CN104365329A - Planting and field management method for Hongda tobacco varieties on mountain land autumn-flowering red earth - Google Patents
Planting and field management method for Hongda tobacco varieties on mountain land autumn-flowering red earth Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365329A CN104365329A CN201410600075.3A CN201410600075A CN104365329A CN 104365329 A CN104365329 A CN 104365329A CN 201410600075 A CN201410600075 A CN 201410600075A CN 104365329 A CN104365329 A CN 104365329A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
- A01D45/16—Harvesting of standing crops of tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting and field management method for Hongda tobacco varieties on mountain land autumn-flowering red earth. According to the method, seeding is performed within 40-50 days before transplanting, plowing is performed after preceding crops are harvested, then the earth is made idle, or early-maturing crops are planted in the earth, and land preparation is performed within 60-90 days before transplanting; transplanting is performed within 10-15 days before the rainy season, under-film transplanting is adopted, after transplanting, the earth is covered with mulching films, and holing is performed; 2.5 kg-3.5 kg of pure nitrogen is applied per mu, oil cake type organic fertilizer accounts for 45 %-55%, and 40 kg-50 kg of oil cake type organic fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer totally, 20 kg-25 kg of NPK-Zn-B compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and evenly mixed with the organic fertilizer to be applied as base fertilizer, 10 kg-15 kg of potassium sulfate is applied per mu, 75%-85% of the potassium sulfate is applied in holes within 35-45 days after planting, and 15%-25% of the potassium sulfate is applied through spraying within 45-55 days after planting; tobacco plants are topped two times, when center flowers blossom, topping is performed for the first time, big branches are removed, then within 10-15 days, topping is performed for the second time, and tobacco leaves of which the length is smaller than 50 cm, and all tobacco branches are removed; the tobacco leaves are harvested three times, 3-4 leaves are collected after the leaves on the lower portions become yellow and fall off, after 13-15 days, 3-4 leaves are then harvested, and the remaining leaves are harvested at a time after the leaves on the upper middle portions become yellow and fall off in a centralized mode. The method can be sufficiently adapted to the features of the mountain land red earth, promote early maturing and rapid flowering of tobacco seedlings and comprehensively increase the yield of the tobacco leaves and improve the quality of the tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco cultivation technical field, be specifically related to plantation and field management method that a kind of autumn sends out the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil.
Background technology
The large gold dollar of flue-cured tobacco cultivars safflower is the Typical Representative of Yunnan delicate fragrance type tobacco leaf, is also to support one of Yunnan " two cigarettes " feature breed of developing, and particularly Cigarette Industrial Enterprise is more strongly aobvious to the demand willingness of this kind.But the planting area of this kind has significant limitation, be mainly suitable for planting on purple soil, paddy soil and small part red soil, significantly limit the expansion of its planting area.According to statistics, in the arable area of Yunnan, paddy soil, purple soil proportion are less than 50%, and red soil accounts for more than 50%, and plant red soil in the arable land of flue-cured tobacco and account for about 70% especially.Because the many slant acidity of red soil, viscosity are heavier, early stage, feeder capability was weak, later stage feeder capability is strong, be commonly called as " autumn is sent out ", the large gold dollar of flue-cured tobacco, particularly safflower that this type of autumn rubescent earth is planted, easily occur that tobacco leaf is turned green, breeding time is longer, the universal phenomenon that blue or green after roasting, assorted gas is outstanding, makes tobacco grower's economic loss heavy.
Therefore, send out on mountain red soil how to plant the large gold dollar of safflower in the autumn, just can guarantee the income of local government, tobacco company and tobacco grower, become technical bottleneck urgently to be resolved hurrily.The present invention is intended in conjunction with Southwestern China tobacco planting district, especially Yunnan Province mountain red soil easily hardens, acid large, feeder capability unbalanced soil property feature and middle and upper part leaf maturing stage rainwater more frequent, day and night temperature is large, the weather conditions of accidental cold dew or light frost, research and develop plantation and field management method that a kind of autumn sends out the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil.By promoting cigarette strain early growth and quick tiller, reduce cigarette strain middle and upper part leaf maturing stage tobacco leaf to turn green and the risk of chilling injury, improve the baking property of safflower large gold dollar tobacco leaf, resistance toly to nourish one's nature and resistance to roasting property, thus make cured tobacco leaf gloss better, comparatively sufficient, the yield and quality of oil content all realizes significantly improving.
Summary of the invention
A kind of autumn is the object of the present invention is to provide to send out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and the described autumn sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, comprise nursery, whole, transplant, apply fertilizer, pinch and smear wooden fork and remove bottom leaf and operation of gathering, specifically comprise:
A, nursery: 40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings sows, when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d.
B, whole: after upper one batch of crop harvesting, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, should turn in time, the degree of depth is 25 ~ 35cm, relief soil winter slack or plantation early-maturing crop or silo crop; Transplant front 60 ~ 90d and need harrow fine earth block, level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.0 ~ 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.50 ~ 0.65m, and offers the drain ditch be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour.
C, transplanting: 10 ~ 15d before rainy season set transplants cigarette seedling, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beats the pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, the wide 40 ~ 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 2 ~ 5kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, when water does not also all infiltrate soil, transplant cigarette seedling, earthing after transplanting, cover the mulch film of light transmittance≤55% and perforate.
D, fertilising: adopt the mode that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are arranged in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 45 ~ 55%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 30 ~ 50kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting; Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 15 ~ 25kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 10 ~ 15kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 75 ~ 85% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 15 ~ 25% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times.
E, pinch and smear wooden fork and remove bottom leaf: be divided into 2 times and pinch, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf is extractd, after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks.
F, to gather: be divided into 3 times and gather, cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this stops 13 ~ 15d to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this needs cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf by the time to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather.
Autumn of the present invention sends out the plantation of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil and field management method has following outstanding technique effect:
1, the method for the invention is before cigarette transplantation of seedlings, after soil is turned over, preferred plantation barley, bitter buckwheat, rape or silage corn one class precocity or silo crop, utilize the root exudates and cell detachment thing adjustment soil acid-base equilibrium that produce in process of crop growth, activation and Enriching soil in organic matter, reduce the bulk density of soil, and elimination soil in undesirable constituents, the feeder capability of cigarette transplantation of seedlings and growth mountain red soil in early stage is effectively regulated, promotes cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller.
2, the method for the invention is according to Southwestern China tobacco planting district, especially the climatic environment feature of Yunnan Province, 10 ~ 15d(before rainy season set is generally on May 10 ~ 15) period carry out cigarette transplantation of seedlings, cigarette seedling can be made effectively to avoid because atmospheric humidity is on the low side, air oxygen detrition, the dynamic stage that the crouching pool that soil water content deficiency causes is not grown, promote that cigarette seedling grows fast, shorten also seedling stage.
3, in transplanting operation, the method of the invention is according to the fertility characteristic of mountain red soil, preferably 850 ~ 1100 plants/acre plant smoke density, line-spacing 1.0 ~ 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.50 ~ 0.65m, be conducive to ensureing that cigarette strain is whole to grow and maturation yellow phase that falls all can receive sufficient illumination, effectively prevent and extend the breeding time caused due to illumination deficiency, tobacco leaf falls Huang slowly.
4, lower for mountain red soil pH value, acidity is larger, boron is active large, and easily run off, phosphorus, potassium are easily fixed, the features such as availability reduction, the method of the invention adopts oil cake type fertilizer and NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, potassium sulphate fertilizer to arrange in pairs or groups the mode used, and optimizes the element proportioning in fertilizer, accomplishes balance fertilizing, promote cigarette strain absorbing beneficial element each in fertilizer, ensure that the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.
5, weak for mountain red soil feeder capability in early stage, the feature that later stage feeder capability is strong, the method of the invention adjusts fertilization mode, fertilizer and inorganic composite fertilizer are applied as base manure is disposable, adjustment soil nutrient is formed, the microorganism be rich in can activate indissoluble mineral matter element, also improves significantly to the granular structure of red soil, is conducive to the root growth of cigarette strain and the absorption to nutrient.
6, roasting to adopting from buddingging, the demand of the large gold dollar of safflower to potash fertilizer is larger, potassium sulfate nutriment in a fertilizer 2 ratios according to 7.5 ~ 8.5:1.5 ~ 2.5 carry out spreading manuer in holes and spraying by the method for the invention respectively, be conducive to the fast transferring of potassium element to cigarette strain root table, improve the competitiveness that root system absorbs potassium element, effectively improve the ratio of the Yield and quality of tobacco leaf, average price and first-class cigarette, also have obvious improvement to the perfume quantity of tobacco leaf and reviewing prnciple.
7, in the selection staying leaf picking methods, the method of the invention is carried out 3 times and is gathered, the Huang Houzai that rises and falls is concentrated to carry out the 3rd time and gather on cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf, thus achieve balancing again of nutrient and moisture between blade, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf can either be ensured, improve the baking property of tobacco leaf, be conducive to again avoiding or alleviate the harm that the tobacco leaf later stage turns green, low temperature, cold dew etc. cause, ensure that the quality of tobacco leaf.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below, but limited the present invention never in any form, and any conversion done based on training centre of the present invention or replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Autumn of the present invention sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, comprise nursery, whole, transplant, apply fertilizer, pinch and smear wooden fork and remove bottom leaf and operation of gathering, specifically comprise:
40 ~ 50d that described nursery operation refers to before cigarette transplantation of seedlings sows, and when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d.
After described whole ground operation refers to one batch of crop harvesting, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, should turn in time, the degree of depth is 25 ~ 35cm, relief soil winter slack or plantation early-maturing crop or silo crop; Transplant front 60 ~ 90d and need harrow fine earth block, level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.0 ~ 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.50 ~ 0.65m, and offers the drain ditch be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour.
Described transplanting operation refers to 10 ~ 15d before rainy season set and transplants cigarette seedling, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beat the pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, wide 40 ~ the 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 2 ~ 5kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, when water does not also all infiltrate soil, transplant cigarette seedling, earthing after transplanting, covers the mulch film of light transmittance≤55% and perforate.
The mode that described fertilising operation adopts fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to arrange in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 45 ~ 55%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 30 ~ 50kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting; Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 15 ~ 25kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 10 ~ 15kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 75 ~ 85% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 15 ~ 25% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times.
Described pinching is smeared wooden fork and is gone bottom leaf operation to be divided into 2 times to carry out, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf is extractd, after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks.
Described operation of gathering is divided into 3 times and carries out, and cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this stops 13 ~ 15d to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this needs cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf by the time to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather.
40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings described in nursery operation, during being generally annual 20 ~ April 5 March for Yunnan Province.
Described nursery operation preferably divides 2 ~ 3 batches to sow.
The height of seedling of the cigarette seedling described in nursery operation answers≤8cm.
Early-maturing crop described in whole ground operation or silo crop are any one or several in barley, bitter buckwheat, rape or silage corn.
The width in the drain ditch described in whole ground operation is 90 ~ 150cm, and the degree of depth is 40 ~ 60cm, and cigarette moisture in the soil not ponding during to guarantee to occur " single-point " heavy rain rainy season, cigarette strain rhizospheric environment occurs without anoxia phenomenon.
Transplant 10 ~ 15d before the rainy season set described in operation, during being generally 10 ~ 15 annual May for Yunnan Province, but the special year's harvest or region were as the criterion with the local real time.
The density of transplanting the transplanting cigarette seedling described in operation is preferably 850 ~ 1100 plants/acre.
Transplant the black mulch film that the mulch film described in operation is preferably light transmittance 20 ~ 50%.
The perforate of transplanting described in operation refers to the hole of the mulch film directly over cigarette seedling being opened 1 ~ 3 diameter 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
The operative norm of the oil cake type fertilizer of fertilising described in operation is NY 525-2012 " organic manure " and GB/T 19630.1-2011 " organic products ".
The oil cake type fertilizer of fertilising described in operation adopts plant resource organic matter and microbial bacterial agent to ferment more than 1 year and is composited, not containing fowl and animal excrement and domestic waste.
Described oil cake type fertilizer preferably adopts the microbial bacterial agents such as plant resource organic matter and Trichoderma viride such as vegetable seed is withered, pyrethrum flowers slag, bagasse filter mud, potassium fulvate to ferment more than 1 year and is composited, not containing fowl and animal excrement and domestic waste.
Described oil cake type fertilizer total nutrient>=10%, wherein N:P
2o
5: K
2o is 4:2:4, organic>=60%; Amino acid>=5%, humic acid>=5%, effective active bacterium number>=2 × 10 of Trichoderma viride
7/ g.
Described oil cake type fertilizer is preferably powdery.
N:P in the NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer of fertilising described in operation
2o
5: K
2o is that 8:16:24, Zn, B respectively account for 1.8 ~ 2.2% of multi-component composite fertilizer gross weight.
Gather cigarette strain middle leaf to be separated with upper leaf and gather in the 3rd described in operation time of gathering.
Autumn of the present invention sends out the plantation of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil and field management method can also comprise field management operation, specifically comprise looking into lack and fill the gaps with seedlings, take off film ridging and moisturizing, accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, without diseased plant, without weak strain, without being short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, hardening without de-fertilizer, nothing, cigarette strain regularity is good.
Autumn of the present invention sends out the plantation of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil and field management method can also comprise extermination of disease and insect pest operation, and specifically comprise plot sterilization, timely crop rotation, removes disease seedling, and control to ventilate, medicament for matching is used and carried out integrated pest prevention and control.
embodiment 1
---the plantation of the upper large gold dollar of safflower in Tang Zi town, Xun Dian county Zhong Ling villagers' committee mountain red soil (heavy loam) and field management
Soil nutrient status: this plants the pH value 6.38 of smoke hallway, the content of organic matter 3.42%.Main Nutrients situation: available nitrogen content 122.28mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 34.54mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 563.21mg/kg.The situation of trace element: Zn content 3.76mg/kg, Fe content 32.72 mg/kg, Boron contents 0.45mg/kg, soluble chloride content 19.92mg/kg.
Fertilizer: oil cake type fertilizer, total nutrient>=10%, wherein N:P
2o
5: K
2o is 4:2:4, organic>=60%; Amino acid>=5%, humic acid>=5%, effective active bacterium number>=2 × 10 of Trichoderma viride
7/ g, powdery, purchased from Yuan Tian biological industry Development Co., Ltd of Yunnan Yuxi.
Inorganic fertilizer: N:P in NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer
2o
5: K
2o is that 8:16:24, Zn, B respectively account for 2% of multi-component composite fertilizer gross weight, purchased from Kunming Jing Xunfei industry Co., Ltd; Potassium sulfate is purchased from Xinjiang Lop Nur sylvite Co., Ltd.
Point to sow for 3 times during 40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings i.e. 25 days ~ April 5 March in 2014, when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d, height of seedling≤8cm.After upper one batch of harvest corn, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, turn in time, the degree of depth is 30 ~ 35cm, afterwards winter slack.Before transplanting, 60d harrows fine earth block, and level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.65m, and offer the width be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour be 100 ~ 110cm, and the degree of depth is the drain ditch of 40 ~ 45cm.
10 ~ 15d before arriving rainy season (then this ground rainy season be May 2) and transplant cigarette seedling during 20 ~ May 1 April, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beat the large pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, the wide 40 ~ 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 2 ~ 3kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, cigarette seedling is transplanted when water does not also all infiltrate soil, planting smoke density is 850 plants/acre, earthing after transplanting, and covers the black mulch film of light transmittance 20% and mulch film directly over cigarette seedling is opened the hole of 1 ~ 3 diameter 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
The mode that fertilising adopts fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to arrange in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 3.5kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 45%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 40kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting.Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 24kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 10kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 80% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 20% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 2 times.
Pinch and smear wooden fork and go bottom leaf to be divided into 2 times to carry out, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and is extractd by cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf, and after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks.
Stay leaf to gather to be divided into 3 times and carry out, cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this 13 ~ 15d is stopped to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this by the time cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf is needed to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather, cigarette strain middle leaf need be separated with upper leaf when gathering for the 3rd time and gather, toast separately.
Also need to carry out looking into scarce filling the gaps with seedlings according to the growing state of cigarette strain at cigarette strain field growth period, take off film ridging and moisturizing, accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, without diseased plant, without weak strain, nothing is short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, without de-fertilizer, without hardening, cigarette strain regularity is good.In addition, also need to coordinate plot sterilization, timely crop rotation, removes disease seedling, controls to ventilate, and the comprehensive means of pharmacy application carries out the control of damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 2
---the plantation of stone forest county magistrate lake town head lake villagers' committee mountain red soil (gently sticky earth) the upper large gold dollar of safflower and field management
Soil nutrient status: this plants the pH value 6.51 of smoke hallway, the content of organic matter 4.2%.Main Nutrients situation: available nitrogen content 153.56mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 14.52mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 182.33mg/kg.The situation of trace element: Zn content 2.53 mg/kg, Fe content 74.99 mg/kg, Boron contents 0.573mg/kg, soluble chloride content 1.25mg/kg.
Fertilizer: with embodiment 1.
Inorganic fertilizer: with embodiment 1.
Point to sow for 2 times during 40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings i.e. 5 days ~ April 10 April in 2014, when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d, height of seedling≤8cm.After upper one batch of harvest corn, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, turn in time, the degree of depth is 25 ~ 30cm, plants a season bitter buckwheat afterwards.Before transplanting, 70d harrows fine earth block, and level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.2m, spacing in the rows 0.55m, and offer the width be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour be 90 ~ 100cm, and the degree of depth is the drain ditch of 40 ~ 50cm.
10 ~ 15d before arriving rainy season (then this ground rainy season be June 2) and transplant cigarette seedling during 15 ~ May 20 May, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beat the large pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, the wide 40 ~ 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 3 ~ 4kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, cigarette seedling is transplanted when water does not also all infiltrate soil, planting smoke density is 1010 plants/acre, earthing after transplanting, and covers the black mulch film of light transmittance 35% and mulch film directly over cigarette seedling is opened the hole of 1 ~ 3 diameter 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
The mode that fertilising adopts fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to arrange in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 50%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 31kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting.Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 15.6kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 12kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 85% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 15% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 3 times.
Pinch and smear wooden fork and go bottom leaf to be divided into 2 times to carry out, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and is extractd by cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf, and after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks.
Stay leaf to gather to be divided into 3 times and carry out, cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this 13 ~ 15d is stopped to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this by the time cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf is needed to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather, cigarette strain middle leaf need be separated with upper leaf when gathering for the 3rd time and gather, toast separately.
Also need to carry out looking into scarce filling the gaps with seedlings according to the growing state of cigarette strain at cigarette strain field growth period, take off film ridging and moisturizing, accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, without diseased plant, without weak strain, nothing is short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, without de-fertilizer, without hardening, cigarette strain regularity is good.In addition, also need to coordinate plot sterilization, timely crop rotation, removes disease seedling, controls to ventilate, and the comprehensive means of pharmacy application carries out the control of damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 3
---the plantation of the large gold dollar of safflower and field management on great Song garden villagers' committee of Cui Hua township of Lu Quan county mountain red soil
Soil nutrient status: this plants the pH value 5.94 of smoke hallway, the content of organic matter 3.59%.Main Nutrients situation: available nitrogen content 137.88 mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 23.17 mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 264.45 mg/kg.The situation of trace element: Zn content 3.19mg/kg, Fe content 66.66mg/kg, Boron contents 0.26mg/kg.
Fertilizer: with embodiment 1.
Inorganic fertilizer: with embodiment 1.
Point to sow for 3 times during 40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings i.e. 10 days ~ April 15 April in 2014, when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d, height of seedling≤8cm.After upper one batch of harvest corn, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, turn in time, the degree of depth is 28 ~ 32cm, plant afterwards one season barley.Before transplanting, 90d harrows fine earth block, and level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.5m, and offer the width be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour be 110 ~ 120cm, and the degree of depth is the drain ditch of 45 ~ 50cm.
10 ~ 15d before arriving rainy season (then this ground rainy season be June 8) and transplant cigarette seedling during 20 ~ May 25 May, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beat the large pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, the wide 40 ~ 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 4 ~ 5kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, cigarette seedling is transplanted when water does not also all infiltrate soil, planting smoke density is 1100 plants/acre, earthing after transplanting, and covers the black mulch film of light transmittance 50% and mulch film directly over cigarette seedling is opened the hole of 1 ~ 3 diameter 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
The mode that fertilising adopts fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer to arrange in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 3.0kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 50%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 37.5kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting.Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 18.8kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 12kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 75% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 25% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 3 times.
Pinch and smear wooden fork and go bottom leaf to be divided into 2 times to carry out, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and is extractd by cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf, and after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks.
Stay leaf to gather to be divided into 3 times and carry out, cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this 13 ~ 15d is stopped to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, after this by the time cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf is needed to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather, cigarette strain middle leaf need be separated with upper leaf when gathering for the 3rd time and gather, toast separately.
Also need to carry out looking into scarce filling the gaps with seedlings according to the growing state of cigarette strain at cigarette strain field growth period, take off film ridging and moisturizing, accomplish without weeds, without ponding, without fireworks, without diseased plant, without weak strain, nothing is short of seedling, without fertilizer deficiency, without de-fertilizer, without hardening, cigarette strain regularity is good.In addition, also need to coordinate plot sterilization, timely crop rotation, removes disease seedling, controls to ventilate, and the comprehensive means of pharmacy application carries out the control of damage by disease and insect.
embodiment 4
---different transplanting time is on the impact of the large gold dollar economical character of safflower on mountain red soil, breeding time and the output value
Experiment place: stone forest county magistrate lake town head lake villagers' committee mountain red soil
Experimental result: see the following form.
By thinking to the data analysis of upper table: local rainy season in 2014 is June 2, May 1 transplanted in the past, because atmospheric humidity is lower, air is drier, adds that the humidity of mountain red soil is also lower, cigarette strain is caused to be downgraded, cigarette strain is turned green seriously, and breeding time extends, and top is long narrow, do not hack, formed " old cigarette ", the tobacco leaf Huang that falls falls Huang slowly or not.Therefore, before rainy season set, 10 ~ 15d transplants, the dynamic stage that cigarette strain can be made effectively to avoid the crouching pool do not grow, and allows cigarette strain early growth and quick tiller, normal growth.
embodiment 5
---difference stays leaf picking methods to fall yellow impact on the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil
Experiment place: Tang Zi town, Xun Dian county Zhong Ling villagers' committee mountain red soil
Experimental result: see the following form.
By finding out the analysis of upper table data, safflower large gold dollar middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf concentrates yellow disposablely to gather, balancing again of nutrient and moisture between blade can be realized, Maturity of Tobacco Leaf can either be ensured, improve the baking property of tobacco leaf, be conducive to again avoiding or alleviate the harm that the tobacco leaf later stage turns green, low temperature, cold dew etc. cause, finally ensure that tobacco grower plants the fundamental interests of the large gold dollar of safflower.
Claims (10)
1. the autumn sends out plantation and a field management method for the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that comprising nursery, whole, transplant, apply fertilizer, pinch and smear wooden fork and remove bottom leaf and operation of gathering, specifically comprise:
A, nursery: 40 ~ 50d before cigarette transplantation of seedlings sows, when making transplanting, the seedling age of cigarette seedling controls at 30 ~ 35d;
B, whole: after upper one batch of crop harvesting, take advantage of soil moisture content better, during moisture content > 12%, should turn in time, the degree of depth is 25 ~ 35cm, relief soil winter slack or plantation early-maturing crop or silo crop; Transplant front 60 ~ 90d and need harrow fine earth block, level land, contour is ploughed the first furrow as a guideline, line-spacing 1.0 ~ 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.50 ~ 0.65m, and offers the drain ditch be interconnected in the direction vertical with contour;
C, transplanting: 10 ~ 15d before rainy season set transplants cigarette seedling, method for transplanting under employing seedling film, beats the pool, dark 15 ~ the 20cm in the pool, the wide 40 ~ 45cm in the pool, every pool is watered 2 ~ 5kg and to be spread and sunk in pool water, when water does not also all infiltrate soil, transplant cigarette seedling, earthing after transplanting, cover the mulch film of light transmittance≤55% and perforate;
D, fertilising: adopt the mode that fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are arranged in pairs or groups, execute pure nitrogen level 2.5 ~ 3.5kg for every mu, wherein fertilizer accounts for 45 ~ 55%, is oil cake type fertilizer, uses 30 ~ 50kg for every mu, all as base manure, before transplanting, carry out the concentrated pool in 5d execute, then cover thin dry ground, or transplanting was carried out the ring-type pool execute the same day, avoid fertilizer directly to contact with tobacco root system during transplanting, cover with thin dry ground after transplanting; Inorganic fertilizer comprises NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer, use 15 ~ 25kg for every mu, all as base manure, apply after mixing with fertilizer, also comprise potassium sulfate, use 10 ~ 15kg for every mu, consumption 35 ~ 45d after cigarette transplantation of seedlings of 75 ~ 85% spreads manuer in holes at cigarette strain root, the consumption of 15 ~ 25% after cigarette transplantation of seedlings 45 ~ 55d cigarette strain foliage-spray 2 ~ 3 times;
E, pinch and smear wooden fork and remove bottom leaf: be divided into 2 times and pinch, at center, the flowers are in blossom carries out the 1st time when putting and pinches and erase large wooden fork, and cigarette strain bottom 1 ~ 5 leaf is extractd, after this 10 ~ 15d carries out the 2nd time and pinches, remove the tobacco leaf of top length < 50cm, and thoroughly remove remaining all cigarette wooden forks;
F, to gather: be divided into 3 times and gather, cigarette strain inferior leads falls after Huang and carries out the 1st 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this stops 13 ~ 15d to carry out the 2nd 3 ~ 4 leaves of gathering, and after this needs cigarette strain middle and upper part 8 ~ 10 leaf by the time to concentrate the Huang Houzai that rises and falls to carry out the 3rd time and gather.
2. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that the height of seedling of the cigarette seedling described in operation A answers≤8cm.
3. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that early-maturing crop described in process B or silo crop are any one or several in barley, bitter buckwheat, rape or silage corn.
4. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that the density of the transplanting cigarette seedling described in operation C is 850 ~ 1100 plants/acre.
5. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, and the mulch film that it is characterized in that described in operation C is the black mulch film of light transmittance 20 ~ 50%.
6. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, and the perforate that it is characterized in that described in operation C refers to the hole of the mulch film directly over cigarette seedling being opened 1 ~ 3 diameter 0.5 ~ 1.0cm.
7. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that oil cake type fertilizer described in step D adopts plant resource organic matter and microbial bacterial agent to ferment more than 1 year and is composited, do not contain fowl and animal excrement and domestic waste.
8. the autumn according to any one of claim 1 or 7 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that oil cake type fertilizer total nutrient>=10% described in step D, wherein N:P
2o
5: K
2o is 4:2:4, organic>=60%; Amino acid>=5%, humic acid>=5%, effective active bacterium number>=2 × 10 of Trichoderma viride
7/ g.
9. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that N:P in the NPK-Zn-B multi-component composite fertilizer described in step D
2o
5: K
2o is that 8:16:24, Zn, B respectively account for 1.8 ~ 2.2% of multi-component composite fertilizer gross weight.
10. the autumn according to claim 1 sends out plantation and the field management method of the large gold dollar of safflower on mountain red soil, it is characterized in that cigarette strain middle leaf need separate with upper leaf by gathering for the 3rd time described in operation F and gathers.
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| CN105052491A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Method for preventing and treating rhizome disease of flue-cured tobacco Honghua Dajinyuan variety |
| CN105493681A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-20 | 狄正兴 | Sloping field maize horizontal bedding and straw mulching cultivation method |
| CN106332635A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-18 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Drought-resistant and water-saving mountain-land cultivation method of Honghua Dajingyuan Yunyan 87 |
| CN108323398A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-27 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf cultural method and tobacco leaf |
| CN109287423A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-01 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A method of high-nicotine tobacco leaf is cultivated using humic acid and water-soluble amino acid fertilizer |
| CN115104496A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-27 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Cultivation method of Honghuadajinyuan flue-cured tobacco |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105052491A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-18 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Method for preventing and treating rhizome disease of flue-cured tobacco Honghua Dajinyuan variety |
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| CN109287423A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-01 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A method of high-nicotine tobacco leaf is cultivated using humic acid and water-soluble amino acid fertilizer |
| CN115104496A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-27 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Cultivation method of Honghuadajinyuan flue-cured tobacco |
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