CN106171220A - A kind of potato fertilization method - Google Patents
A kind of potato fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171220A CN106171220A CN201610520864.5A CN201610520864A CN106171220A CN 106171220 A CN106171220 A CN 106171220A CN 201610520864 A CN201610520864 A CN 201610520864A CN 106171220 A CN106171220 A CN 106171220A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of potato fertilization method.Present invention determine that different allocation proportions, fertilizer application period and the fertilizing method in each period of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, fertilizer utilization efficiency can be effectively improved so that per mu yield and commodity potato rate have been improved significantly, create significant economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of potato fertilization method.
Technical background
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is annual herb plant, because of its be of high nutritive value, adaptive faculty is strong, yield is big, be the whole world the third-largest heavy
The cereal crops wanted, the happiness of its property cools, and is suitable to northern area plantation.Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is vegetable and grain, is also Developing Animal
The good feedstuff of industry, the important source material that additionally Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is indispensable in being also food industry, pharmaceutical industry and light industry
One of, but owing to the reasons such as Potato Quality is poor, cultivation technique falls behind make China's Potato Industry the most still
So lacking competitiveness, quality and quality are the most relatively poor.Cultivation technique has become as the important bottle of restriction Rhizoma Solani tuber osi development at present
Neck.
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi underground potato block is formed and the loose damp soil environment ventilative, nice and cool of growth needs, and each period is to fertilizer
Material demand is also not quite similar, required according to both different growth phases different demand characteristics to nutrient, not in cultivation
Carrying out the rational application of fertilizer with growth stage, could obtain preferable economic benefit, this proposes strict requirements to fertilizer practice.As
Proportioning, fertilization mode, the technology of Dressing date links between fertilizer selection, kind are carried out the most integrated by what so that produce
Amount and quality also can reach target call, fertile consumption can be preferably minimized again degree, are that current Rhizoma Solani tuber osi production practice compels to be essential
Problem to be solved.
Patent CN103875409A disclose a kind of to new arrange to plough carry out Caulis et Folium Oryzae and change places the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi side of fostering and apply fertilizer in also field
Method, the fertilizer amount of every mu is carbamide 10～15kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50～60kg, potassium sulfate 40～50kg, the method consumptionization
Fertile more, easily cause soil compaction, and not according to the different growth stage of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, the fertilizer used made corresponding tune
Whole, it is impossible to meet the nutrient demand of different growth phases.The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, determine the difference in each period of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Allocation proportion, fertilizer application period and fertilizing method, use potato fertilization method of the present invention, fertilizer utilization can be effectively improved
Efficiency so that per mu yield and commodity potato rate are improved significantly, creates significant economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi soilless culture method, to solve yield during existing Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produces
Problem low, that commodity is poor, quality is general.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of potato fertilization method, comprises the following steps:
(1) basal dressing: according to the component of following weight portion meter: straw 40～45 parts, fallen leaves 30～40 parts, corn cob particle
10～15 parts, animal wastes 8～15 parts, fertilizer leaven 0.03～0.05 part；Proportionally mixing stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed, and stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed
It is 55%～60% that period adjusts water content, and temperature 50～55 DEG C once turn over throwing, are after reaching the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every 15 days
Humus；
Component according to following weight portion meter: humus 60～70 parts, plant ash 20～25 parts, carbamide 2～3 parts, sulphuric acid
Potassium 1～2 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1～2 parts, Paenibacillus polymyxa mycopowder 0.2～0.3 part, mix homogeneously configuration base manure, base manure
Applying during the most whole ground, every mu of dose is 120kg；
Described animal wastes are pig manure, cattle manure and chicken manure, and weight ratio is pig manure: cattle manure: chicken manure=5:8:4.
(2) topdress: according to the component of following mass ratio range: humus 30～40 parts, plant ash 20～30 parts, sawdust 10～
20 parts, flyash 5～8 parts, river sand 7～12 parts, zeolite 1～2 parts of mix homogeneously, impose after emerging, the time after broadcasting
30～35 days, every mu of dose was 30kg；
(3) foliage fertilizer is sprayed: according to every liter of nutritional solution contains calcium nitrate 784mg, potassium nitrate 672mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
325mg, magnesium sulfate 409mg, ferrous sulfate 12mg, copper sulfate 0.7mg, manganese sulfate 0.08mg, boric acid 0.01mg, zinc sulfate
0.02mg, sodium molybdate 0.01mg, paclobutrazol 80mg, chlorocholine chloride 20mg, Prohexadione calcium 20mg, forchlorfenuron 3mg, vitamin 10mg,
Antibacterial 200mg, and to adjust conductivity be 1.0ms/cm, acid-base value is 5.6, is foliage fertilizer, starts spray after sowing 70-75 days
Executing foliage fertilizer, Foliar Spraying amount is for making blade MEBO ribbon gauze at 30～60 minutes.
Described vitamin is vitamin C and vitamin E, and weight ratio is 4:3；
Described antibacterial is iprodione, carbendazim and Tebuconazole, and weight ratio is 2:3:1；
Beneficial effect:
Fertilizing method nutrient formula of the present invention is reasonable, it is possible to realize potato raw long-term nutrient demand curve and fertilizer nutrient
Release profiles the most identical so that per mu yield and commodity potato rate are improved significantly, and are only meeting above steps component
In the case of proportioning, per mu yield can be only achieved the highest, can produce significant economic benefit.
Fertilizing method of the present invention integrates fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, microorganism, supplies plant growing balancedly, constantly
The nutritional labelings such as required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, nutrient is comprehensive, it is achieved that fertilizer efficiency combination of long drives and drop shots, and nutrition supply is fast
Slow combine, it is ensured that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, in the different phase demand to Different Nutrients, is effectively increased utilization rate of fertilizer, and raw material is simple
Being easy to get, cost is relatively low；
Fertilizer leaven in step (1), rich in multiple beneficial microorganism, not only makes the Organic substance such as straw, feces be filled
Distribution ferment, can produce macrometabolic element in sweat, effectively preventing and treating Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is bacillary and fungoid soil-borne disease, to plant
There is obvious growth promotion, production-increasing function；
Bacillus polymyxa can secrete multiple extracellular antiseptic material, can suppress multiple pathogen activity, can reduce farming
Thing disease, improves and extends fertilizer efficiency, reduces the consumption of chemical fertilizer, promotion crop growth, improvement soil, recover ecology flat
Weighing apparatus, raising quality of agricultural product；
The base manure of present invention configuration uses many kinds of substance mixed fermentation, and fertilizer efficiency slowly discharges, and fertilizer amount reduces, utilization rate
Improve, reach cost-effective purpose, and it is longer to hold time, can effectively prevent seedling excessive growth, cultivate seedlings root out
Prosperity, stem stalk is sturdy, and stem and leaf is in great numbers, adaptable, and insect pest is few, produces for next step Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and lays a good foundation；
The combination of each component of the fertilizer that topdresses of the present invention makes fertilizer medium density, making topdresses be provided simultaneously with ridging merit
Effect, has ventilating permeable good, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide mineral fertilizer, and water conservation and the advantage of improvement physical behavior, after being possible to prevent growth
Phase potato tubers light leak variable color, plays insulation effect.Additionally, the density of its fertilizer ratio and other physical propertys can also be prevented
Only stolon ground of scurrying out is caused green potato and affects potato block and expand.
The nutrient substance that the fertilizer that topdresses of the present invention is required during both can having supplemented potato growth, simultaneously because density
Moderate, and can effectively oppress Rhizoma Solani tuber osi root and be beneficial to produce more knot potato root；
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is very strict to the demand of nutrient, there is stem and leaf part and underground potato block part on the ground in growth course
Dependency, the growth of stem and leaf part on the ground is the basis forming yield, if stem and leaf some growth is not enough on the ground, may result in ground
The potato block of lower part can not get abundance nutrition, and if the stem and leaf over growth of aerial parts, will be with the potato of under ground portion
Block contention nutrient.Spray foliage fertilizer and can significantly improve per mu yield and the commodity potato rate of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, especially when foliage fertilizer contains
During appropriate plant growth regulator, can accelerate to nourish and grow converts to reproductive growth, expands tuber, increases Subterranean fruits weight
Amount, controls prosperous length so that potato yield raises, and commodity potato rate rises, and quality improves；
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi also needs to more trace element, and when micronutrient levels deficiency in blade, yield declines, quality becomes
Change, the symptoms such as chlorisis yellow, withered top, growth retardation easily occur.With the seed soaking of the trace element solution such as B, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo or
Foliage-spray, can improve blade edge cellulose content, improves photosynthesis rate, thus beneficially tuber expands and the raising of yield.
In fertilizing method of the present invention, foliage fertilizer contains various trace elements, can effectively promote Potato Quality.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Selecting 9 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into three groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and first group is not applied fertilizer, and second group according to biography
System fertilizing method applies fertilizer, and the 3rd group is applied fertilizer according to fertilizing method of the present invention, measure per mu yield and the commodity of three groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis
Rate, result is as shown in table 1.The Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fertilizer application method of described traditional fertilization method reference patent CN103875409A, every mu
Fertilizer amount is carbamide 10～15kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50～60kg, potassium sulfate 40～50kg.
Table 1
Being analyzed per mu yield and commodity potato rate understanding, use fertilizing method of the present invention to apply fertilizer, yield and commodity potato are equal
Being significantly increased, the inventive method can produce significant economic benefit.
Embodiment 2
Selecting 9 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into three groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and first group is not applied fertilizer, and second group according to biography
System fertilizing method applies fertilizer, and the 3rd group is applied fertilizer according to fertilizing method of the present invention, measure the tuber index of quality of three groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis,
Including content of starch, soluble sugar content, Vc content, protein content, result is as shown in table 2.Described traditional fertilization method is joined
According to the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fertilizer application method of patent CN103875409A, the fertilizer amount of every mu be carbamide 10～15kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50～
60kg, potassium sulfate 40～50kg.
Table 2
From above-mentioned data analysis, the yield and quality of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is had a great impact by Different Fertilization mode.The present invention
Rational proportion in fertilization mode with apply opportunity so that Quality of Potato Tuber is greatly improved.
Embodiment 3
Selecting 9 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into three groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and first group is not applied fertilizer, and second group according to biography
System fertilizing method applies fertilizer, and the 3rd group is applied fertilizer according to fertilizing method of the present invention, measure the insect pest rate of three groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis, and result is such as
Shown in table 3.Described traditional fertilization method is with reference to the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi fertilizer application method of patent CN103875409A, and the fertilizer amount of every mu is
Carbamide 10～15kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50～60kg, potassium sulfate 40～50kg.
Table 3
From above-mentioned data analysis, fertilization mode provided by the present invention can significantly reduce Rhizoma Solani tuber osi insect pest rate.
Embodiment 4
Selecting 27 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into 9 groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis are all above-mentioned according to the present invention
Step is applied fertilizer, and its difference is the consumption of each component in step (1), measures the per mu yield of 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis, result such as table 4
Shown in.
Table 4
From above-mentioned data analysis, when humus 60～70 parts, plant ash 20～25 parts, carbamide 2～3 parts, potassium sulfate 1
～when 2 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1～2 parts, Paenibacillus polymyxa mycopowder 0.2～0.3 part, per mu yield is the highest, has reached best
Economic benefit.
Embodiment 5
Selecting 27 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into 9 groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis are all above-mentioned according to the present invention
Step is applied fertilizer, and its difference is the consumption of each component in step (2), measures the per mu yield of 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis, result such as table 5
Shown in.
Table 5
From above-mentioned data analysis, only when step (in 2) humus 30～40 parts, plant ash 20～30 parts, sawdust
10～20 parts, flyash 5～8 parts, river sand 7～12 parts, zeolite 1～when 2 parts, per mu yield just can be made the highest, reach best warp
Ji benefit.
Embodiment 6
Selecting 9 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into three groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and 3 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis are all above-mentioned according to the present invention
(1), the step of (2) apply fertilizer, its difference is: first group sprays deionized water, in second group of foliage fertilizer sprayed, blade face
Fertile according to every liter of nutritional solution contains calcium nitrate 784mg, potassium nitrate 672mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 325mg, magnesium sulfate 409mg, sulfur
The ferrous 12mg of acid, copper sulfate 0.7mg, manganese sulfate 0.08mg, boric acid 0.01mg, zinc sulfate 0.02mg, sodium molybdate 0.01mg, dimension are raw
Element 10mg, antibacterial 200mg configure, and to adjust conductivity be 1.0ms/cm, and acid-base value is 5.6, the 3rd group of leaf sprayed
Leaven configures according to the inventive method, measures per mu yield and the commodity rate of three groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis, and result is as shown in table 6.
Table 6
From above-mentioned data analysis, spray foliage fertilizer and can significantly improve per mu yield and the commodity potato rate of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, especially
It is when in foliage fertilizer containing appropriate plant growth regulator (i.e. paclobutrazol, chlorocholine chloride, Prohexadione calcium and forchlorfenuron), owing to planting
The growth inhibited effect of thing growth regulator, part inhibits the growth of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi aerial parts so that potato yield raises,
Commodity potato rate rises.
Embodiment 7
Selecting 27 communities of 10m × 10m, be divided into 9 groups, often group repeats for 3 times, and 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis are all above-mentioned according to the present invention
Step is applied fertilizer, and its difference is (i.e. paclobutrazol, chlorocholine chloride, Prohexadione calcium, the pyrrole effect of plant growth regulator in step (3)
Grand) consumption, measure the per mu yield of 9 groups of Rhizoma Solani tuber osis, result is as shown in table 7.
Table 7
From above-mentioned data analysis, when plant growth regulator consumption is paclobutrazol 80mg, chlorocholine chloride 20mg, adjusts naphthenic acid
When calcium 20mg, forchlorfenuron 3mg, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi per mu yield is the highest, has reached best economic benefit.
Claims (4)
1. a potato fertilization method, comprises the following steps:
(1) basal dressing: according to the component of following weight portion meter: straw 40～45 parts, 30～40 parts of fallen leaves, corn cob particle 10～
15 parts, animal wastes 8～15 parts, fertilizer leaven 0.03～0.05 part；Proportionally mixing stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed, and stacking becomes thoroughly decomposed period
Adjusting water content is 55%～60%, and temperature 50～55 DEG C once turn over throwing, are humic after reaching the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every 15 days
Matter；
Component according to following weight portion meter: humus 60～70 parts, plant ash 20～25 parts, carbamide 2～3 parts, potassium sulfate 1～
2 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1～2 parts, Paenibacillus polymyxa mycopowder 0.2～0.3 part, mix homogeneously configuration base manure, base manure is in plantation
Applying during front whole ground, every mu of dose is 120kg；
(2) topdress: according to the component of following mass ratio range: humus 30～40 parts, plant ash 20～30 parts, sawdust 10～20
Part, flyash 5～8 parts, river sand 7～12 parts, zeolite 1～2 parts of mix homogeneously, impose after emerging, the time after broadcasting the 30th
～35 days, every mu of dose is 30kg；
(3) foliage fertilizer is sprayed: according to every liter of nutritional solution contains calcium nitrate 784mg, potassium nitrate 672mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate
325mg, magnesium sulfate 409mg, ferrous sulfate 12mg, copper sulfate 0.7mg, manganese sulfate 0.08mg, boric acid 0.01mg, zinc sulfate
0.02mg, sodium molybdate 0.01mg, paclobutrazol 80mg, chlorocholine chloride 20mg, Prohexadione calcium 20mg, forchlorfenuron 3mg, vitamin 10mg,
Antibacterial 200mg, and to adjust conductivity be 1.0ms/cm, acid-base value is 5.6, is foliage fertilizer, starts spray after sowing 70-75 days
Executing foliage fertilizer, Foliar Spraying amount is for making blade MEBO ribbon gauze at 30～60 minutes.
Animal wastes the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described animal is respectively pig manure, cattle manure and chicken manure, weight
Amount ratio is for pig manure: cattle manure: chicken manure=5:8:4.
3. according to the vitamin described in claim 1-2, described vitamin is vitamin C and vitamin E, and weight ratio is 4:3.
4. according to the antibacterial described in claim 1-3, described antibacterial is iprodione, carbendazim and Tebuconazole, and weight ratio is
2:3:1。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107032885A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-11 | 安阳市小康农药有限责任公司 | A kind of Recompounded multielement plant growth regulator |
| CN109076910A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-25 | 云南宝成魔芋科技开发有限公司 | A kind of konjaku high yield cultivating method covering mulch |
| CN109232053A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-18 | 天津天丰泽田生物科技有限公司 | Water soluble fertilizer is used in a kind of prevention and treatment of potato scab |
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