CN113261466A - Tea garden planting method - Google Patents
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- CN113261466A CN113261466A CN202110585697.3A CN202110585697A CN113261466A CN 113261466 A CN113261466 A CN 113261466A CN 202110585697 A CN202110585697 A CN 202110585697A CN 113261466 A CN113261466 A CN 113261466A
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- 241000508725 Elymus repens Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000007171 Imperata cylindrica Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of plant planting, and particularly discloses a tea garden planting method. A tea garden planting method comprises the steps that the surface of a tea garden comprises an area A where tea trees are not planted and an area B where the tea trees are planted, mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area A, and mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area B; the sowing time of the cogongrass seeds is after the autumn tea in the current year is finished. The tea garden planting method has the advantage of reducing the influence of high temperature on the yield of the tea trees in summer.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a tea garden planting method.
Background
The tea garden is the area where tea trees are planted. Tea trees are one of important agriculture and crops in China, and the planting area is continuously enlarged.
Nowadays, tea gardens are generally planted on hillsides with the gradient below 30 degrees in the form of tea tree rows arranged at intervals. And (3) applying enough base fertilizer before the seedlings, performing the seedlings in the middle and last ten days of the decade or in the beginning of spring and march of the next year, and performing shaping pruning and annual fertilizer application to obtain the tea trees. Subsequently, additional fertilizer is needed to be applied to the tea garden, mineral nutrition is continuously supplemented, and the tea trees are promoted to be continuously high-quality and high-yield; the fertilizer is mostly applied in the last ten days of 2-3 months, the topdressing of summer tea is performed immediately after the spring tea is finished, and the topdressing of autumn tea is generally applied before and after 'dry land'.
The highest temperature in summer every year is rising nowadays, so that the conditions of low water content and high temperature of tea tree planting soil are more and more serious, and the yield of tea trees can be directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the influence of high temperature on the yield of tea trees in summer, the application provides a tea garden planting method.
The application provides the following technical scheme: a tea garden planting method comprises the steps that the surface of a tea garden comprises an area A where tea trees are not planted and an area B where the tea trees are planted, mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area A, and mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area B; the sowing time of the cogongrass seeds is after the autumn tea in the current year is finished.
By adopting the technical scheme, the common fescue is a cold-season grass variety, the growing period is from late autumn to the second year and early summer, and the growth of the young tea plant is generally started in spring for 3 months and continued until 9-10 months in autumn. The growth period of the mouse couch grass is partially overlapped with that of the tea tree, but on one hand, 87.5 percent of the biomass of the thin roots of the mouse couch grass is distributed in a soil layer of 0-20cm, while the tea tree is a perennial crop, and the root system is distributed deeply and can reach more than 100 cm.
According to the scheme, the lemongrass seeds are sown in the area A and the area B, the lemongrass in the area A can cover directly naked soil and reduce the growth of weeds, and the lemongrass in the area B and the lemongrass can cover partial soil and reduce the temperature rise and water loss of the soil. In addition, after the autumn tea is finished, the cogongrass can grow independently, nutrient competition with tea trees is avoided, normal growth of the cogongrass and the tea trees is guaranteed, and the cogongrass can be used in a covering mode in the later period.
The erectility of the common fescue is weak, the common fescue covers soil like a blanket after being laid down, the temperature of the tea garden soil can be obviously reduced in summer, and the soil moisture is improved; in addition, the temperature and the humidity of the early spring soil can be improved, and the early germination of tea tree buds and leaves is facilitated. The cogongrass plants are dense, a large amount of fresh grass can be produced per mu, the underground root system quantity is large, the plants directly enter soil after rotting, nutrients are provided for tea trees, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved. Can also inhibit the growth of weeds and reduce the use of herbicides. In the aspect of appreciation, the stems and leaves of the mouse couch grass are fine and grow regularly, and the mouse couch grass has certain appreciation if a green blanket covers a tea garden.
Tests show that the summer tea yield of the tea garden can be increased by about 2 percent, and the summer tea yield can be increased by about 1.5 percent in spring.
Further, base fertilizer is applied to the area B in winter in the current year, germination accelerating fertilizer is applied in 2-3 months in the next year, and summer tea topdressing is applied after spring tea is finished.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tea trees are normally fertilized without increasing the fertilizing amount due to the addition of the lemongrass, so that the deficiency caused by overlapping time and nutrient competition between the tea trees and the lemongrass is sufficiently made up, and the increase of fertilizer components is avoided.
Further, after 3-5 days of continuous precipitation in plum rain season in the 6-7 months of the year, the A area is covered for 12-36h by using a lightproof covering material.
By adopting the technical scheme, experiments show that the yield of the autumn tea can be improved.
The reasons may be: after the plum rain season of 6-7 months, the lemongrass in the area A is covered, the photosynthesis is reduced, the soil is humidified, and the moisture on the surface of the lemongrass and the moisture in the area A are infiltrated into the soil, so that the water content of the soil is improved; in addition, because the covering is carried out in 6-7 months, which is exactly the growth period of summer tea, after the humidity in the soil is improved, the root system of the common fescue is easy to rot, and simultaneously, the microbial activity is high, and the total amount of humus in the soil is greatly improved after the common fescue is decomposed, so that nutrients are provided for the growth of the summer tea.
Further, coverage of area A begins within 1-2 days after 3-5 days of continuous precipitation in the plum rain season in the 6-7 months of the year.
By adopting the technical scheme, experiments show that the yield of the autumn tea can be further improved.
Furthermore, the covering material consists of a breathable layer and a covering layer, and the covering layer is uniformly provided with breathable holes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air holes can realize the exchange of internal and external air and water during covering. As can be seen from the experiment, the yield of the autumn tea can be further improved.
Furthermore, the area of a single air vent is 40-80cm2The open density of the air holes is 10-25 pieces/m2。
By adopting the technical scheme, the parameters of the air holes are optimized, and experiments show that the yield of the autumn tea can be further improved.
Furthermore, the sowing quantity of the festuca arundinacea seeds in the area A is 1-2 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the seeding amount of the lemongrass in the range can provide enough fresh grass amount after growth, and the plants directly enter soil after rotting to provide nutrients for tea trees; simultaneously can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil
Furthermore, the sowing quantity of the Cymbopogon citratus seeds in the B area is 0.15-0.3 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the common vetch grass seeds in the area B mainly play a role in covering the soil in the area B, so that the nutrient competition with tea trees is reduced as much as possible, the effects of cooling and humidifying the soil are improved, and the quality of the whole soil of the tea garden in the growth period of the new tips of the tea trees is improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preferred mode of planting jointly of mouse cogongrass and tea tree that adopts in this application, drill mouse cogongrass kind at the A regional row that does not plant the tea tree, broadcast mouse cogongrass kind at the B regional row that plants the tea tree, improve the temperature and the humidity of spring soil to reduce summer soil temperature and improve soil humidity, reach summer tea production increase 3% more than, the effect of spring production increase more than 2%.
2. In the application, base fertilizer is preferably applied to the tea tree area in winter in the current year, germination accelerating fertilizer is applied in 2-3 months in the next year, and summer tea topdressing is applied after spring tea is finished, so that the deficiency caused by overlapping time and nutrient competition between the tea tree and the cymbopogon citratus is made up, and the increase of fertilizer components is avoided.
3. In the application, the area A is preferably covered after the plum rain season of 6-7 months in the next year, so that the total amount of humus is increased, and nutrients are provided for the growth of summer tea.
4. In the present application, it is preferable to start the coverage of the area a within 1 to 2 days after the plum rain season, further improving the tea yield.
Detailed Description
Examples
Example 1: a tea garden planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the tea garden surface comprises an area A where tea trees are not planted and an area B where tea trees are planted, after autumn tea is finished in the current year (in 10-month middle ten), the area A is sown with 0.8 kg/mu of cymbopogon flexuosus seeds, and the area B is sown with 0.1 kg/mu of cymbopogon flexuosus seeds.
Step two: applying base fertilizer to the area A in No. 25/10 month of the year, ditching and deeply applying the area A at a position which is about 30-35cm away from the root of the tea tree by adopting a ditch application mode, applying the base fertilizer and then covering soil; the base fertilizer is formed by evenly stirring 10kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu.
Step three: in the beginning of 3 months (No. 3 month 5) in the next year, topdressing is carried out on the area A, a furrow application mode is adopted, furrowing and deep application is carried out at a position which is about 30-40cm away from the root of the tea tree, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring 10kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu. Picking two leaves from the bottom of 4 months (No. 4 month 25) to obtain spring tea.
Step four: at the bottom of 5 months (No. 5 month 25), topdressing is carried out on the area A, a furrow application mode is adopted, furrowing and deep application are carried out at a position which is about 30-40cm away from the root of the tea tree, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring 10kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu. Picking two leaves of one bud at the beginning of 7 months (No. 7 month 10) to obtain summer tea.
Step five: in ten days in the middle 7 th month (No. 18 in 7 months), topdressing is carried out on the area A, a ditch application mode is adopted, ditching and deep application are carried out at a position which is about 30-40cm away from the root of the tea tree, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring 10kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium chloride, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu. Picking two leaves of one bud at the bottom of 9 months (No. 9 month 25) to obtain autumn tea.
Example 2: a tea garden planting method is different from the tea garden planting method in example 1 in that the sowing amount of the Cymbopogon citratus seeds in the area A is 1 kg/mu.
Example 3: a tea garden planting method is different from the tea garden planting method in example 1 in that the sowing amount of the common fescue seeds in the area A is 0.15 kg/mu.
Example 4: a tea garden planting method, which is different from the embodiment 2 in that:
step five: the first day after 3 days of continuous rainfall in the plum rain season of 6-7 months, the murine thatch on area B was covered with the covering material for 12 hours. Then, in the middle 7 th month (No. 18 7 month), topdressing is carried out on the area A; and if the covering time is later than 7 months and 18 days, topdressing is carried out after 2 days.
The covering material was a black PET film purchased from new tauao materials ltd, Dongguan city, with a specification of 0.15 mm.
Example 5: a tea garden planting method, which is different from the embodiment 2 in that:
step five: the first day after 5 days of continuous rainfall in the plum rain season of 6-7 months, the murine thatch on area B was covered with the covering material for 18 hours. And then, in middle 7 th (No. 18, 7), topdressing is carried out on the area A.
The covering material is a black PE film, the black PE film is purchased from a Maxam plastic product processing factory in the Tongan area of the city of the mansion, and the specification is 0.015 mm.
Example 6: a tea garden planting method, which is different from the embodiment 5 in that: in step five, the black PE film covers the mouse couch grass on the B area for 36 hours.
Example 7: a tea garden planting method, which is different from the embodiment 5 in that: and step five, covering the cogongrass on the area B with a black PE film on the next day after continuous rainfall for 5 days in the plum rain season of 6-7 months.
Example 8: a tea garden planting method, which is different from the embodiment 5 in that: and step five, covering the cogongrass on the area B with a black PE film on the third day after continuous rainfall for 5 days in the plum rain season of 6-7 months.
Example 9: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 8 in that: the covering material consists of non-woven fabric and black PE film, and the black PE film is uniformly provided with 10cm area2The air holes are arranged with the density of 50/m2。
The nonwoven fabric is purchased from PET skeleton nonwoven fabric of Shandong Runyang environmental protection science and technology Limited, and has specification of 30g/m2。
Example 10: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 8 in that: the covering material is composed of non-woven fabric and blackA black PE film with an area of 100cm2The air holes are arranged with the density of 20/m2。
The non-woven fabric is obtained from CMY-SCB0008 full cotton spunlace non-woven fabric of Chianminyu textile Co., Ltd, Dongguan city, and has a specification of 40g/m2。
Example 11: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 9 in that: the area of the vent hole is 40cm2The open density of air holes is 25/m2。
Example 12: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 9 in that: the area of the air vent is 80cm2The open density of air holes is 10/m2。
Example 13: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 11 in that: in the first step, the sowing quantity of the area A is 1.8 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity of the area B is 0.3 kg/mu.
Example 14: a tea garden planting method, which is different from example 11 in that: in the first step, the sowing quantity of the area A is 2 kg/mu, and the sowing quantity of the area B is 0.25 kg/mu.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: the difference from example 1 is that step one is not performed.
Comparative example 2: the difference from example 1 is that in step one, the B area was not broadcast with the murine Imperata species.
Characterization test:
1. yield test
Test subjects: examples 1-14 and comparative examples 1-2, for a total of 16 planting methods.
The test method comprises the following steps: at least 16 acres of land are drawn out of the tea garden for testing, and at least ten meters are arranged between every two adjacent acres of land for testing. Planting is carried out on 16 mu of land corresponding to 16 groups of planting methods respectively. The fresh weight of spring tea, summer tea and autumn tea picked per mu of land in 2019 is recorded, and the picking of the spring tea, the summer tea and the autumn tea is carried out according to the standard of one bud and two leaves.
The method comprises the steps of planting 16 groups of plants in 10 months in 2019 for 16 mu of land, picking spring tea and summer tea in 2020, weighing fresh weights, and calculating and recording the yield increase rate of 2019 per mu of land as (fresh weight in 2020-fresh weight in 2019)/fresh weight in 2019.
And (3) test results: the results of the yield testing are reported in table 1.
TABLE 1 record of the results of the yield test
And (3) data analysis: as can be seen from the data in Table 1, spring tea, summer tea and autumn tea all had a certain amount of yield increase. In addition, in the yield increase data of spring tea and summer tea, the best examples 13-14 are that the spring tea can reach 1.7-1.8%, and the summer tea can reach 2.3-2.5%; secondly, in examples 1-12, spring tea can reach 1.2-1.6%, and summer tea can reach 1.8-2.1%. In the yield increasing data of autumn tea, the sequence from good to bad is as follows: examples 11 to 14, examples 9 to 10, examples 7 to 8, examples 4 to 6 and examples 1 to 3, most preferably up to 2.5%.
Comparing example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, comparative example 1 has almost no yield increase, and comparative example 2 does not broadcast the cogongrass species in the B region, and the yield increase is reduced compared with example 1; the planting and planting mode of the mouse couch grass has obvious positive effects on the yield increase of the spring tea and the summer tea. The erectility of the common fescue is weak, the common fescue covers soil like a blanket after being laid down, the temperature of the tea garden soil can be obviously reduced in summer, and the soil moisture is improved; in addition, the temperature and the humidity of the early spring soil can be improved, and the early germination of tea tree buds and leaves is facilitated. The cogongrass plants are dense, a large amount of fresh grass can be produced per mu, the underground root system quantity is large, the plants directly enter soil after rotting, nutrients are provided for tea trees, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved. In addition, the tea trees are normally fertilized without increasing the fertilizing amount due to the addition of the cogongrass.
Comparing examples 4-6 with example 2, the coverage treatment of the area B is increased, and the yield of autumn tea can be improved. The reasons may be: after the plum rain season of 6-7 months, the lemongrass in the area A is covered, the photosynthesis is reduced, the soil is humidified, and the moisture on the surface of the lemongrass and the moisture in the area A are infiltrated into the soil, so that the water content of the soil is improved; in addition, because the covering is carried out in 6-7 months, which is exactly the growth period of summer tea, after the humidity in the soil is improved, the root system of the common fescue is easy to rot, and simultaneously, the microbial activity is high, and the total amount of humus in the soil is greatly improved after the common fescue is decomposed, so that nutrients are provided for the growth of the summer tea.
Comparing examples 7-8 and example 5, the time points for the coating are further defined, further improving the yield of autumn tea; the reasons may be: at this time, the moisture on the surface of the lemongrass and the soil surface is evaporated, and the moisture is controlled to an appropriate amount before the covering material is covered, thereby controlling the moisture in the soil and promoting the generation of humus organic matter. Examples 9-10 the coating material was defined on the basis of example 8, further improving the yield of autumn tea; the reasons may be: the air holes can add the exchange of internal and external water and gas, accelerate the decomposition of the mouse couch grass by the microorganisms and further control the effective and continuous decomposition of the microorganisms. Examples 11-12 further define the parameters of the ventilation holes on the basis of example 9, and further improve the yield of the autumn tea.
Examples 13 to 14 define the seeding density of the lemongrass on the basis of example 11, and have a small effect on the yield of autumn tea, but have a yield-increasing effect on summer tea and spring tea.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A tea garden planting method is characterized in that the tea garden ground surface comprises an area A where tea trees are not planted and an area B where the tea trees are planted, mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area A, and the mouse couch grass seeds are sown in the area B; the sowing time of the cogongrass seeds is after the autumn tea in the current year is finished.
2. The tea garden planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein base fertilizer is applied to the area B in winter of the current year, germination accelerating fertilizer is applied in 2-3 months of the next year, and summer tea top dressing is applied after the end of spring tea.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area a is covered with a light impermeable covering material for 12 to 36 hours after 3 to 5 days of continuous precipitation in the plum rain season in the following 6 to 7 months of the year.
4. A method of growing a tea garden as claimed in claim 3, wherein coverage of area a begins within 1-2 days after 3-5 days of continuous precipitation in the plum rain season in the following 6-7 months of the year.
5. The tea garden planting method according to claim 1, wherein the covering material is composed of a breathable layer and a covering layer, and the covering layer is uniformly provided with breathable holes.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the single air hole is 40-80cm2The open density of the air holes is 10-25 pieces/m2。
7. The method for planting a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of the Cymbopogon citratus seeds in the area A is 1-2 kg/mu.
8. The method for planting a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding rate of the B region Cymbopogon citratus seeds is 0.15-0.3 kg/mu.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101658097A (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2010-03-03 | 宋百满 | Freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China |
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