CN111316803A - Crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method - Google Patents
Crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111316803A CN111316803A CN202010137925.6A CN202010137925A CN111316803A CN 111316803 A CN111316803 A CN 111316803A CN 202010137925 A CN202010137925 A CN 202010137925A CN 111316803 A CN111316803 A CN 111316803A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a crop micro-spray fertilization cultivation method, which comprises the steps of collecting soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters of a target area, and arranging a monitoring sensor in the target area; determining the target yield of crops and the content of available nutrients in soil in a target area according to the yield of the past year; inputting the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters collected in S1 and S2 into a SWAT model for simulation calculation, and calculating the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of crop planting; and calculating the nitrogen fertilizer dosage of the target area according to the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the data monitored by the monitoring sensor, applying a crop model by the micro-spraying belt spraying method, considering soil and meteorological conditions, scientifically and reasonably applying fertilizer, determining target yield, determining the fertilizing condition according to the meteorological conditions, determining the optimal topdressing period of the base fertilizer, and matching with the micro-spraying belt slow-control fertilizer release, thereby releasing the nutrients according to the absorption rule of the crops to the nutrients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
In the prior art, crops are various plants cultivated in agriculture. Including grain crops and economic crops (oil crops, vegetable crops, flowers, grasses and trees). The food is taken by people as days, the relationship between people and food is expressed, and the reasonable meal collocation can bring health to people. The growth of crops can not leave the scientific and technological production technology.
In order to obtain high yield and benefit, farmers apply chemical fertilizers in large quantities, blind excessive and unbalanced fertilization are almost common phenomena, especially in economically developed areas, and blind fertilization does not improve yield and the yield level is wandering.
Therefore, how to scientifically and reasonably distribute the biological agents according to different growth periods of crops by using a model simulation technology is a practical problem which is expected to be solved in the field at present, and a reasonable fertilization mode is urgently needed to be provided according to model-based estimation and by considering soil and meteorological conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method to solve the problem that the crop yield level is not long in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters of a target area, and arranging a monitoring sensor in the target area;
s2: determining the target yield of crops and the content of available nutrients in soil in a target area according to the yield of the past year;
s3: inputting the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters collected in S1 and S2 into a SWAT model for simulation calculation, and calculating the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of crop planting; calculating the dosage of the biological agent in the target area according to the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the data monitored by the monitoring sensor;
s4: other monitoring sensors detect the temperature and the light intensity, and the monitored data is combined with the nitrogen agronomic efficiency to calculate the scientific micro-spraying time;
s5: determining the amount and the type of the water-soluble fertilizer in the target area according to the amount of the biological agent;
s6: pumping the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer into a micro-spraying belt arranged in the field through a water pump, and spraying the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer through the micro-spraying belt;
s7: the wetting degree of the soil is monitored through a water content sensor buried in the soil, and the micro-spraying belt is closed after the wetting degree reaches the standard.
Further, the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters in S1 include soil saturated water content, available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen, withered water content, organic carbon, and pH value at different soil levels; the meteorological parameters comprise day-to-day rainfall, the highest air temperature, the lowest air temperature and solar radiation data of a plurality of years, and the monitoring sensors comprise a water content sensor, a temperature sensor and a light sensor.
Further, said S2 determining the target yield of the crop by collecting the yields of the land in the area for 4 consecutive years, the target yield of the crop with 4% increase in average yield for four years for the present year, XTarget＝[(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4]× 1.04.04, wherein XTargetA target yield for the land in the area; the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil is the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in 0-20cm soil in the land of the area in any year of four years.
Further, the water-soluble fertilizer in S5 includes trace elements and a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the spraying process of the micro-spraying belt in the S6, the micro-spraying belt is firstly opened for 3-5 minutes, and irrigation is started after the land is wetted.
Furthermore, the interval between the micro-spraying belts laid in the area is 1.8-2.3m, the length of the micro-spraying belts is 60-75m, and the micro-spraying belts adopt oblique 5-hole micro-spraying belts with the diameter of 35 mm.
Furthermore, two adjacent water content sensors are arranged at intervals of 20-30m, and the temperature sensors and the light sensors are arranged at four corners of the target area.
Furthermore, the water content sensor comprises a middle-layer soil water content sensor and a bottom-layer soil water content sensor, the depth of the middle-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 30-45mm, and the depth of the bottom-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 50-73 mm.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is A × (yield × INS)2+ B × (yield × INS) + C (1), wherein INS refers to a nitrogen fertilizer reaction index, the numerical value of which is determined according to the soil fertility condition, the unit of the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is kg/kg, A is a quadratic coefficient, B is a primary coefficient, C is a constant term, and the numerical value of A, B, C is determined by fitting a two-term curve of previous test data of crops.
Further, the biological agent is prepared by mixing potato extract and glucose according to the proportion of 1:1, adding agar after mixing, and adding into a micro-spraying belt.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method, a crop model is applied, soil and meteorological conditions are considered, fertilization is carried out scientifically and reasonably, target yield is determined, fertilization conditions are determined according to the meteorological conditions, the optimal topdressing period of base fertilizer is determined, and micro-spraying slow-controlled fertilizer release is matched, so that nutrients are released according to the nutrient absorption rule of crops, the crop high yield is ensured, the nutrient leaching risk can be reduced, greenhouse gas emission is reduced, the soil quality is improved, and the microbial activity is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters of a target area, and arranging a monitoring sensor in the target area;
s2: determining the target yield of crops and the content of available nutrients in soil in a target area according to the yield of the past year;
s3: inputting the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters collected in S1 and S2 into a SWAT model for simulation calculation, and calculating the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of crop planting; calculating the dosage of the biological agent in the target area according to the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the data monitored by the monitoring sensor;
s4: other monitoring sensors detect the temperature and the light intensity, and the monitored data is combined with the nitrogen agronomic efficiency to calculate the scientific micro-spraying time;
s5: determining the amount and the type of the water-soluble fertilizer in the target area according to the amount of the biological agent;
s6: pumping the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer into a micro-spraying belt arranged in the field through a water pump, and spraying the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer through the micro-spraying belt;
s7: the wetting degree of the soil is monitored through a water content sensor buried in the soil, and the micro-spraying belt is closed after the wetting degree reaches the standard.
The soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters in the S1 comprise soil saturated water content, quick-acting phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen, withered water content, organic carbon and pH value of different soil levels; the meteorological parameters comprise day-to-day rainfall, highest air temperature, lowest air temperature and solar radiation data of a plurality of years, the monitoring sensor comprises a water content sensor, a temperature sensor and a light sensor, wherein the water content sensor, the temperature sensor and the light sensor adopt a plurality of sensors for detection, and the water content sensor, the temperature sensor and the light sensor purchase products of the same model.
S2 determining target crop yield by collecting the yield of land in the area for 4 consecutive years, the target crop yield for the year being 4% of the average yield per year, XTarget＝[(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4]× 1.04.04, wherein XTargetA target yield for the land in the area; in the selection process, the yield amplitude fluctuation of continuous four years is not too large, the amplitude between the highest annual yield and the lowest annual yield in the four years is not more than 18%, and the content of the quick-acting nutrients in the topsoil is the content of 0-20cm of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil in the area in any one year of the last four years.
The water-soluble fertilizer in the S5 comprises trace elements and a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid is potassium pentanitrate fulvate, the potassium pentanitrate fulvate is produced by a concentration manufacturing process, the water-soluble fertilizer is rich in amino acid, trace elements and various natural plant growth regulating components required by crops, has good adhesiveness and high absorption rate, and can improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the crops and promote the development of root systems after being used.
In the S6 process, the micro-spraying belt is firstly opened for 3-5 minutes, and irrigation is then started after the land is wet.
The interval between the micro-spraying belts laid in the area is 1.8-2.3m, the length of the micro-spraying belt is 60-75m, and the micro-spraying belt adopts an inclined 5-hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 35 mm.
Two adjacent water content sensors are arranged at intervals of 20-30m, and the temperature sensors and the light sensors are arranged at four corners of the target area.
The water content sensor comprises a middle-layer soil water content sensor and a bottom-layer soil water content sensor, wherein the depth of the middle-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 30-45mm, and the depth of the bottom-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 50-73 mm.
The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is A × (yield × INS)2+ B × (yield × INS) + C (1), wherein INS refers to a nitrogen fertilizer reaction index, the numerical value of INS is determined according to the soil fertility condition, the unit of the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is kg/kg, A is a secondary coefficient, B is a primary coefficient, C is a constant term, and the numerical value of A, B, C is determined by fitting a two-term curve of past test data of crops.
The biological agent is prepared by mixing potato extract and glucose at a ratio of 1:1, adding agar after mixing, and adding into a micro-spray belt.
Example 1: firstly, collecting soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters of a target area, and arranging a monitoring sensor in the target area; determining the target yield of crops and the content of available nutrients in soil in a target area according to the yield of the past year; inputting the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters collected in S1 and S2 into a SWAT model for simulation calculation, and calculating the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of crop planting; calculating the dosage of the biological agent in the target area according to the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the data monitored by the monitoring sensor; other monitoring sensors detect the temperature and the light intensity, and the monitored data is combined with the nitrogen agronomic efficiency to calculate the scientific micro-spraying time; determining the amount and the type of the water-soluble fertilizer in the target area according to the amount of the biological agent; pumping the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer into a micro-spraying belt arranged in the field through a water pump, and spraying the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer through the micro-spraying belt; the wetting degree of the soil is monitored through a water content sensor buried in the soil, and the micro-spraying belt is closed after the wetting degree reaches the standard.
The soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters comprise the saturated water content, quick-acting phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen, withered water content, organic carbon and pH value of soil of different soil levels; the meteorological parameters comprise day-to-day rainfall, highest air temperature, lowest air temperature and solar radiation data of recent years, and the monitoring sensors comprise a water content sensor, a temperature sensor and a light sensor.
Determining target crop yield by collecting the yield of land in the area for 4 consecutive years, the target crop yield in the year being 4% of the average yield in four years, XTarget＝[(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4]× 1.04.04, wherein XTargetA target yield for the land in the area; the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil is the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in 0-20cm soil in the land of the area in any year of four years. In the process of fertilization, the water-soluble fertilizer adopts trace elements and a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, and the trace elements and the humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, wherein the trace element is one or a combination of more of zinc, iron, phosphorus or selenium.
In the micro-spraying process, the micro-spraying belt is firstly opened for 3-5 minutes in the spraying process, and irrigation is then started after the land is wetted. The interval between the micro-spraying belts laid in the area is 1.8-2.3m, the length of the micro-spraying belt is 60-75m, and the micro-spraying belt adopts an inclined 5-hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 35 mm. The water content sensors are arranged at intervals of 20-30m, the temperature sensors and the light sensors are arranged at four corners of a target area, each water content sensor comprises a middle-layer soil water content sensor and a bottom-layer soil water content sensor, the depth of the middle-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 30-45mm, the depth of the bottom-layer soil water content sensor from the ground surface is 50-73mm, the micro-spraying belts are used for solving the covering degree of water, the impact force of water on soil is reduced due to the micro-holes, the distribution density of the inclined holes is mainly uniform in water distribution, and the effective control of water quantity during field irrigation is realized.
Dividing a target area into 8 areas with the same area and marking, randomly selecting areas with the marks of 1, 3, 5 and 7 as conventional planting areas, planting in a conventional mode, and arranging micro-spraying belts in the areas with the marks of 2, 4, 6 and 8 to perform irrigation and fertilization test data as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The test data shows that: the unit yield per mu is improved by adopting micro-sprinkling irrigation for irrigation and fertilization, compared with the traditional irrigation and fertilization mode, the yield is improved by 19.6%, 8 cubic meters can reduce water consumption per mu after the method is adopted, the requirements of crops in different growth periods are met to the maximum extent, the water-saving effect is obvious, the problem of large-water-flushing seedling flushing is solved, the automation degree is greatly improved, the labor intensity during irrigation is saved, irrigation can be carried out at any time, the problems that the water consumption is large, the irrigation water quantity cannot be controlled and the irrigation period is long in the traditional flood irrigation mode are solved, in addition, the phenomenon that the traditional irrigation mode flushes the seedling is serious, fertilization and irrigation are carried out synchronously, and the method has strong popularization and application values.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. The claims should not be construed to limit the claims concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters of a target area, and arranging a monitoring sensor in the target area;
s2: determining the target yield of crops and the content of available nutrients in soil in a target area according to the yield of the past year;
s3: inputting the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters collected in S1 and S2 into a SWAT model for simulation calculation, and calculating the nitrogen agronomic efficiency of crop planting; calculating the dosage of the biological agent in the target area according to the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and the data monitored by the monitoring sensor;
s4: other monitoring sensors detect the temperature and the light intensity, and the monitored data is combined with the nitrogen agronomic efficiency to calculate the scientific micro-spraying time;
s5: determining the amount and the type of the water-soluble fertilizer in the target area according to the amount of the biological agent;
s6: pumping the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer into a micro-spraying belt arranged in the field through a water pump, and spraying the water solution of the mixed water-soluble fertilizer through the micro-spraying belt;
s7: the wetting degree of the soil is monitored through a water content sensor buried in the soil, and the micro-spraying belt is closed after the wetting degree reaches the standard.
2. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil nutrient data and meteorological parameters in the S1 comprise soil saturated water content, quick-acting phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen ammonium nitrogen, withered water content, organic carbon and pH value of different soil levels; the meteorological parameters comprise day-to-day rainfall, the highest air temperature, the lowest air temperature and solar radiation data of a plurality of years, and the monitoring sensors comprise a water content sensor, a temperature sensor and a light sensor.
3. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said S2 determining the target yield of the crop by collecting the yield of the land in the area for 4 consecutive years, the target yield of the crop in the current year being increased by 4% with the average yield of four years, XTarget＝[(X1+X2+X3+X4)/4]× 1.04.04, wherein XTargetA target yield for the land in the area; the content of the available nutrients in the plough layer soil is the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in 0-20cm soil in the land of the area in any year of four years.
4. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble fertilizer in S5 comprises trace elements and a humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer.
5. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the spraying process of the micro-spraying belt in the S6, the micro-spraying belt is firstly started for 3-5 minutes, and the irrigation is started after the land is wetted.
6. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the interval between the micro-spraying belts laid in the area is 1.8-2.3m, the length of the micro-spraying belt is 60-75m, and the micro-spraying belt adopts an inclined 5-hole micro-spraying belt with the diameter of 35 mm.
7. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: two adjacent water content sensors are arranged at intervals of 20-30m, and the temperature sensors and the light sensors are arranged at four corners of the target area.
8. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water content sensor comprises a middle-layer soil water content sensor and a bottom-layer soil water content sensor, the depth of the middle-layer soil water content sensor from the earth surface is 30-45mm, and the depth of the bottom-layer soil water content sensor from the earth surface is 50-73 mm.
9. The crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is A × (yield × INS)2+ B × (yield × INS) + C (1), wherein INS is nitrogen fertilizer reaction index, the value of INS is determined according to soil fertility status, the unit of nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency is kg/kg, A is a quadratic coefficient, B is a primary coefficient, C is a constant term, and the value of A, B, C is determined by fitting a two-term curve of past test data of crops.
10. The micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method for crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the biological agent is prepared by mixing potato extract and glucose according to the proportion of 1:1, adding agar after mixing, and adding into a micro-spray belt.
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| CN202010137925.6A CN111316803A (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Crop micro-spraying fertilization cultivation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117252350A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | Agriculture and forestry fertilization monitoring system and application method |
| CN118000049A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-10 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving anthocyanin content of wine grape by micro-spraying mist |
-
2020
- 2020-03-03 CN CN202010137925.6A patent/CN111316803A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117252350A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | Agriculture and forestry fertilization monitoring system and application method |
| CN117252350B (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-02-23 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | Agriculture and forestry fertilization monitoring system and application method |
| CN118000049A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-10 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving anthocyanin content of wine grape by micro-spraying mist |
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