CN108886900A - Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard - Google Patents
Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN108886900A CN108886900A CN201810622852.2A CN201810622852A CN108886900A CN 108886900 A CN108886900 A CN 108886900A CN 201810622852 A CN201810622852 A CN 201810622852A CN 108886900 A CN108886900 A CN 108886900A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to agriculture field, discloses a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard and consolidate indigenous method, including：1）By fruit tree line-spacing 1.5-3.5m ditching, ridging；2）In early October, carry out bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting；The application rate of bur clover is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 50-80kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 10-25kg/ha；3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2500-5000 kg/ha；4）Month next year 4-6, covering cultivation was all carried out after harvesting to bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass.The present invention is suitable for the newly-ploughed orchard of southern mountain, can effectively reduce soil soil erosion, increases soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, is conducive to improve soil physical and chemical property, promotes fruit tree fast-growth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture fields more particularly to a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard to consolidate indigenous method.
Background technique
Soil erosion is important one of the environmental problem in China or even the whole world, and soil erosion causes under fertility
Drop, bloods and droughts aggravation, the deterioration of the ecological environment, and then influence the sustainable development in region.With the development of the social economy, big
It measures newly-ploughed soil to be exploited, artificially causes new soil erosion than more serious.Therefore, how prevention soil and water loss has become
Current agricultural environmental protection work significant problem urgently to be resolved.
South China hillside orchard is mostly hills plantation, and raising fruit trees is the most common Land-Use, and newly-ploughed fruit
Orchard Soil is exposed, and vegetation is less, and rainfall, which generates runoff, easily leads to being largely lost for hillside soil silt and nutrient.And due to
Unreasonable agricultural cultivating mode causes the nutrients such as severe water and soil erosion and nitrogen phosphorus to be largely lost so that soil fertility decline and
Water body deteriorates.This not only causes adverse effect to local ecological environment, also seriously constrains local production and living standard
It improves.It was found that green manure can improve soil physical and chemical property, promote plant growth, increases soil microbe quantity and diversity, change
Kind ecological environment of soil.The country such as the U.S., Japan, South Korea all greatly develops green manure industry, carries out fertilizing of increasing soil fertility.Made using green manure
Object covers newborn orchard soil, effectively reduces bare land area, soil erosion can be greatly reduced, improve the ecological environment,
But there is presently no a kind of scientific methods prevented and treated for south China orchard water and soil and nitrogen and phosphorus loss.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of water conservations for mountainous region citrus orchard to consolidate indigenous method.
The present invention is suitable for the newly-ploughed citrus orchard of southern mountain, can effectively reduce soil soil erosion, increases soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability,
Be conducive to improve soil physical and chemical property, promote fruit tree fast-growth.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is：Indigenous method, including following step are consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard
Suddenly：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 1.5-3.5m ditching, ridging.
2）In early October, carry out bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting；Bur clover is broadcast
Kind amount is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 50-80kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 10-25kg/ha.
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2500-5000 kg/ha.
4）Month next year 4-6, covering cultivation was all carried out after harvesting to bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass.
The principle of technical solution of the present invention is：Southern mountain orchard is mostly hills plantation, and newly-ploughed citrus orchard soil is naked
Dew is obvious, and vegetation is less, and rainfall, which generates runoff, easily leads to being largely lost for soil silt and nutrient.For this purpose, team of the present invention
After carrying out further investigation and a large number of experiments, chance on rattail fescue grass, bur clover, semen viciae fabae these three specific green manure works
After object carries out miscegenation, collaboration facilitation can be played, for increasing ground mulching degree, soil water evaporation is reduced, improves soil
Earth fertility, soil erosion and nutrient loss etc. caused by rainwater kinetic energy are especially effective when reducing rainfall.Of the invention is above-mentioned specific
Three kinds of crops can mutually cooperate with, indispensable, by comparison, when effect when miscegenation will be far superior to single cropping, and
And if other similar plants replacements are also difficult to obtain the technical effect of same level of the present invention to wherein a certain progress.Its technology
Effect will the significantly larger than original expection of team of the present invention.For the technical effect of each plant, perhaps those skilled in the art
Member after study after really it can be anticipated that, but to be filtered out from boundless and indistinct floristics it is above-mentioned it is specific it is several can generate it is special
The combination of synergy, by no means easy, this is difficult to expect to those skilled in the art.
In addition, team of the present invention is after study afterwards it has also been found that because of nitrogen-fixing bacteria rich in, later period in bur clover, semen viciae fabae
Harvest covering orchard returning to the field can effectively increase soil nutrient and reach soil fertility level promotion.And rattail fescue grass biomass is big, plants
Coating cover degree is preferable, and the soil erosion of soil can be effectively reduced.Rattail fescue grass, bur clover, the mutual mixed seeding mode item of semen viciae fabae three
The effect of sowing planting can mutually promote, and effectively play fixed nitrogen and reduce soil erosion.By the method for the present invention treated soil
Earth is particularly suitable for plantation citrus.
Step 3）In, after planting on the one hand mulching straw, effect are that can be reduced the moisture evaporation of soil surface to green manure, are had
Help the germinating growth of green manure seed, and can reduce simultaneously early period vegetation coverage it is low caused by water and soil and nutrient loss.Green manure
In growth course, rice straw can be decomposed slowly, promote green manure crop growth.On the other hand, next year green manure crop harvest is laggard
Row earth backing covering, can water-retaining effect, reduce summer when soil ground temperature, reduce evaporation, promote growth and the fruit of fruit tree
Quality improve.
It can make runoff water compared with the processing of not green manuring by the method for the present invention treated mountainous region citrus orchard
It is lost and reduces 40.2%, sediment loss amount reduces 58.9%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 47.8% and 62.9%.Achieve significantly into
Step.
Preferably, the hillside orchard is the newly-ploughed citrus orchard on southern mountain hills.
Preferably, step 1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.0-2.5m.
Preferably, step 2）In, the application rate of bur clover is 11-15kg/ha, the application rate 65-75kg/ of semen viciae fabae
Ha, the application rate of rattail fescue grass are 15-22kg/ha.
It is also not that the miscegenation of arbitrary proportion can although action can be cooperateed between above-mentioned three kinds of green manure crops
Preferable technical effect is obtained, team of the present invention finds after extensive testing, and miscegenation, actual effect are carried out under aforementioned proportion
Preferably, treated, and soil is particularly suitable for plantation citrus.
Preferably, step 3）In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3500 kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
It is compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, rattail fescue grass, bur clover, the miscegenation of three kinds of specific green manure crops of semen viciae fabae or drilling, can effectively increase ground mulching
Degree reduces soil water evaporation, increases contact residence time of the rainwater with surface soil, when reducing rainfall caused by rainwater kinetic energy
Soil erosion and nutrient loss.Bur clover, semen viciae fabae have nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and growth period can effectively fix nitrogen nutrient, and later period harvest is covered
Pyxidium garden can effectively increase soil nutrient and reach fertility level promotion.Rattail fescue grass biomass is big, and vegetation coverage is preferable, can be effective
Reduce the soil erosion of soil.Rattail fescue grass, bur clover, the mutual mixed seeding of semen viciae fabae three effectively play geobiont fixed nitrogen and subtract
The effect of few soil erosion.
2, after planting mulching straw, the moisture that can be reduced soil surface evaporate green manure, and the germination for facilitating green manure seed is raw
It is long.In green manure growth course, rice straw can be decomposed slowly, promote green manure crop growth.It is carried out after next year green manure crop harvest
Earth backing covering, can water-retaining effect, reduce summer when soil ground temperature, reduce moisture evaporation, increase orchard drought-resistant ability, promote
The quality of growth and fruit into fruit tree improves.
3, runoff water can be made compared with the processing of not green manuring by the method for the present invention treated mountainous region citrus orchard
Amount, which is lost, reduces 40.2%, and sediment loss amount reduces 58.9%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 47.8% and 62.9%, and the soil organism contains
Amount promotes 10.7%.Achieve significant progress.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the examples below.
Total embodiment
Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard, includes the following steps：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 1.5-3.5m ditching, ridging.
2）In early October, carry out bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting；Bur clover is broadcast
Kind amount is 10-20kg/ha, and the application rate 50-80kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 10-25kg/ha.
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2500-5000 kg/ha.
4）Month next year 4-6, covering cultivation was all carried out after harvesting to bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass.
Preferably, the hillside orchard is the newly-ploughed orchard on southern mountain hills.
Preferably, step 1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.0-2.5m.
Preferably, step 2）In, the application rate of bur clover is 11-15kg/ha, the application rate 65-75kg/ of semen viciae fabae
Ha, the application rate of rattail fescue grass are 15-22kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3500 kg/ha.
Preferably, step 3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
Embodiment 1
Bur clover, rattail fescue grass, semen viciae fabae miscegenation application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, bur clover, rattail fescue grass, semen viciae fabae carry out mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting by dosage 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, 70kg/ha,
In soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.Continuously
Monitoring in 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, bur clover, rattail fescue grass, semen viciae fabae interplanting can be such that the loss of runoff water subtracts
Few 40.2%, sediment loss amount reduces 58.9%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 47.8% and 62.9%, and soil organic matter content is promoted
10.7%。
Comparative example 1
Bur clover single application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.Early October, chrysanthemum
Clover is sowed by dosage 102kg/ha, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.According to routine
Management carries out fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows to sow bur clover compared with the processing of not green manuring, can make
Runoff water, which is lost, reduces 29.8%, and sediment loss amount reduces 46.1%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 38.3% and 49.4%.
Comparative example 2
Rattail fescue grass single application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.Early October, rattail fescue grass
It is sowed by dosage 102kg/ha, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.According to Routine Management
Carry out fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, the interplanting of rattail fescue grass can make runoff water
Amount, which is lost, reduces 43.6%, and sediment loss amount reduces 60.3%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 49.5% and 66.3%.Although rattail fescue grass
It conserves water and soil very capable, but find simultaneously, single rattail fescue grass, the excessively vigorous growth of rattail fescue grass, exist and mandarin orange under this application rate
Tangerine fruit tree fights for nutrient, causes mandarin tree growing way bad, is unfavorable for the normal growth in citrus orchard, therefore can not practical application.
And can make full use of space between three kinds of crops of miscegenation of the present invention, promote mutually growth, and will not be to citrus fruit tree growth
It threatens.
Comparative example 3
Semen viciae fabae single application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.Early October, semen viciae fabae is by use
Amount 102kg/ha is sowed, in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.It is carried out according to Routine Management
Fertilising and disease control.Monitoring in continuous 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, semen viciae fabae interplanting can be such that runoff water is lost
8.9% is reduced, sediment loss amount reduces 17.4%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 20.2% and 28.6%.
Comparative example 4
Bur clover, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae miscegenation application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, bur clover, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae carry out mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting by dosage 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, 70kg/ha,
In soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.Continuously
Monitoring in 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, bur clover, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae interplanting can be such that the loss of runoff water subtracts
Few 34.7%, sediment loss amount reduces 41.8%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 45.7% and 49.4%.
Comparative example 5
Common vetch, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae miscegenation application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.10
The first tenday period of a month moon, common vetch, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae carry out mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting by dosage 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, 70kg/ha,
In soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha after the completion of sowing.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.Continuously
Monitoring in 1 year shows that compared with the processing of not green manuring, common vetch, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae interplanting can be such that the loss of runoff water subtracts
Few 13.6%, sediment loss amount reduces 22.4%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 29.5% and 27.3%.
Comparative example 6
Sweet potato, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae miscegenation application test：The newborn citrus orchard in selection south, each ridge line-spacing of mandarin tree are 2m.On October
Ten days, sweet potato, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae carry out mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting by dosage 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, 70kg/ha, and sowing is completed
Afterwards in soil surface stalks mulching straw 3000kg/ha.Fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.It monitors within continuous 1 year
Show compared with the processing of not green manuring, sweet potato, Chinese milk vetch, semen viciae fabae interplanting can be such that runoff water is lost and reduce 26.4%, silt
Number of dropouts reduces 32.8%, and total nitrogen total phosphorus, which is lost, reduces 37.1% and 39.8%.
By the comparison of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1-6 it is found that bur clover of the invention, three kinds of rattail fescue grass, semen viciae fabae green manure
Can be synergistic between crop, it is indispensable, while when effect when planting is far superior to single cropping, and replace wherein
1-2 kind green manure after just can not obtain the technical effect of same level of the present invention.
Raw materials used in the present invention, equipment is unless otherwise noted the common raw material, equipment of this field；In the present invention
Method therefor is unless otherwise noted the conventional method of this field.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way, it is all according to the present invention
Technical spirit any simple modification, change and equivalent transformation to the above embodiments, still fall within the technology of the present invention side
The protection scope of case.
Claims (6)
1. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1）By fruit tree line-spacing 1.5-3.5m ditching, ridging；
2）In early October, carry out bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting；The application rate of bur clover
For 10-20kg/ha, the application rate 50-80kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 10-25kg/ha；
3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2500-5000 kg/ha；
4）Month next year 4-6, covering cultivation was all carried out after harvesting to bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass.
2. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mountainous region
Citrus orchard is the newly-ploughed citrus orchard on southern mountain hills.
3. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that step
1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.0-2.5m.
4. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2）
In, the application rate of bur clover is 11-15kg/ha, and the application rate 65-75kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 15-
22kg/ha。
5. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3）
In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3500 kg/ha.
6. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as claimed in claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that step
3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.
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| CN201810622852.2A CN108886900A (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110972660A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Fertilizing method for rapidly improving soil fertility of citrus orchard |
| CN113261466A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-17 | 厦门大学嘉庚学院 | Tea garden planting method |
| CN116616130A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-22 | 丽水市森林资源保护管理总站 | Planting method for interplanting festuca arundinacea in camellia oleifera forest |
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| CN110972660A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Fertilizing method for rapidly improving soil fertility of citrus orchard |
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| CN116616130A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-22 | 丽水市森林资源保护管理总站 | Planting method for interplanting festuca arundinacea in camellia oleifera forest |
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