CN105265291A - Special cultivation matrix for potatoes - Google Patents
Special cultivation matrix for potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265291A CN105265291A CN201510672344.1A CN201510672344A CN105265291A CN 105265291 A CN105265291 A CN 105265291A CN 201510672344 A CN201510672344 A CN 201510672344A CN 105265291 A CN105265291 A CN 105265291A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a special cultivation matrix for potatoes which is a cultivation matrix applied to a method for no-tillage potato planting through covering with straws. The special cultivation matrix is prepared from, by weight, 22 parts of humus soil, 6 parts of pine needle mulch, 7.5 parts of corn straw powder, 1.5 parts of compound fertilizer of which the PNK content is 7:7:9, 2 parts of quick lime, 1.5 parts of radix stemonae, 1.2 parts of polygonum cuspidatum, 0.3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 0.5 parts of schizonepeta, 0.2 parts of saposhnikovia divaricata, 0.5 parts of coptis chinensis, 1.6 parts of carthamus tinctorius, 2.5 parts of liquorice, 1.5 parts of tetrapanax papyriferus, and 1.2 parts of acorus calamus, wherein the pH value is 5.8. The special cultivation matrix for potatoes has the functions of sterilization and insect repelling, can well protect the seed potato buds and prevent the seed potato buds from being damaged by pests in the soil or infected by bacteria, has good air permeability and water retention performance, and can provide necessary nutrition elements for potato seedling germination. By laying a layer of the special cultivation matrix for potatoes in the bed, the problem that the part below the straw layer is easy to mildew after covering with straws can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato culture technical field, particularly relate to the cultivation matrix used in a kind of rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method and the method.
Background technology
Potato is also known as potato, potato, potato, potato etc.Potato tubers contains the protein of about 2%, and during potato is dry, protein content is 8% ~ 9%.The protein nutritive value of potato is very high, and its quality is equivalent to the protein of egg, and easily digestion, absorption, be better than the protein of other crops.And the protein of potato contains 18 seed amino acids, comprise the various essential amino acids that human body can not synthesize.The nutritive value of high evaluation potato is that the existence containing the lysine of high-grade protein and essential amino acid, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, phenyl alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine with its stem tuber is undivided.
Potato raw long period is short, strong adaptability, per unit area yield are high, stem tuber is nutritious, of many uses, be the fourth-largest cereal crops being only second to paddy and wheat, corn in the world.The traditional cultivation method of potato broadcasts front soil deeptillage, smooth again, applies base fertilizer simultaneously; Then ditched furrow, dig bunch planting kind potato, then earthing lid kind, growth and knot potato environment in order to improve potato in process of growth also will carry out 2 ~ 3 cultivation and bankings; Also soil to be opened when gathering, digging potato one by one.The shortcoming of this cultivation method is that potato ties potato in soil, the extruding of earth is subject to when stem tuber expands, be unfavorable for expanding of stem tuber, the resistance suffered when non-sandy loam is larger, general knot potato is smaller, and big-and-middle potato rate is low, and this implantation methods trivial operations, labour intensity is large, effort of taking a lot of work.The no-tillage cultivation method of potato potato, is the new cultivation method of potato, can greatly overcomes above-mentioned deficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation matrix used in a kind of rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method and the method, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A kind of rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) select zero-tillage rice field as potato planting ground, ditch into furrow;
(2) on furrow face, spreading a layer thickness is the potato plantation substrate of 2cm, then to cultivation matrix surface sprinkling nursery liquid to soaking into potato plantation substrate completely, mulching straw, can sow the potato after vernalization process after shelving 2 days;
(3) choose seed potato and potato seed is carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing, seed dressing and vernalization process;
(4) during sowing, potato seed eye side direction ground proximity lies on potato plantation substrate, well-rotted farmyard manure is discharged around potato seed on seed potato side, well-rotted farmyard manure distance seed potato 2cm, then covers the straw of 6cm thickness, covers evenly to limit;
(5) field management, after potato seedling all sprouts, waters with thin night soil or natural pond liquid and executes; Growing period suitably to topdress growth promoting effects or spray paclobutrazol control seedling according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Keep field moistening, attention control damage by disease and insect;
(6) gather in the crops in good time;
Described potato plantation substrate be by detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content be 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts, quicklime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts, by weight formulated, pH value is 5.8;
The preparation method of potato plantation substrate is: by weight preparing quick lime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts mixing, pulverize, and then be that 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts mixes with detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content;
In step (3), seed potato to be dressed seed and the step of vernalization process is:
Get the potato seed of not sprouting, to soak seed 20min with seed-soaking liquid, pick up after seed soaking and be filtered dry; Potato seed is placed on germination bed, by alternate with vernalization dielectric stratifying for potato seed placement, potato seed 3-4 layer, at temperature 18 DEG C and moisture state, vernalization 13 days;
Liquor potassic permanganate 15 parts, mass fraction that described seed-soaking liquid is 0.35% by mass fraction be 1.2% thiourea solution 2 parts, 0.8 part, urea, potassium sulfate 0.3 part, ash 2.5 parts, 25 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, root of phragmites communis 15 parts be prepared from;
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid is: mixed by 25 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae and root of phragmites communis 15 parts and add in 500 parts of clear water, after boiling 30min, filters water intaking extract, and is concentrated into 25 parts; Namely the Aqueous extracts obtained after concentrated and liquor potassic permanganate 15 parts, thiourea solution 2 parts, 0.8 part, urea, potassium sulfate 0.3 part, ash 2.5 parts of mixing and stirring are obtained seed-soaking liquid;
This seed-soaking liquid, for the treatment of potato ball, can promote potato ball fast-germination sprouting;
Described germination bed is rectangular foam case, described vernalization medium is river sand 6 parts, 3 parts, diatomite, 2 parts, sawdust, ash 1.5 parts, coal ash 0.3 part, pine soil 8 parts, cripple 4.5 parts by weight proportion mixture form, pH value is 5.5;
Nursery liquid is formulated in mass ratio by following component: 42 parts, urea, phosphoric acid diamines 66 parts, biphosphate K43 part, potassium sulfate 67 parts, 45 parts, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulphate 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, zinc sulphate, boric acid 2.1 parts, 0.15 part, copper sulphate, sodium molybdate 0.1 part, 100000 parts, water.
Described well-rotted farmyard manure piles retting by people and animals' fecaluria and agricultural crop straw to form; Add ferrous sulfate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 500 ~ 600 grams, ferrous sulfate, the ammonium carbonate in people and animals' fecaluria can be made to change into the more stable ammonium sulfate of character, thus effectively suppress the nitrogen loss in people and animals' fecaluria; Add superphosphate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 5 kilograms of superphosphate, the ammonium sulfate of highly volatile loss in people and animals' fecaluria can be made to change into the ammonium phosphate of stable in properties, protect nitrogen with phosphorus.
Another object of the present invention is:
A kind of potato plantation substrate is provided, it is characterized in that, it is the cultivation matrix used in rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method, by detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content be 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts, quicklime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts, by weight formulated, pH value is 5.8;
The preparation method of potato plantation substrate is: by weight preparing quick lime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts mixing, pulverize, and then be that 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts mixes with detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content.
Potato plantation substrate has the effect of sterilization expelling parasite, plays a very good protection to potato seed bud, avoids potato seed bud by pests destroy in soil or by courses of infection; There is good gas permeability and moisture capacity, can be the sprouting of potato seed seedling and necessary nutritive element is provided.Lay after one deck potato plantation substrate can solve mulching straw in furrow, the problem of easy mildew below straw layer.
Described rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method comprises the steps:
(1) select zero-tillage rice field as potato planting ground, ditch into furrow;
(2) on furrow face, spreading a layer thickness is the potato plantation substrate of 2cm, then to cultivation matrix surface sprinkling nursery liquid to soaking into potato plantation substrate completely, mulching straw, can sow the potato after vernalization process after shelving 2 days;
(3) choose seed potato and potato seed is carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing, seed dressing and vernalization process;
(4) during sowing, potato seed eye side direction ground proximity lies on potato plantation substrate, well-rotted farmyard manure is discharged around potato seed on seed potato side, well-rotted farmyard manure distance seed potato 2cm, then covers the straw of 6cm thickness, covers evenly to limit;
(5) field management, after potato seedling all sprouts, waters with thin night soil or natural pond liquid and executes; Growing period suitably to topdress growth promoting effects or spray paclobutrazol control seedling according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Keep field moistening, attention control damage by disease and insect;
(6) gather in the crops in good time.
Described well-rotted farmyard manure piles retting by people and animals' fecaluria and agricultural crop straw to form; Add ferrous sulfate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 500 ~ 600 grams, ferrous sulfate; Add superphosphate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 5 kilograms of superphosphate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention becomes traditional potato seed into putting potato, becoming and dig potato into picking potato, and potato block is not damaged, and color and luster is fresh and tender, and commodity is good.Substantially intertillage is not needed to loosen the soil, if there are weeds slightly manually to pull out after the present invention plants.This cultivation method bud ratio is high, and emerge neat, damage by disease and insect easily controls, and water saving joint is fertile.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further, but following embodiment being only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all.Based on the embodiment in embodiment, those skilled in the art under the prerequisite not making creative work obtain other embodiment, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of potato plantation substrate, be by detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content be 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts, quicklime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts, by weight formulated, pH value is 5.8;
The preparation method of potato plantation substrate is: by weight preparing quick lime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts mixing, pulverize, and then be that 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts mixes with detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content;
Rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(6) select zero-tillage rice field as potato planting ground, ditch into furrow;
(7) on furrow face, spreading a layer thickness is the potato plantation substrate of 2cm, then to cultivation matrix surface sprinkling nursery liquid to soaking into potato plantation substrate completely, mulching straw, can sow the potato after vernalization process after shelving 2 days;
(8) choose seed potato and potato seed is carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing, seed dressing and vernalization process;
(9) during sowing, potato seed eye side direction ground proximity lies on potato plantation substrate, well-rotted farmyard manure is discharged around potato seed on seed potato side, well-rotted farmyard manure distance seed potato 2cm, then covers the straw of 6cm thickness, covers evenly to limit;
(10) field management, after potato seedling all sprouts, waters with thin night soil or natural pond liquid and executes; Growing period suitably to topdress growth promoting effects or spray paclobutrazol control seedling according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Keep field moistening, attention control damage by disease and insect;
(6) gather in the crops in good time
In step (3), seed potato to be dressed seed and the step of vernalization process is:
Get the potato seed of not sprouting, to soak seed 20min with seed-soaking liquid, pick up after seed soaking and be filtered dry; Potato seed is placed on germination bed, by alternate with vernalization dielectric stratifying for potato seed placement, potato seed 3-4 layer, at temperature 18 DEG C and moisture state, vernalization 13 days;
Liquor potassic permanganate 15 parts, mass fraction that described seed-soaking liquid is 0.35% by mass fraction be 1.2% thiourea solution 2 parts, 0.8 part, urea, potassium sulfate 0.3 part, ash 2.5 parts, 25 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, root of phragmites communis 15 parts be prepared from;
The preparation method of seed-soaking liquid is: mixed by 25 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae and root of phragmites communis 15 parts and add in 500 parts of clear water, after boiling 30min, filters water intaking extract, and is concentrated into 25 parts; Namely the Aqueous extracts obtained after concentrated and liquor potassic permanganate 15 parts, thiourea solution 2 parts, 0.8 part, urea, potassium sulfate 0.3 part, ash 2.5 parts of mixing and stirring are obtained seed-soaking liquid;
Described germination bed is rectangular foam case, described vernalization medium is river sand 6 parts, 3 parts, diatomite, 2 parts, sawdust, ash 1.5 parts, coal ash 0.3 part, pine soil 8 parts, cripple 4.5 parts by weight proportion mixture form, pH value is 5.5;
Nursery liquid is formulated in mass ratio by following component: 42 parts, urea, phosphoric acid diamines 66 parts, biphosphate K43 part, potassium sulfate 67 parts, 45 parts, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulphate 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, zinc sulphate, boric acid 2.1 parts, 0.15 part, copper sulphate, sodium molybdate 0.1 part, 100000 parts, water.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification is only preference of the present invention; be not used for limiting the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. a potato plantation substrate, it is characterized in that, it is the cultivation matrix used in rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method, by detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content be 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts, quicklime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts, by weight formulated, pH value is 5.8;
The preparation method of potato plantation substrate is: by weight preparing quick lime 2, the tuber of stemona 1.5 parts, giant knotweed 1.2 parts, Ligusticum wallichii 0.3 part, schizonepeta 0.5 part, windproof 0.2 part, the coptis 0.5 part, 1.6 parts, safflower, 2.5 parts, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the stem pith of the rice-paper plant 1.5 parts, calamus 1.2 parts mixing, pulverize, and then be that 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizer 1.5 parts mixes with detritus soil 22 parts, pine soil 6 parts, 7.5 parts, corn stalk powder, PNK content.
2. potato plantation substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivation method comprises the steps:
(1) select zero-tillage rice field as potato planting ground, ditch into furrow;
(2) on furrow face, spreading a layer thickness is the potato plantation substrate of 2cm, then to cultivation matrix surface sprinkling nursery liquid to soaking into potato plantation substrate completely, mulching straw, can sow the potato after vernalization process after shelving 2 days;
(3) choose seed potato and potato seed is carried out disinfection, stripping and slicing, seed dressing and vernalization process;
(4) during sowing, potato seed eye side direction ground proximity lies on potato plantation substrate, well-rotted farmyard manure is discharged around potato seed on seed potato side, well-rotted farmyard manure distance seed potato 2cm, then covers the straw of 6cm thickness, covers evenly to limit;
(5) field management, after potato seedling all sprouts, waters with thin night soil or natural pond liquid and executes; Growing period suitably to topdress growth promoting effects or spray paclobutrazol control seedling according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings; Keep field moistening, attention control damage by disease and insect;
(6) gather in the crops in good time.
3. potato plantation substrate according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described well-rotted farmyard manure piles retting by people and animals' fecaluria and agricultural crop straw to form; Add ferrous sulfate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 500 ~ 600 grams, ferrous sulfate; Add superphosphate in people and animals' fecaluria, in every 100 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, add 5 kilograms of superphosphate.
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| CN201510672344.1A CN105265291A (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2015-10-13 | Special cultivation matrix for potatoes |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106105857A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 广德县富丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi plantation substrate |
| CN106171220A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 内蒙古格瑞得马铃薯种业有限公司 | A kind of potato fertilization method |
| CN106613844A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市技术开发中心 | Nutrient solution special for aeroponic potato culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN106718294A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 朱以强 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium |
| CN109197449A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of Organic Farming Rice Fields with position crop rotation green manure and winter-planting potato |
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| CN101946627A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-19 | 中国水稻研究所 | Paddy field tillage-free planting device for covering sliced potatoes with straws |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106105857A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 广德县富丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi plantation substrate |
| CN106171220A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 内蒙古格瑞得马铃薯种业有限公司 | A kind of potato fertilization method |
| CN106613844A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市技术开发中心 | Nutrient solution special for aeroponic potato culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN106718294A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-31 | 朱以强 | A kind of Vegetable culture medium |
| CN109197449A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-15 | 湖北双竹生态食品开发股份有限公司 | A kind of efficient implantation methods of Organic Farming Rice Fields with position crop rotation green manure and winter-planting potato |
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Application publication date: 20160127 |