CN108886902A - Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden - Google Patents
Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN108886902A CN108886902A CN201810652847.6A CN201810652847A CN108886902A CN 108886902 A CN108886902 A CN 108886902A CN 201810652847 A CN201810652847 A CN 201810652847A CN 108886902 A CN108886902 A CN 108886902A
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- radish
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- mountainous region
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The present invention relates to agriculture field, discloses a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden and consolidate indigenous method, including：1）By fruit tree line-spacing 2.0-3.5m ditching, ridging；2）In early October, the mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting of Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum is carried out；The application rate of Radish is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 30-60kg/ha of Vicia sativa, the application rate of paspalum notatum is 10-20kg/ha；3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2000-3500 kg/ha；4）4 first arrival mid-June of next year, to all carrying out covering cultivation after Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum harvest.The present invention is suitable for the newly-ploughed orchard of southern mountain, can effectively reduce soil soil erosion, increases soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, is conducive to improve soil physical and chemical property, promotes fruit tree fast-growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture fields more particularly to a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden to consolidate indigenous method.
Background technique
Soil erosion is important one of the environmental problem in China or even the whole world, and soil erosion causes under fertility
Drop, bloods and droughts aggravation, the deterioration of the ecological environment, and then influence the sustainable development in region.With the development of the social economy, big
It measures newly-ploughed soil to be exploited, artificially causes new soil erosion than more serious.Therefore, how prevention soil and water loss has become
Current agricultural environmental protection work significant problem urgently to be resolved.
South China hillside orchard is mostly hills plantation, and raising fruit trees is common Land-Use, and newly-ploughed orchard
Soil bareness, vegetation is less, and rainfall, which generates runoff, easily leads to being largely lost for hillside soil silt and nutrient.Again due to not
Reasonable agricultural cultivating mode causes the nutrients such as severe water and soil erosion and nitrogen phosphorus to be largely lost, so that soil fertility decline and water
Body deteriorates.This not only causes adverse effect to local ecological environment, also seriously constrains mentioning for local production and living standard
It is high.It was found that green manure can improve soil physical and chemical property, promote plant growth, increase soil microbe quantity and diversity, improves
Ecological environment of soil.The country such as the U.S., Japan, South Korea all greatly develops green manure industry, carries out fertilizing of increasing soil fertility.Utilize green manure crop
Newborn orchard soil is covered, bare land area is effectively reduced, soil erosion can be greatly reduced, improve the ecological environment, but
It is that there is presently no a kind of scientific methods prevented and treated for south China orchard water and soil and nitrogen and phosphorus loss.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of water conservations for mountainous region peach garden to consolidate indigenous method.This hair
It is bright to be suitable for the newly-ploughed peach garden of southern mountain, soil soil erosion can be effectively reduced, increases soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, is conducive to change
Kind soil physical and chemical property, promotes fruit tree fast-growth.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is：Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden, includes the following steps：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 2.0-3.5m ditching, ridging.
2）In early October, the mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting of Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum is carried out；Radish is broadcast
Kind amount is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 30-60kg/ha of Vicia sativa, the application rate of paspalum notatum is 10-20kg/ha.
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2000-3500 kg/ha.
4）April next year first arrival mid-June, to all carrying out covering cultivation after Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum harvest.
The principle of technical solution of the present invention is：Southern mountain orchard is mostly hills plantation, and newly-ploughed orchard soil is exposed, plants
Less, rainfall, which generates runoff, easily leads to being largely lost for soil silt and nutrient.For this purpose, team of the present invention is being goed deep into
When research and after a large number of experiments, chances on and carry out paspalum notatum, Radish, Vicia sativa these three specific green manure crops
After miscegenation, collaboration facilitation can be played, for increasing newly-ploughed peach garden ground mulching degree, soil water evaporation is reduced, improves
Soil fertility, soil erosion and nutrient loss etc. caused by rainwater kinetic energy are especially effective when reducing rainfall.Above-mentioned spy of the invention
Fixed three kinds of crops can mutually cooperate with, indispensable, by comparison, when effect when miscegenation will be far superior to single cropping,
And if other similar plants replacements are also difficult to obtain the technical effect of same level of the present invention to wherein a certain progress.Its skill
Art effect will the significantly larger than original expection of team of the present invention.For the technical effect of each plant, perhaps art technology
Personnel after study after really it can be anticipated that, but to filter out from boundless and indistinct floristics above-mentioned specific several can generate spy
The combination of different synergy, by no means easy, this is difficult to expect to those skilled in the art.
In addition, team of the present invention also found afterwards after study because Radish, Vicia sativa have very strong biological nitrogen fixation function,
Later period harvest covering orchard returning to the field can effectively increase soil nutrient and reach soil fertility level promotion.Radish and Vicia sativa
It is collocated with each other plantation, the plant height of crucifer can be made full use of to be formed by overground part space, promotes mutually growth.And hundred
The careless biomass of happiness is big, and vegetation coverage is preferable, and the soil erosion of soil can be effectively reduced.Paspalum notatum, Radish, Vicia sativa three
The mutual mixed seeding plantation of person, the effect of capable of mutually promoting, effectively play fixed nitrogen and reduce soil erosion.At the method for the present invention
Soil after reason is particularly suitable for plantation peach.
Step 3）In, after planting on the one hand mulching straw, effect are that can be reduced the moisture evaporation of soil surface to green manure, are had
Help the germinating growth of green manure seed, and can reduce simultaneously early period vegetation coverage it is low caused by water and soil and nutrient loss.Green manure
In growth course, rice straw can be decomposed slowly, promote green manure crop growth.On the other hand, next year green manure crop harvest is laggard
Row earth backing covering, can water-retaining effect, reduce summer when soil ground temperature, reduce evaporation, promoted peach garden soil fertility level,
Promote the growth of fruit tree and the quality-improving of fruit.
Runoff water can be made to be lost compared with the processing of not green manuring by the method for the present invention treated mountainous region peach garden
43.5% is reduced, sediment loss amount reduces 53.7%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 45.4% and 61.6%, and soil organic matter content increases
12.5%.Achieve significant progress.
Preferably, the hillside orchard is the newly-ploughed orchard on southern mountain hills.
Preferably, step 1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.2-2.8m.
Preferably, step 2）In, the application rate of Radish is 12-16kg/ha, the application rate 45-55kg/ of Vicia sativa
Ha, the application rate of paspalum notatum are 12-18kg/ha.
It is also not that the miscegenation of arbitrary proportion can although action can be cooperateed between above-mentioned three kinds of green manure crops
Preferable technical effect is obtained, team of the present invention finds after extensive testing, and miscegenation, actual effect are carried out under aforementioned proportion
Preferably, treated, and soil is particularly suitable for plantation peach.
Preferably, step 3）In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3200 kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
It is compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, the miscegenation drilling of paspalum notatum, three kinds of Radish, Vicia sativa specific green manure crops, can effectively increase ground mulching degree,
Soil water evaporation is reduced, contact residence time of the rainwater with surface soil is increased.Radish and Vicia sativa are collocated with each other kind
It plants, the plant height of crucifer can be made full use of to be formed by overground part space, promote mutually growth, rainwater when reducing rainfall
Soil erosion caused by kinetic energy and nutrient loss.Radish, Vicia sativa have the effect of biological nitrogen fixation, later period harvest covering orchard
Returning to the field can effectively increase soil nutrient and reach fertility level promotion, promote the growth of peach.Paspalum notatum biomass is big, vegetative coverage
Preferably, the soil erosion of soil can be effectively reduced in degree.Paspalum notatum, Radish, the mutual mixed seeding of Vicia sativa three effectively play soil
The effect of earth fixed nitrogen and reduction soil erosion.
2, after planting mulching straw, the moisture that can be reduced soil surface evaporate green manure, and the germination for facilitating green manure seed is raw
It is long.In green manure growth course, rice straw can be decomposed slowly, promote green manure crop growth.It is carried out after next year green manure crop harvest
Earth backing covering, can water-retaining effect, reduce summer when soil ground temperature, reduce moisture evaporation, increase orchard drought-resistant ability, promote
Into the growth of fruit tree and the quality-improving of fruit.
3, runoff water stream can be made compared with the processing of not green manuring by the method for the present invention treated mountainous region peach garden
It loses and reduces 43.5%, sediment loss amount reduces 53.7%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 45.4% and 61.6%, and soil organic matter content mentions
Rise 12.5%.Achieve significant progress.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the examples below.
Total embodiment
Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden, includes the following steps：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 2.0-3.5m ditching, ridging.
2）In early October, the mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting of Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum is carried out；Radish is broadcast
Kind amount is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 30-60kg/ha of Vicia sativa, the application rate of paspalum notatum is 10-20kg/ha.
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2000-3500 kg/ha.
4）April next year first arrival mid-June, to all carrying out covering cultivation after Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum harvest.
Preferably, the hillside orchard is the newly-ploughed orchard on southern mountain hills.
Preferably, step 1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.2-2.8m.
Preferably, step 2）In, the application rate of Radish is 12-16kg/ha, the application rate 45-55kg/ of Vicia sativa
Ha, the application rate of paspalum notatum are 10-18kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3200 kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
Embodiment 1
Radish, paspalum notatum, Vicia sativa miscegenation application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, Radish, paspalum notatum, Vicia sativa carry out the sowing of mixed seeding mode item by dosage 15kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 45kg/ha
It plants, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, Radish, paspalum notatum, Vicia sativa interplanting can make runoff water stream
It loses and reduces 43.5%, sediment loss amount reduces 53.7%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 45.4% and 61.6%, and soil organic matter content mentions
Rise 12.5%.
Comparative example 1
Radish single application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.Early October, Radish
It is sowed by dosage 75kg/ha, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.According to Routine Management
Carry out fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows to sow Radish compared with the processing of not green manuring, can make runoff
Water, which is lost, reduces 24.4%, and sediment loss amount reduces 28.7%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 32.7% and 34.8%.
Comparative example 2
Paspalum notatum single application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.Early October, paspalum notatum are pressed
Dosage 75kg/ha is sowed, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.According to Routine Management into
Row fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, paspalum notatum interplanting can make runoff water
It is lost and reduces 45.9%, sediment loss amount reduces 54.8%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 48.6% and 62.1%.Although the guarantor of Bai Xicao
Water holding soil is very capable, but finds simultaneously, single paspalum notatum under this application rate, paspalum notatum excessively vigorous growth, exists and peach
Nutrient is fought for, causes peach growing way bad, is unfavorable for the normal growth of peach, therefore can not practical application.And miscegenation of the present invention
Three kinds of crops between can make full use of space, promote mutually growth, and will not grow and threaten to peach.
Comparative example 3
Vicia sativa single application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.Early October, Vicia sativa are pressed
Dosage 75kg/ha is sowed, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.According to Routine Management into
Row fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, Vicia sativa interplanting can make runoff water
It is lost and reduces 23.7%, sediment loss amount reduces 28.3%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 31.8% and 33.2%.
Comparative example 4
Radish, rape, Vicia sativa miscegenation application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.October
The first tenday period of a month, Radish, rape, Vicia sativa carry out mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting by dosage 15kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 45kg/ha, broadcast
In soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of kind.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.Continuous 1
Year monitoring shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, Radish, rape, Vicia sativa interplanting can make runoff water be lost reduction
28.7%, sediment loss amount reduces 39.5%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 42.1% and 45.2%.
Comparative example 5
Radish, Chinese milk vetch, common vetch kind application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, Radish, Chinese milk vetch, common vetch carry out the sowing of mixed seeding mode item by dosage 15kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 45kg/ha
It plants, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, Radish, Chinese milk vetch, common vetch interplanting can make runoff water
It is lost and reduces 27.2%, sediment loss amount reduces 33.9%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 32.7% and 37.8%.
Comparative example 6
Radish, common vetch, semen viciae fabae miscegenation application test：The newborn peach garden in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of peach are 2.5m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, Radish, common vetch, rape carry out the sowing of mixed seeding mode item by dosage 15kg/ha, 15kg/ha, 45kg/ha
It plants, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, Radish, common vetch, semen viciae fabae interplanting can make runoff water stream
It loses and reduces 18.9%, sediment loss amount reduces 28.1%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 25.7% and 33.5%.
By the comparison of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-6 it is found that Radish of the invention, paspalum notatum, three kinds of Vicia sativa it is green
Can be synergistic between fertile crop, it is indispensable, while when effect when planting is far superior to single cropping, and replace it
In 1-2 kind green manure after just can not obtain the technical effect of same level of the present invention.
Raw materials used in the present invention, equipment is unless otherwise noted the common raw material, equipment of this field；In the present invention
Method therefor is unless otherwise noted the conventional method of this field.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way, it is all according to the present invention
Technical spirit any simple modification, change and equivalent transformation to the above embodiments, still fall within the technology of the present invention side
The protection scope of case.
Claims (6)
1. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 2.0-3.5m ditching, ridging；
2）In early October, the mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting of Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum is carried out；The application rate of Radish
For 10-20kg/ha, the application rate 30-60kg/ha of Vicia sativa, the application rate of paspalum notatum is 10-20kg/ha；
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2000-3500 kg/ha；
4）April next year first arrival mid-June, to all carrying out covering cultivation after Radish, Vicia sativa, paspalum notatum harvest.
2. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mountainous region peach garden
For the newly-ploughed peach garden on southern mountain hills.
3. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that step 1）In,
Fruit tree line-spacing is 2.2-2.8 m.
4. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2）In, fertilizer
The application rate of field radish is 12-16kg/ha, and the application rate 45-55kg/ha of Vicia sativa, the application rate of paspalum notatum is 12-18kg/
ha。
5. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3）In, water
The dosage of rice straw is 2800-3200 kg/ha.
6. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden as claimed in claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that step 3）In,
After covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
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| CN201810652847.6A CN108886902A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden |
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| CN201810652847.6A CN108886902A (en) | 2018-06-22 | 2018-06-22 | Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region peach garden |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN110122143A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-16 | 云南省林业科学院 | A kind of walnut forest land water-retaining method |
| CN111903272A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Safe and efficient orchard soil improvement method |
| CN113243242A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Ecological cultivation method for kumquat orchard |
| CN115316181A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-11-11 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting mountain pear orchard with water retention, fertilizer conservation and synergism |
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| CN111903272A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-11-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Safe and efficient orchard soil improvement method |
| CN113243242A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Ecological cultivation method for kumquat orchard |
| CN115316181A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-11-11 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting mountain pear orchard with water retention, fertilizer conservation and synergism |
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