CN103858578B - The method of potato seed planting potato fertilizition control - Google Patents
The method of potato seed planting potato fertilizition control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method that the present invention relates to potato seed planting potato fertilizition control. Including: measure the nutrient in soil the measurement result according to nutrient, select the field of kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, and determine kind and the planting type of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi; Determine the respective total fertilization amount that each dvielement is fertile; Determine before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method; Determine base manure respectively, topdress and foliage fertilizer respective kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase. Be conducive to giving full play to of fertilizition control technical role, be easier to the purpose realizing the keeping quality of potato seed and productive synchronization raising.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agriculture field, a kind of method particularly relating to potato seed planting potato fertilizition control.
Background technology
At present, in Potato Industry chain, it is have basic, key and importance production link that virus-free seed potato produces. The rank of China's virus-free seed potato, is divided into according to national standard (GB18133-2012): original silkworm egg (G1), original seed (G2), one-level kind (G3), 4 ranks of two grades of kinds (G4). Original silkworm egg potato seed is best in quality, but production cost is also the highest; The production of seed stock cost of next stage reduces, but quality tends to declining step by step. In the commodity planting potato industry of current China, mainly using one-level kind (G3), two grades of kinds (G4) as the potato seed material of commodity potato. Due to the pulling production of I and II potato seed great market demand, China's production of seed stock scope of the enterprise progressively expands in recent years, and the volume of production of I and II potato seed quickly increases. Delayed due to technical development, usually there is potato seed storage " bad cellar for storing things " event in Some Enterprises, causes great economic loss. So for production of seed stock sale enterprise, planting the potato seed product of output then, if can preserve and sale of guaranteeing the quality in spring next year by safe overwintering, become a technical bottleneck link. Potato seed enterprise puts into effect in the urgent need to the safe and efficient storage new technique of potato seed of suitable locality.
Potato seed storage new technique includes technology and storage period Optimum storage condition two aspects of establishment that self keeping quality of potato seed tuber is improved. Create Optimum storage condition (temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ethylene, illumination, air-flow, sterilized environment) by intelligent control technology and solve the technology of storage problem, currently have relatively advanced achievement in application. Such as domestic many enterprises, from the external complete Rhizoma Solani tuber osi controlled atmosphere store storage facilities introduced, have solved this environmental condition control problem preferably. And technical problem is that the improving environment of self keeping quality of potato seed tuber on the other hand. Potato seed self keeping quality is determined by kind inherited character used and plant development process technology level. The approach being improved potato seed keeping quality by plant development technology has a lot, select to select with control, tillage and cultivation mode including planting environment, fertilizition control, water supply regulation and control, hormone regulating and controlling etc. Fertilizition control technology therein, has more operability and can room for improvement in practice. Fertilizition control technology improves the principles of science of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi storage tolerance foundation, mainly includes the elements such as (1) potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon and potato cell wall construction, tissue pectin layer, tissue hardness, resistance infection are obviously enhanced effect;Particularly feed in the strengthening of the quick expanding stage of tuber, be beneficial in the tuber latter stage of ripening after gathering the improvement of keeping quality; (2) uneven supply between fertilizer nutrient, nitrogen oversupply, all can cause that the storage performance of tuber declines. Be currently used in the fertilizition control technology improving keeping quality specifically include that compound fertilizer base manure mend execute technology, medium trace element imposes technology, nitrogen technology, slow release fertilizer practice are executed in medium trace element foliage-spray technology, equilibrium, or above-mentioned several single technology different growing stages with the use of.
Above-mentioned single or several technology with the use of process in, how to be selected by fertilizer, the technology of proportioning between kind, fertilization mode, Dressing date links carries out reasonably integrated, keeping quality is made to rise to optimum efficiency, yield and quality also can reach target call simultaneously, fertilizer consumes and fertilising work consumption can be preferably minimized again degree, optimisation technique integration problem this complexity, systematic. This Integration ofTechnology is not yet solved at present, and this problem is the practical technique currently planting planting potato and storage production practices link urgent needs. The solution of this technology can also make up in current China potato seed planting potato simultaneously, the weak point that fertilising exists: namely currently used Formula fertilization by soil testing, it is based on the intrinsic nitrogen of soil, phosphorus, potassium nutrition supply capacity, with the yield (per mu yield) of kind and quality (commodity rate, content of starch, protein content, content of reducing sugar etc.) the maximum primary target that turns to, design fertilizer application formula; Secondary and micro-element fertilizers, storage tolerance performance, merely as subgoal, are not even taken into account; Although the application of this guidance technology as a result, achieve effect of increasing production, but the economic benefit that yield-increasing technology brings, can be reduced, by storage storability, the rotten potato caused and lose and offset, result in volume increase can not potentiation.
Because above-mentioned defect, the design people, actively in addition research and innovation, to a kind of method founding potato seed planting potato fertilizition control so that it is have more the value in industry.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of be conducive to giving full play to of fertilizition control technical role, be easier to realize the keeping quality of potato seed and the method for potato seed planting potato fertilizition control that productive synchronization improves.
The method of the potato seed planting potato fertilizition control of the present invention, including
Step 1: measure the nutrient in soil the measurement result according to nutrient, select the field of kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, and determine kind and the planting type of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi;
Including: when the measurement result in soil is organic 1～15g/kg, pH value 6.0～8.0, full nitrogen 0.3～2.2g/kg, available phosphorus 1～20mg/kg, available potassium 40～200mg/kg, the field then selecting described soil to be kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the kind of described Rhizoma Solani tuber osi includes: potato is opened in Favorita, early-spring herbs, Eugene, new No. 1 of middle potato No. 3, gram, same to potato, collection agriculture, the Atlantic Ocean, the summer slope base of a fruit, boolean class gram or Ji; Described planting type includes: unit cultivated area be not less than 500 mu, early spring sow single cropping results rotate crops with pulse family or gramineous crop plantation, seeding row spacing 90cm × 18cm, large-scale pointer-type water-saving spray, monitor-type balanced sprinkling irrigation feedwater, uprooting weed roguing ridging, use higher effective and lower toxic pesticide diseases prevention insect protected, gather in the crops first 15 days and stop water and excavate before clear seedling with shining;
Step 2: determine the respective total fertilization amount that each dvielement is fertile;
Step 3: determine before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method;
Step 4: determine base manure respectively, topdress and foliage fertilizer respective kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase.
Further, the above-mentioned respective total fertilization amount determining that each dvielement is fertile, including: according to nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer Application amount inquiry table in resistance to storage pattern potato planting set in advance, it is determined that nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application total amount; Medium trace element dose inquiry table according to resistance to storage pattern potato planting set in advance, it is determined that the fertile each total fertilization amount of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese and 6 kinds of elements of boron.
Further, above-mentioned determine before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method, including: apply fertilizer prioritization scheme ratio inquiry table according to whole element fertilizer entirety set in advance, it is determined that before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method.
Further, above-mentioned determine the kind of base manure, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase, comprise determining that Sa Kefu compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and three kinds of base manure kinds of carbamide merge and use; By the allocation proportion of the dose that step 4 is determined, it is determined that the amount of executing of base manure, it is determined that insert arable land fertilizing combine, it is manured into soil when ploughing, and when ploughing before determining sowing in spring, Tong Bu uses with ploughing simultaneously.
Further, above-mentioned determine the kind topdressed, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase, comprise determining that carbamide, calcium ammonium nitrate and three kinds of After fertilizers of potassium sulfate merge and use; By the allocation proportion of the dose that step 4 is determined, it is determined that the amount of executing topdressed, and by after the mixing of the carbamide calculated, calcium ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate, in the 15th～20 day after seed is broadcast, it is sprinkled in soil with fertilizer applicator.
By such scheme, the present invention at least has the advantage that
Be conducive to giving full play to of fertilizition control technical role, be easier to the purpose realizing the keeping quality of potato seed and productive synchronization raising.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solutions of the utility model, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention, and can be practiced according to the content of description, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing describe in detail as after.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for a kind of potato seed planting potato fertilizition control of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail. Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 1, a kind of method of potato seed planting potato fertilizition control, including:
Step 1: measure the nutrient in soil the measurement result according to nutrient, select the field of kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, and determine kind and the planting type of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi.
Concrete: 1. survey soil and select field: in local agricultural regionalization established potato seed suitable planting district; choose applicable giant sprinkler tool operation, within continuous 2 years, do not plant solanaceous crops, soil property is loose sandy loam or light loam, the well-drained plot of scale in flakes (area is not less than 500 mu), alternately field. Wherein the weather conditions in potato seed suitable planting district are: height above sea level 1900～2400m, year >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature 1600～2400 DEG C, the time of infertility precipitation 400～550mm, tuber expansion period temperature 15～18 DEG C, the hottest monthly mean temperature 16～18.8 DEG C. Alternative field carrying out soil and carries out comprehensive nutrient analysis mensuration, test index here includes: acid-base value, organic matter, full nitrogen, available phosphorus core available potassium. Soil testing method can be implemented according to " NYT395-2000 agricultural land soil environmental quality monitoring technical specification ", computer superposition is utilized to draw a position scattergram that fetches earth during soil sampling, every 100 mu are defined as a collecting unit, use GPS location, fetch earth according to the principle of " at random ", " equivalent " and " multiple spot mixing ", sampling depth is 0～20cm, each mixed soil sample 1kg.If test result needs to meet the following conditions to be confirmed as " keeping quality kind planting potato field ": organic 1～15g/kg, pH value 6.0～8.0, full nitrogen 0.3～2.2g/kg, available phosphorus 1～20mg/kg, available potassium 40～200mg/kg. Above-mentioned 5 indexs have accurate upper and lower limit numerical limit, and between bound, scope is narrower. This technology is specially adapted under the poor soil ground and Fully-mechanized operating condition of scale, applies fertilizition control integrated technology.
2. determine kind and the planting type of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi: include suitable in the Potato Cultivars of this method: Favorita, early-spring herbs, Eugene, new No. 1 of potato No. 3, gram, same to potato, collection agriculture, the Atlantic Ocean, the summer slope base of a fruit, boolean class gram and Ji open the north suitability kinds such as potato, selected potato seed should be and meets GB18133-2012 high-quality G2, the G3 required generation kind. planting type main points are: unit cultivated area is not less than 500 mu, sow single cropping results early spring, rotate crops with pulse family or gramineous crop and plant, seeding row spacing 90cm × 18cm, large-scale pointer-type water-saving spray, monitor-type equilibrium sprinkling irrigation feedwater, uprooting weed roguing is earthed up, use higher effective and lower toxic pesticide diseases prevention insect protected, gather in the crops first 15 days and stop watering, before excavating, clear seedling shines ground, tuber dry more than 32% and get the jump on freeze frost come before results, omnidistance big machinery equalization and the omnidistance fertilizition control integrated approach using the application.
Step 2: determine the fertile each total fertilization amount of a great number of elements.
Chosen keeping quality kind planting potato field, does not select farm manure among its material that applied fertilizer, all uses organic-inorganic compound particle fertile and chemical fertilizer. Wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer time, according to this method optimize formulate nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer Application amount inquiry table in the resistance to storage pattern potato planting of table 1 determine dose. First it is containing numerical quantity by the total soil nitrogen (N) of test acquirement, available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) in above-mentioned (1), respectively with table 1,2, corresponding soil N, P, K in 3 compares containing numerical quantity, judge that sample soil N, P, K content belongs in corresponding rich scarce class in table, namely select the i value (i=1,2,3,4) in Ni, Pi, Ki. After determining the class type of sample soil Ni, Pi, Ki, in conjunction with target output Yi (i=1,2,3,4,5), table 1,2,3 is found N, P, K amount of application corresponding respectively. The feature of this step is: the nitrogen established, phosphorus, potassium dose size, be specially adapted in lean soil and when do mechanization operation, it is achieved the potato seed cropping pattern of keeping quality and productive (2900～3300kg/ mu).
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer Application amount inquiry table in the resistance to storage pattern potato planting of table 1
Step 3: determine the fertile each total fertilization amount of medium trace element.
Medium trace element nutrient in general soil, in low yield target and non-rapid trophophase, can guarantee that the supply of potato growth, and medium trace element here includes calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese and boron 6 kinds. But at poor soil on the ground and under high-yield culturing state, medium trace element need can as effective fertilizition control means, particularly in fast growing period. Various medium trace element are applied to total amount, inquiry can obtain in " the medium trace element dose inquiry table of resistance to storage pattern potato planting " of table 2. According to yield target (5 class of Y:2500～3300kg/ mu), find out corresponding data from table 2, be the pure total fertilization amount of each element.By the determination to each total fertilization amount of medium trace element, eliminate the step of the intrinsic medium trace element of measuring and calculating soil, to the fertilizer application amount determining medium trace element, there is simplicity, practicality, easy-operating feature.
The medium trace element dose inquiry table of the resistance to storage pattern potato planting of table 2
Step 4: establish the fertilising of whole element fertilizer entirety.
In plantation, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, zinc, manganese and 9 kinds of whole elements of boron are fertile, before broadcasting, seedling stage, full-bloom stage each period the allocation proportion of dose determine, fertilizer application period is determined, fertilizing method is determined, " whole element fertilizer entirety fertilising prioritization scheme ratio inquiry table " according to table 3, determines the fertile respective fertilising prioritization scheme distribution ratio of whole element after inquiry.
The whole element of table 3 fertile respective fertilising prioritization scheme distribution ratio inquiry table
The total dose numerical value (T of each element fertilizer amount that will obtain from above-mentioned steps 2 and step 30) and the optimization percent value (x%) that obtains from above-mentioned steps 4, one_to_one corresponding is multiplied, obtain under three kinds of fertilization modes with fertile share Specific amounts (T1, T2, T3). Under three kinds of fertilization modes of computational methods such as table 4 shown in each personal fertile portion computer chart. The T of every kind of element in table0=T1+T2+T3。
Each personal fertile portion computer chart under 4 three kinds of fertilization modes of table
Note: in (1) table, dose unit is kg/ mu; (2) the base manure amount of any one seed manure in table, topdressing amount, foliage fertilizer amount three ratio all can have 10% variable scope up and down, during suitable in rational application of fertilizers, the variable requirement of multiple element need to be met simultaneously; (3) pure element content, except phosphorus is P2O5, potassium be K2Outside O, refer both to the pure content of this element.
Step 5: determine base manure kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase.
1. the kind of base manure selects: Sa Kefu (12-19-16) compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and three kinds of carbamide merge use. Wherein spreading can rich in nitrogen 12%, phosphorus 19%, potassium 16%; Calcium superphosphate is phosphorous 16%, calcium 12%, sulfur 9%; Carbamide nitrogenous 46%.
2. the amount of executing of base manure: the base manure amount of the executing (T of arbitrary element1) determined by the pure element amount of application determined in step 4, by calculating, pure element amount of application is converted into that chemical fertilizer Sa Kefu, calcium superphosphate is phosphorous and the consumption of carbamide. Pure element makes the conversion relation of consumption and chemical fertilizer amount be: the suitable 100/12=8.3kg of 1kg purity nitrogen spreads can rich (12-19-16) compound fertilizer; The pure P of 1kg2O5Being equivalent to that 100/19=5.26kg spreads can rich (12-19-16) compound fertilizer; The pure K of 1kg2O is equivalent to that 100/16/0.83=7.53kg spreads can rich (12-19-16) compound fertilizer; The pure P of 1kg2O5Also correspond to 100/16=6.25kgkg calcium superphosphate; 1kg bright sulfur is equivalent to 100/9=11.1kg calcium superphosphate; The pure calcium of 1kg is equivalent to 100/12=8.3kg calcium superphosphate.
3. the application process of base manure: Sa Kefu (12-19-16) compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and carbamide are mixed, insert arable land fertilizing combine, executes in soil when ploughing.
4. base manure use the phase: when ploughing before sowing in spring, Tong Bu use with ploughing simultaneously.
Step 6: determine After fertilizer, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase.
1. the kind topdressed selects: carbamide, calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate three kinds merge use. Wherein carbamide nitrogenous (46%); Calcium ammonium nitrate nitrogenous (15.5%), calcic (18.5%); Potassium sulfate is containing potassium (43%), sulfur-bearing (18.4%).
2. the amount of executing topdressed: the amount of executing topdressed is determined by the pure element amount of application determined in step 4, by calculating, is converted into chemical fertilizer potassium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, carbamide supply by pure element amount of application.Pure element consumption with the conversion method of chemical fertilizer consumption is: the suitable 100/46=2.2kg carbamide of 1kg purity nitrogen or suitable 100/15.5=6.45kg calcium ammonium nitrate; The pure calcium of 1kg is equivalent to 100/18.5=5.41kg calcium ammonium nitrate; The pure K of 1kg2O is equivalent to 100/52=192kg potassium sulfate; 1kg bright sulfur is equivalent to 100/18.4=5.43kg potassium sulfate.
That 3. topdresses excutes a law: after the carbamide calculated, calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate mixing, be sprinkled in soil with fertilizer applicator.
That 4. topdresses executes the phase: fertilizer imposed in the seeding stage, after broadcasting the 15th～20 day of time.
Step 7: determine foliage fertilizer kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase.
1. the kind of foliage fertilizer selects: 9 kinds of elements in above-mentioned steps 6, except phosphorus element, other 8 kinds are both needed to pass through foliage-spray. The kind providing the commercial fertilizer of 8 kinds of elements is as follows: the spray of carbamide, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitric acid calcium and magnesium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, Borax; 8 kinds of chemical fertilizers are combined using. Wherein carbamide contains nitrogen 46%; Potassium nitrate is nitrogenous 38%, potassium 14%; Calcium ammonium nitrate is nitrogenous 15%, calcium 18%; Nitric acid calcium and magnesium is nitrogenous 13%, calcium 12%, magnesium 3%; Magnesium sulfate is containing magnesium 21%, sulfur 28%; Manganese sulfate is containing manganese 31%, sulfur 18%; Zinc sulfate is containing zinc 35%, sulfur 18%; Borax boracic 17%.
2. the amount of executing of foliage fertilizer: the amount of executing that leaf is fertile is made consumption determine by the pure element determined in step 4. Each pure element is supplied by corresponding commercial fertilizer, and the conversion method of pure element consumption and chemical fertilizer consumption is shown in table 5 below.
Each pure element of table 5 selects with corresponding chemical fertilizer kind and conversion rule
3. the excuting a law of foliage fertilizer: by carbamide, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitric acid calcium and magnesium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, 8 kinds of fertilizer of Borax, it is mixed according to the dose calculated and sprays fertile solution, spray on potato leaf surface with pesticide spray machinery or sprinkling irrigation equipment, operation can be merged with sprinkling irrigation feedwater, insect protected spray medicine.
4. foliage fertilizer execute the phase: at initial bloom stage to full-bloom stage, point spray for 5 times, every minor tick 5～7 days.
Step 8: the test evaluation of potato seed results storage and keeping quality.
The seed potato of plantation results, according to " storage of GB/T29379-2012 virus-free seed potato, transportation technology code ", stores up storage in entrance controlled atmosphere store. When Second Year opens storehouse spring, extract sample and carry out keeping quality evaluation test. Method of testing uses " GB/T29377-2012 virus-free seed potato rank and inspection procedure ", and potato seed keeping quality catches an illness rate by tuber and band poison rate index reflects indirectly. The quality index that can reach after the application of this technology, has exceeded the requirement (table 6) of national standard.
The quality index that can reach after the application of table 6 this method and national standard contrast
According to said method, in a concrete application, process is as follows:
(1) survey soil selection of land, kind and planting type to determine
In the potato seed suitable planting region that somewhere agricultural regionalization specifies, investigate selected kind of 1000 mu of planting potato field, carried out soil testing. Test result meansigma methods is: organic 10.2g/kg, pH value 7.8, full nitrogen 0.7g/kg, available phosphorus 9mg/kg, available potassium 102mg/kg. What above-mentioned 5 indexs met this patent selects field condition, it is determined that these 1000 mu of plot are by for " keeping quality kind planting potato field ". Plantation potato seed variety adoption Favorita potato seed G2For original seed. Planting type is determined in true farming.
(2) determination of the fertile each total fertilization amount of a great number of elements
According to soil testing result (this is determined as: full nitrogen 0.7g/kg, available phosphorus 9mg/kg, available potassium 102mg/kg) numerical value, and yield target (Yi) requires that (this yield is set as: 2700kg/ mu, i.e. Y4Class), inquiry in " in resistance to storage pattern potato planting azophoska dose inquiry table " (table 1,2,3), it is determined that Y4 and N, P, K correspondence position in table is Y respectively4N4、Y4P3、Y4K3. It is 28.2kg/ mu that the various total requirement of N, P, K of this position display is respectively as follows: pure N requirement, and pure P2O5 requirement is 48.4kg/ mu, and pure K20 requirement is 20.5kg/ mu.
(3) medium trace element fertilizer is each applied to the determination of total amount
Requirement (i.e. 2700kg/ mu, Y according to yield target (Yi)4Class), in " medium trace element dose inquiry table (table 2) of resistance to storage pattern potato planting ", corresponding data is found out in inquiry. Dose is respectively: effective pure calcium 11.8kg/ mu, effective pure magnesium 5.0kg/ mu, effective bright sulfur 7.5kg/ mu, effective pure zinc 0.8kg/ mu, effective pure manganese 0.35kg/ mu, effective pure boron 0.6kg/ mu.
(4) establishment of the fertilizer applications that whole element fertilizer are overall
Ratio of checking out apportioning cost (x%) from " fertile respective fertilising prioritization scheme inquiry table (table 3) of whole elements "; (2), (3) will be inquired about total dose numerical value (T of each element again0) be multiplied one by one with corresponding percentages (x%), draw 27 fertilizer application amount numerical value (see following table), be optimization fertilizer applications.
Note: in (1) table, dose unit is kg/ mu; (2) the base manure amount of any one seed manure in table, topdressing amount, foliage fertilizer amount three ratio all can have 5% fluctuate, during suitable in rational application of fertilizers, the variable requirement of multiple element need to be met simultaneously; (3) pure element content, except phosphorus is P2O5, potassium be K2Outside O, refer both to the pure content of this element.
(5) base manure kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and the determination of fertilizer application period
1. the kind of base manure selects: Sa Kefu (12-19-16) compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, three kinds of carbamide merge use.
2. the amount of executing of base manure: it can be seen that base manure dose is from above-mentioned (4): purity nitrogen 16.9kg/ mu, phosphorus (P2O5) 48.4kg/ mu, potassium (K20) 12.3kg/ mu, calcium 5.9kg/ mu, sulfur 5.3kg/ mu. Pure element consumption is converted into the amount after chemical fertilizer: Sa Kefu (12-19-16) compound fertilizer 75kg/ mu, calcium superphosphate 50kg/ mu, carbamide 17kg/ mu.
3. the application process of base manure: by Sa Kefu, calcium superphosphate and the merging of three kinds of carbamide, insert arable land fertilizing combine, executes in soil when ploughing.
4. base manure use the phase: when ploughing before sowing in spring, Tong Bu use with ploughing simultaneously.
(6) dressing fertilizer kind, amount of application, application process and the phase of using are determined
1. the kind topdressed selects: potassium sulfate, calcium ammonium nitrate, three kinds of carbamide merge use.
2. the amount of executing topdressed: it can be seen that base manure dose is from above-mentioned (4): purity nitrogen 5.62kg/ mu, potassium (K20) 4.1kg/ mu, pure calcium 2.4kg/ mu, bright sulfur 2.3kg/ mu. Pure element consumption is converted into the amount after chemical fertilizer: carbamide 10kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 8kg/ mu, calcium ammonium nitrate 10kg/ mu.
That 3. topdresses excutes a law: after calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, carbamide mixing, be sprinkled in soil with fertilizer applicator.
That 4. topdresses executes the phase: fertilizer imposed in the seeding stage, after broadcasting the 15th～20 day of time.
(7) foliage fertilizer kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and the phase of executing is determined
1. the kind of foliage fertilizer selects: carbamide, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitric acid calcium and magnesium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, Borax 8 kinds.
2. the amount of executing of foliage fertilizer: it can be seen that the pure element consumption of foliage fertilizer from above-mentioned (4); Again pure element consumption is converted into above-mentioned 1. described in 8 kinds of commercial fertilizers (such as following table):
3. the excuting a law of foliage fertilizer: by carbamide, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitric acid calcium and magnesium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, 8 kinds of fertilizer of Borax, it is mixed according to the dose calculated and sprays fertile solution, spray on potato leaf surface with pesticide spray machinery or sprinkling irrigation equipment, operation can be merged with sprinkling irrigation feedwater, insect protected spray medicine.
4. foliage fertilizer execute the phase: at initial bloom stage to full-bloom stage, point spray for more than 5 times, every minor tick 5～7 days.
(8) test evaluation of the storage of potato seed results and keeping quality
The seed potato that autumn gathers in the crops, stores up storage in entrance controlled atmosphere store according to technical regulation. When Second Year opens storehouse spring, extract sample test, measurement result: wet rot disease 0.2%, soft rot 0.1%, dry rot 0.2%, shot hole 0.3%, tar spot 0.1%, total rotten potato disease potato rate 1.2%, the potato seed proportion of goods damageds are substantially less than the potato seed not applying the present invention.
In the method for the present invention, the condition that plantation field is selected is comparatively strict, it is desirable to organic 1～15g/kg, pH value 6.0～8.0, full nitrogen 0.3～2.2g/kg, available phosphorus 1～20mg/kg, available potassium 40～200mg/kg. Above-mentioned 5 indexs have accurate upper and lower limit numerical limit, and between bound, scope is narrower. Selecting field term restriction plantation field is soil larger, that be suitable for big machinery equalization, relatively barren not easily excessively microbiological contamination. This condition is conducive to giving full play to of fertilizition control technical role, is easier to the purpose realizing the keeping quality of potato seed and productive synchronization raising. And formulate 9 kinds of element fertilizer entirety fertilising prioritization schemes first. According to nutrient base and the potato seed growth nutrient conditions of demand of selected soil, establish the fertilising prioritization scheme that nitrogen in plantation, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, zinc, manganese and 9 kinds of element fertilizer of boron are overall. Achieve before broadcasting, seedling stage, the dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizing time and fertilization mode reasonable selection. This fertilising prioritization scheme is to be combined, by 27 dose proportional numerical values, the one-piece pattern (such as following table) constituted; And in the overall fertilizer applications of 9 kinds of elements, the fertile percentage ratio in total dose of leaf is higher, it also it is one of the feature of this pattern.
It addition, when selecting the kind of fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface, have employed the pattern that 8 kinds of Fertilizer Combination use, fertilizer includes carbamide, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, nitric acid calcium and magnesium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, Borax. Which ensure that and balance between balance and supply and demand between the nutrient in plantation, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, apply to the fertilizer practice of modern Sprinkler Irrigation. And adopt blade face medium trace element application process and fertilizing time, be different from general foliage dressing. It is in potato seed tuber expansion period, and continuous more than 5 times (every minor tick 5-7 days) sprays medium trace element fertilizer, it is ensured that the harmony of fertilising and high efficiency, reduces the waste of fertilizer; And spray fertilizer and merge enforcement with sprinkling irrigation feedwater, insect protected spray medicine, improve labor efficiency, reduce fertilising work and consume. This be adaptable to potato seed implantation in large scale, do mechanization operation, modern management novel to fertile pattern
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is not limited to the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also making some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a potato seed planting potato fertilizition control, it is characterised in that including:
Step 1: measure the nutrient in soil the measurement result according to nutrient, select the field of kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, and determine kind and the planting type of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi;
Including: when the measurement result in soil is organic 1～15g/kg, pH value 6.0～8.0, full nitrogen 0.3～2.2g/kg, available phosphorus 1～20mg/kg, available potassium 40～200mg/kg, the field then selecting described soil to be kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the kind of described Rhizoma Solani tuber osi includes: potato is opened in Favorita, early-spring herbs, Eugene, new No. 1 of middle potato No. 3, gram, same to potato, collection agriculture, the Atlantic Ocean, the summer slope base of a fruit, boolean class gram or Ji; Described planting type includes: unit cultivated area be not less than 500 mu, early spring sow single cropping results rotate crops with pulse family or gramineous crop plantation, seeding row spacing 90cm × 18cm, large-scale pointer-type water-saving spray, monitor-type balanced sprinkling irrigation feedwater, uprooting weed roguing ridging, use higher effective and lower toxic pesticide diseases prevention insect protected, gather in the crops first 15 days and stop water and excavate before clear seedling with shining;
Step 2: determine the respective total fertilization amount that each dvielement is fertile;
Including: according to nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium Fertilizer Application amount inquiry table in resistance to storage pattern potato planting set in advance, it is determined that nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application total amount;
Medium trace element dose inquiry table according to resistance to storage pattern potato planting set in advance, it is determined that the fertile each total fertilization amount of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, manganese and 6 kinds of elements of boron;
Step 3: determine before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method;
Including: apply fertilizer prioritization scheme ratio inquiry table according to whole element fertilizer entirety set in advance, it is determined that before broadcasting, seedling stage, the allocation proportion of dose in full-bloom stage each period, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method;
Step 4: determine base manure respectively, topdress and foliage fertilizer respective kind, Shi Liang, excute a law and execute the phase;
Comprise determining that Sa Kefu compound fertilizer, calcium superphosphate and three kinds of base manure kinds of carbamide merge to use;
By the allocation proportion of the dose that step 4 is determined, it is determined that the amount of executing of base manure, it is determined that insert arable land fertilizing combine, it is manured into soil when ploughing, and when ploughing before determining sowing in spring, Tong Bu uses with ploughing simultaneously;
Also comprise determining that carbamide, calcium ammonium nitrate and three kinds of After fertilizers of potassium sulfate merge to use;
By the allocation proportion of the dose that step 4 is determined, it is determined that the amount of executing topdressed, and by after the mixing of the carbamide calculated, calcium ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate, in the 15th～20 day after seed is broadcast, it is sprinkled in soil with fertilizer applicator.
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