, and the amount of application of fertilizer, determine by the following method:

According to following formula, calculate the amount of application of fertilizer:

Organic manure application rate=fertilizer applied based amount * 0.3/ fertilizer content of organic matter;

Wherein, fertilizer applied based amount is: when using the content of organic matter and being the fertilizer kind of 30%, needs the amount of organic fertilizer used;

For the fertile type soil of height, fertilizer applied based amount is 20-25kg/ strain, 600-750kg/ mu;

For middle fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 30-40kg/ strain, 900-1200kg/ mu;

For low fertile type soil, fertilizer applied based amount is 45-60kg/ strain, 1350-1800kg/ mu.

6. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, in step 5, and the amount of application of inorganic fertilizer, determine by the following method:

(1) on low fertile type soil, due to the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity that bamboo grows grows and completes required for short-term goal output, therefore, the scale amount of application >0 of inorganic fertilizer, adopt following formula (), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

Scale amount of application=β γ δ (bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients-soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal the output)/fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio of inorganic fertilizer; (1)

(2) on middle fertile type soil, following two kinds of situations are distinguished:

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then: the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/2 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

If bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients > soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then according to formula (one), calculate the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer:

(3) on the fertile type soil of height, bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients < soil nurtient supply quantity completed required for short-term goal output, then stop fertilise, or the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer is with area, with 1/3 of low fertility soil inorganic fertilizer scale amount of application in soil types;

Wherein, β, γ, δ are respectively: the age of tree, landform, weather are to the influence coefficient of the scale amount of application of inorganic fertilizer.

7. rubber plantation according to claim 6 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, in formula (), the value of β, γ, δ is:

(1) when apply fertilizer object be set in earsh and middle age time, β value is 1; When the object that applies fertilizer is aged tree, β value is 0.5-0.7;

Wherein, earsh is the gum of 0-12; Middle age sets the gum for 13-20; Aged tree is the gum of more than 20 years;

(2) apply fertilizer on level land, γ value is 1; Apply fertilizer for the gentle slope that the gradient is 5 °-15 °, γ value is 0.7 ~ 0.8; Be that the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 ° applies fertilizer for the gradient, γ value is 0.5 ~ 0.6;

(3), when applying fertilizer under preference temperature and suitable rainfall, δ value is 1;

Wherein, preference temperature is 25 DEG C; Suitable rainfall is: 1d rainfall=10.1mm ~ 50mm;

When applying fertilizer under the amount short of rain of 1d rainfall <10mm, δ value is 0.55 ~ 0.60;

The rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm, and temperature is higher than when applying fertilizer under the high temperature of 40 degree, and δ value is 0.60 ~ 0.70;

Bamboo grows growth and the amount of nutrients completed required for short-term goal output calculate by the following method:

(1) obtain all kinds of amount of nutrients of bamboo grows growth needs every year on average, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X1 to the growth nutrient amount of kind required for the nutrient of A;

Under tapping with stimulus system, obtain the amount of nutrients of producing all kinds of nutrients that the dry glue of 100kg consumes, unit is kg/ mu; Bamboo grows is designated as X2 to the amount of nutrients that the nutrient that kind is A consumes;

(2) rubber short-term goal output is set to Z thousand grams/acre, then: according to following formula, the growth of calculating bamboo grows and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients of A, and unit is kg/ mu:

Bamboo grows growth and the kind completed required for short-term goal output are the amount of nutrients=X2+Z*X2/100 of A.

8. rubber plantation according to claim 7 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, divide for nitrogen oxygen, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average the amount of nutrients X1 of nitrogen is 3.61kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the nitrogen amount of nutrients X2 consumed is 9.54kg;

For P ₂o ₅oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average P ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X1 be 0.55kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the P consumed ₂o ₅amount of nutrients X2 is 2.88kg;

For K ₂o oxygen divides, and the kind of bamboo grows growth needs is every year on average K ₂the amount of nutrients X1 of O is 2.15kg/ mu; Produce the dry glue of 100kg, the K consumed ₂o amount of nutrients X2 is 8.94kg.

9. rubber plantation according to claim 6 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, is characterized in that, soil nurtient supply quantity, and unit is thousand grams/acre, calculates by the following method:

The content value * root layer soil weight/mu of A nutrient in the soil that soil nurtient supply quantity=step 1 collects.

10. rubber plantation according to claim 6 dynamics of soil nutrients management method, it is characterized in that, fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio calculates by the following method:

Fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio=(amount of nutrients of the fertilization area Crop of the amount of nutrients of fertilization area Crop-not)/fertilizing amount;

Wherein, amount of nutrients=unit plant nutrient content * fertilization area, the fertilization area total plant mass of fertilization area Crop;

Not amount of nutrients=not fertilization area unit plant nutrient content * not fertilization area the total plant mass of fertilization area Crop.

11. rubber plantation according to claim 1 dynamics of soil nutrients management methods, is characterized in that dynamic fertilizing method is determined by the following method:

According to soil types, gum leaf development situation, weather, landform, age of tree factor, dynamically determine fertilizing method; Wherein, fertilizing method comprises: fertilization time, fertilizer type, fertilization depth, fertilizer application frequency, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer;

(1) determination of fertilization time:

According to gum leaf development situation and weather, determine the time of basal dressing, that is: when gum leaf development, and after rainfall, or during by rainfall, basal dressing; After base manure applies, natural rubber root system is in most active state, and utilization rate of fertilizer is now the highest;

(2) determination of fertilization type: according to climatic condition, determine fertilization type, that is:

For the drought area of 1d rainfall <10mm, select the fertilizer variety of solvability >=6g in 100ml water at 20 DEG C; Wherein, phosphate fertilizer selects calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potassium chloride selected by potash fertilizer; Urea selected by nitrogenous fertilizer;

In the area of heavy rainfull of 1d rainfall >50mm, the fertilizer variety of solvability≤40 in 100ml water at selecting 20 DEG C; Nitrogenous fertilizer selects carbonic hydroammonium or ammonium chloride; Phosphate fertilizer selects fused calcium magnesium phosphate or calcium phosphate or superphosphate; Potash fertilizer selects potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate or potassium chloride;

In the suitable rainfall area that 1d rainfall is 10-50mm, fertilization type is not limit;

(3) determination of fertilizer application frequency:

On loam, clay, level land, execute 3 fertilizer altogether: 60%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 20% of total fertilizing amount;

On sand, level land and the content of organic matter is on the soil of 1-2%, execute 3 fertilizer altogether; 40%, the 6-7 month gum that basal dressing quantity accounts for total fertilising quantity is taken out the second fluffy leaf and is carried out the 1st time and topdress, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount; The product glue peak period in August, carries out the 2nd time and topdresses, and the fertilizing amount added accounts for 30% of total fertilizing amount;

In sand, level land and the content of organic matter lower than on the soil of 1%, execute 4 fertilizer altogether; At 3-4 month basal dressing, basal dressing quantity accounts for 25% of total fertilising quantity; Carry out the 1st the 6-7 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 2nd the 8-9 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount; Carry out the 3rd the 10-11 month to topdress, the fertilizing amount added accounts for 25% of total fertilizing amount;

The gradient be the ground, gentle slope of 5 °-15 °, the gradient is on the steep hillslope of 25 ° ~ 35 °, fertilizer application frequency is 2 times on level land, and each fertilizing amount is 1/2 of corresponding fertilizing amount on level land; Further, use in the suitable rainfall situation that ground, gentle slope is 10-25mm at amount short of rain or the 1d rainfall of 1d rainfall <10mm, steep hillslope is not used at the rainy weather of 1d rainfall >50mm;

(4) determination of fertilization depth: according to age of tree factor, determine fertilization depth, makes fertilizer impose on the intensive position of Root Distribution:

Be specially:

Become bamboo grows in age, its fertilizer placement is: in the horizontal direction, apart from trunk 100-150CM place, in the vertical direction, is 0-30cm soil layer;

For treelet, impose on the position outside trunk horizontal direction, that is: Distance-Tree encloses thick 2.5-3 position doubly.