CN112400634B - Single-season hybrid late rice cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating single-season hybrid late rice. The invention provides a cultivation method of single-season hybrid late rice, which comprises the steps of variety selection, seedling raising period, transplanting period, tillering period, tiller controlling period, young ear differentiation period, heading period, grouting and maturing period cultivation management and harvesting. The invention forms a series of complete and scientific single-season hybrid late rice cultivation techniques by selecting high-quality varieties, cultivating strong seedlings, reasonably close planting, managing water and fertilizer in the rice growing periods such as the tillering period and the tillering control period. By utilizing the single-season hybrid late rice cultivation technology, the single-season hybrid late rice yield is 11284.69-12088.80 kg/hm ² The yield is increased by 38.04-53.12%, which is beneficial to popularization and application.

Description

Single-season hybrid late rice cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating single-season hybrid late rice.

Background

The rice is divided into early rice and late rice according to planting season, and the late rice is divided into continuous cropping late rice and single cropping late rice. Compared with continuous cropping late rice, the single-season late rice has obvious growth advantages, such as loose seasons, proper temperature in the seedling raising period, safe and uniform spike in the heading and flowering period, longer grain filling and maturing period, particularly prolonged vegetative growth period, full growth and development of individuals, and contribution to accumulation and conversion of photosynthetic products. The single-cropping late rice yield per unit is higher than that of continuous cropping late rice.

However, in practical production and cultivation applications, the yield level of the single-season late rice is not obviously different from that of the continuous cropping late rice due to the lack of a scientific and systematic single-season late rice cultivation guidance method. In recent decades, with the development of new single-cropping rice regions, the major agronomic techniques thereof are urgently needed to be changed accordingly. How to improve a proper cultivation technology according to the growth characteristics of single-season late rice, give full play to individual growth potential, improve yield and simultaneously facilitate mechanized application and unified management, and form a series of high-yield and high-quality single-season hybrid late rice cultivation methods, which is a problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method of single-season hybrid late rice, which is scientific in management, utilization, popularization and application and can significantly improve the yield of the single-season hybrid late rice.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a single-season hybrid late rice cultivation method comprises the steps of variety selection, seedling raising period management, transplanting period management and fertilizer and water management in each growth period, and comprises the following specific steps:

the rice variety is a high-yield, high-quality and large-spike hybrid rice combination;

adding yellow soil and a seedling raising matrix in a volume ratio of 1-3: 1 into a seedling raising tray in a seedling raising period; the seedling age of the seedling is not more than 25 days;

in the transplanting period, seedlings with flat bases, no yellow leaves, more white roots and developed root systems are selected for transplanting; 1-1.1 million clusters of seeds are planted per mu;

the formulated fertilizer is formulated by using a nitrogen fixation coefficient of 2.0-2.2, wherein the nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium fertilization ratio is 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1; applying base fertilizer to decompose organic fertilizer with the amount of 1400-1600 kg/mu or returning straws to fields in the last season; applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride or applying a rice formula compound fertilizer with the same content 1-2 days before transplanting; in the tillering stage, applying 10 kg/mu of urea 6-7 days after seedling transplantation; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 12-13 days after seedling transplantation; applying strong stalk fertilizer in the tillering stage, wherein 3-4 kg/mu of 15-15% of compound fertilizer is applied; applying spike fertilizers in the young spike differentiation period, wherein the spike fertilizers comprise a flower promoting fertilizer and a flower protecting fertilizer, applying the flower promoting fertilizer when four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, applying 10-15 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer, applying the flower protecting fertilizer when two leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and applying 7.5-10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer;

keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after transplanting in a transplanting period, and keeping the heart leaves from flooding to green turning and survival within 3-5 days; intermittently irrigating the field in the tillering stage for 2-3 days after exposing the field, and then irrigating for 3-5 cm; in the tillering control stage, when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the target effective spike number, the field is put in time, and the field is put in a plurality of times; irrigating a deep water layer by 8-10 cm in the field at the young ear differentiation period until the water layer naturally falls off, and timely irrigating after the water layer falls off for 2-3 days; keeping the deep water layer more than 10cm in the field in the heading period; and (3) performing dry-wet alternation in the grouting period, adding water in the field, naturally drying after 2-3 days, ventilating in the open field for 2-3 days, and adding water.

Preferably, the cultivation method of the single-season hybrid late rice further comprises the steps of selecting a sunny day when the rice in the field is more than nine times ripe, and mechanically harvesting after dew is dried.

Preferably, the rice varieties are Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 1540 hybrid rice.

Preferably, yellow soil and seedling raising matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1 are added into the seedling raising tray; the seedling raising substrate consists of 60 percent of grass carbon, 25 percent of mushroom dregs, 10 percent of wine dregs and 5 percent of water retention material in percentage by weight; the seedling age of the seedling is 18-20 days.

Preferably, the seedling raising is seeding in 5 middle ten days, and the seeding is carried out in different periods, wherein 4-5 days is one period; sun-seeding for one day before sowing, and soaking and sowing after 3-5 days; the seeding amount is 1.25-1.5 kg per mu of land.

Preferably, the ratio of the area of the seedling raising field to the area of the field in the seedling raising period is 1: 80-100.

Preferably, soil conditioning is carried out on the field before transplanting, the pH value of the soil is below 6.0, quicklime or a soil conditioner is spread before plowing to adjust soil acidification, and 60-75 kg of quicklime or 40-60 kg of the soil conditioner is spread per mu with the pH value of 5.5-6.0.

Preferably, 3-4 seedlings are planted in each colony of field and 4-4.5 thousands of seedlings are planted in each mu of field.

Preferably, the nitrogen determining coefficient is determined according to the soil fertility, and when the soil fertility level is a first level or a second level, the nitrogen determining coefficient is 2.0; when the soil fertility level is three or four, the nitrogen determining coefficient is 2.1; when the soil fertility is five to seven grades, the nitrogen determining coefficient is 2.2.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology for single-season hybrid late rice, which fully develops the production potential of the single-season hybrid late rice by selecting high-quality and high-yield varieties and cultivating seeds; according to the fertility characteristics of the selected variety, the proper cultivation technology is improved, the individual growth potential is fully exerted, the yield is improved, and the mechanized application and unified management are easy to realize, so that the yield of the single-season hybrid late rice reaches 11284.69-12088.80 kg/hm ² The yield is increased by 38.04-53.12%.

Detailed Description

In recent decades, with the development of new single-cropping rice regions, the major agronomic techniques thereof are urgently needed to be changed accordingly. Therefore, a series of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technical tests of the single-season hybrid late rice are carried out, and a whole set of cultivation technical scheme is formed.

Variety of one, 2

And (4) variety selection. According to the characteristic characteristics of indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties and the planting conditions of farmers in recent years, the combination with high yield, high quality and larger spike shape is preferably selected, and the combination mainly comprises hybrid rice combinations such as Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 1540. New owners (family farms, cooperative agencies and grain farmers) need to adopt the combination of hybrid rice in different maturity stages for reasonable collocation according to the distribution situation of fields and the convenience of farm operations.

Secondly, cultivating strong seedlings

Preparing a seedling bed (growing tray). The rice seedling bed is preferably a field with high topography, good lighting and convenient irrigation and drainage. The ratio of the seedling bed to the field is 1: 80-100, namely, 1 mu of seedling bed is prepared for 80-100 mu of field. When the seedling is preferably transplanted by a machine, the seedling raising plates are prepared in corresponding quantity according to the specification of the seedling transplanting machine, if the seedling transplanting machine is a nine-inch machine, the seedling raising plates with the quantity of 30 multiplied by 60 are selected, and 16-20 seedling raising plates are prepared per mu; if the transplanter is a seven-inch machine, 25 x 55 breeding trays are selected, and 24-28 breeding trays are prepared per mu.

Preparing yellow soil and seedling raising matrix. A certain amount of yellow soil is prepared in advance for raising seedlings in a tray, and after the yellow soil is air-dried, the yellow soil is ground and sieved, and 4-5 kg of yellow soil is prepared in each tray. For cultivating strong seedlings, the seedling raising is carried out by mixing yellow soil and a seedling raising substrate, wherein the mixing volume ratio is 1-3: 1, and the preferred mixing volume ratio is 2: 1. The seedling raising matrix consists of 60 wt% of grass peat, 25 wt% of mushroom dregs, 10 wt% of wine dregs and 5 wt% of water retention material, and is preferably added with acid regulating agent, bactericide and fertilizer.

Selecting and sun-drying seeds. Selecting the seeds before seed soaking, selecting full and bright seeds, and selecting sunning for one day in sunny days 3-5 days before seed soaking to improve seed vitality.

When seedlings emerge, the seedlings can be selected from a stack tray. And (3) sowing seedling trays by adopting a seedling raising assembly line, stacking the trays to realize seedling emergence in dark after sowing, stacking the trays in a centralized manner and covering a film on the upper layer every 20-25 trays, and keeping the same environment. The disc stacking time is 48 hours, and the seedlings are moved to a seedling field for seedling cultivation after the seedlings are all ejected out of the soil by about 1 cm.

And (5) sowing. The sowing time begins in the middle of 5 months, preferably 5 months and 15 days, the staged sowing is carried out, 4-5 days are one period, and the number of the sowing and breeding plates is reasonably determined according to the number and the efficiency of the rice transplanters.

And (4) sowing the seeds. The seed amount used in each mu of field is 1.25-1.5 kg, the seed amount used in each tray of the 30 x 60 cultivation tray is 70-75 g, and the seed amount used in each tray of the 25 x 55 cultivation tray is 50-55 g.

Controlling the seedling age. The seedling age can not exceed 25 days, and mechanical transplanting is further preferably carried out when the seedling age of the mechanical transplanting is 18-20 days.

Seedling strengthening indexes. Whether the seedlings are strong or not directly influences the growth vigor of the transplanted rice field. The strong seedling has flat base, no yellow leaf, more white root and developed root system.

Third, transplanting period

And (4) conditioning soil. Aiming at soil acidification, namely when the pH value is below 6.0, quicklime or a soil conditioner can be spread to adjust soil acidification before plowing, 60-75 kg of quicklime or 40-60 kg of the soil conditioner (soil pH value regulator) is generally applied to 5.5-6.0 mu of land to adjust soil pH value, and the dosage can be properly increased when the pH value is below 5.5.

And (5) turning over in time. And (4) mechanically plowing the field in time 10-15 days before transplanting to promote the decomposition of weeds and straws.

And (5) fertilizing according to the formula. Soil detection is carried out, the fertilizing amount is properly adjusted by using the detection result, and the nitrogen determination coefficient is generally 2.0-2.2 (the pure nitrogen amount required to be absorbed by each 100kg of rice is 2.0-2.2 kg). The nitrogen coefficient of the field with high soil fertility level (first and second grade in table 1) is 2.0. The nitrogen-fixing coefficient of the field with low soil fertility level (five, six and seven levels in the table 1) is 2.2. Reasonably determining the dosage of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer according to the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, wherein the dosage of nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium fertilization is 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1, and medium and trace elements such as silicon, zinc and the like are supplemented as required.

Table 1: soil fertility grading meter

And applying enough base fertilizer. According to the expected yield target, the total amount of the fertilizer application amount is scientifically determined, and generally 500-750 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer can be applied to each mu, straw can be returned to the field in the same season without the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the number of returned field is about 1500 kg/mu. Applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride or dismantling rice formula fertilizer with equivalent purity 1-2 days before transplanting.

And (5) reasonably close planting. Planting 1-1.1 million clusters per mu, transplanting density of a nine-inch transplanter is 30 multiplied by 21cm, and transplanting density of a seven-inch transplanter is 25 multiplied by 24 cm. And (3) keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after transplanting, and keeping the heart leaves from flooding to reviving and surviving within 3-5 days.

Controlling the number of seedlings falling into the field. The number of seedlings in each colony is 3-4, and 4-5 thousands of seedlings in each mu of field. The manually transplanted cluster can be used for transplanting 1 grain seedling, and the non-tillering cluster can be used for transplanting 2 grain seedlings.

Fourthly, tillering stage

And (5) topdressing in time. Timely applying tillering fertilizer after the survival of the transplanted seedlings, and applying 10 kg/mu of urea 6-7 days after the seedlings are transplanted; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 12-13 days after the cuttage.

And (5) managing water slurry. And (3) intermittently irrigating the field in the tillering stage, irrigating for 3-5 cm after exposing the field for 2-3 days, and increasing oxygen to promote tillering of the rice.

Fifthly, tiller controlling stage

And (5) putting the field in time. And (3) when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the target effective spike number, putting the field in time, preferably slightly putting the field for multiple times, reducing the damage of root systems and controlling ineffective tillering.

Is suitable for applying strong stalk fertilizer. After the field is put, the seedlings are seen to apply a proper amount of strong rod fertilizer, for example, rice seedlings fall yellow and 15-15% of compound fertilizer is applied for 3-4 kg/mu, so that the growth of root systems is promoted.

Sixthly, young ear differentiation stage

And (4) applying spike fertilizer skillfully. Applying flower promoting fertilizer when the four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and promoting the differentiation of young ears by using 10-15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the concentration of 15-15-15%; and when the two leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, the seedlings are watched, and the flower fertilizer is applied, and 7.5-10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer is used for facilitating the attack of big ears.

And (5) water slurry management. And (4) irrigating a deep water layer in the field by 8-10 cm until the water layer naturally falls dry, and irrigating in time after the water layer falls dry for 2-3 days.

Seventh, heading stage

And (5) managing water slurry. The deep water layer is kept above 10cm in the field, so that the normal heading of rice plants is prevented from being obstructed due to water shortage.

Eighthly, grouting and setting period

And (5) water slurry management. The field is kept in a wet state all the time to ensure the supply of oxygen and water, the 'running water irrigation' is emphasized, and the alternation of dry and wet, namely the water in the field is naturally dried after 2 to 3 days, and the water is supplied after the field is exposed and ventilated for 2 to 3 days. Increase the soil permeability and keep the activity of the rice root system.

Jiu, timely harvest

And (4) a maturity index. Harvesting when the rice is more than nine times ripe.

And (4) harvesting time. And (4) selecting sunny weather, and mechanically harvesting after dew is dry.

Ten, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests

Preferably, the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are carried out in the whole production process of the single-season hybrid late rice under the guidance of plant protection departments and professional monitoring, prediction and forecast early warning.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

(1) Selecting Yongyou 12 as a planting variety;

(2) determining the area of the rice seedling bed according to the ratio of the rice seedling bed to the seed bed of 1: 90;

(3) filling yellow soil and a seedling raising matrix with a volume ratio of 2:1 into the seedling raising tray, and mixing to raise seedlings;

(4) selecting full and bright seeds, sunning for 1 day, soaking the seeds after 4 days, and preparing for sowing;

(5) beginning at 15 days in 5 months, performing stage sowing, wherein 5 days is a first stage; the seed consumption per mu of field is 1.5 kg; selecting a 30 x 60 breeding tray for sowing, wherein each tray has 75 g of seeds;

(6) after the seedlings are 20 days old, seedlings with flat bases, no yellow leaves, more white roots and developed root systems are selected for transplanting;

(7) before transplanting, soil conditioning is carried out according to the pH value of soil, when the pH value is below 6.0, quicklime or a soil conditioner is spread before ploughing, and 60-75 kg of quicklime or 40-60 kg of the soil conditioner (soil pH value regulator) is spread for 5.5-6.0 mu of soil;

(8) mechanically plowing the field 15 days before transplanting;

(9) establishing a formula fertilization scheme, and establishing the fertilization amount according to the fertility levels of different plots by using a nitrogen determination coefficient of 2.0-2.2, wherein the nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium fertilization ratio is 1:0.5: 1;

(10) applying a base fertilizer: applying 750 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu;

(11) applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 1 day before transplanting;

(12) transplanting 1.05 million clusters per mu, keeping 4cm water layer after transplanting, and keeping the heart leaves from flooding to green turning and surviving within 4 days;

(13) 3 seedlings are planted in each colony, and 3.15 thousands of seedlings are planted in each mu of the colony;

(14) immediately applying tillering fertilizer after the survival of the transplanted seedlings, and applying 10 kg/mu of urea 6 days after the seedlings are transplanted; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 12 days after the transplanting;

(15) intermittently irrigating the field in the tillering stage for 2 days, and then irrigating for 4 cm;

(16) when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the effective spike number of the target, putting the seedlings in the field in time;

(17) after the field is put, rice seedlings fall to yellow and are applied with 3 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer;

(18) applying flower promoting fertilizer when the four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and promoting the differentiation of young ears by using 10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer; when the leaves are fallen to the tip, the seedlings are seen, and the flower fertilizer is applied, and 7.5 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer is used;

(19) irrigating a deep water layer of 8cm in the field in the young ear differentiation period until the water layer naturally falls dry, and irrigating in time after the water layer falls dry for 2 days;

(20) keeping the deep water layer more than 10cm in the field in the heading period;

(21) in the grouting setting period, the field is kept in a wet state all the time to ensure the supply of oxygen and water, the 'running water irrigation' is emphasized, and the alternation of dry and wet, namely the water in the field is naturally dried after 2 days, and the water is supplied after the field is exposed and ventilated for 2 days;

(22) when the paddy is more than ninety percent ripe in the field, the paddy is harvested mechanically in sunny weather after dew is dried.

Example 2

(1) Selecting Yongyou 12 as a planting variety;

(2) determining the area of the rice seedling bed according to the ratio of the rice seedling bed to the seed bed of 1: 80;

(3) filling yellow soil and a seedling raising matrix in a volume ratio of 1:1 into the seedling raising tray, mixing, and raising seedlings;

(4) selecting full and bright seeds, sunning for 1 day, soaking the seeds after 3 days, and preparing for sowing;

(5) beginning in 5 months and 10 days, performing stage sowing, wherein 5 days is a first stage; the seed consumption per mu of field is 1.5 kg; selecting 25 x 55 breeding trays, wherein each tray contains 55 g of seeds;

(6) after the seedlings are 18 days old, seedlings with flat bases, no yellow leaves, more white roots and developed root systems are selected for transplanting;

(7) before transplanting, soil conditioning is carried out according to the pH value of soil, when the pH value is below 6.0, quicklime or a soil conditioner is spread before ploughing, and 60-75 kg of quicklime or 40-60 kg of the soil conditioner (soil pH value regulator) is spread in an acre with the pH value of 5.5-6.0;

(8) mechanically plowing the field in time 10 days before transplanting;

(9) establishing a formula fertilization scheme, and establishing the fertilization amount according to the fertility levels of different plots by using a nitrogen determination coefficient of 2.0-2.2, wherein the nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium fertilization ratio is 1:0.4: 0.8;

(10) applying a base fertilizer: applying decomposed organic fertilizer 500 kg/mu per mu;

(11) applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 2 days before transplanting;

(12) 1 ten thousand clusters of seeds are planted per mu, a water layer of 3cm is kept after the seedlings are planted, and the heart leaves are not flooded within 3 days until the seedlings turn green and survive;

(13) 4 seedlings are planted in each cluster of the field, and 4 thousands of seedlings are planted in each mu of field;

(14) timely applying tillering fertilizer after the survival of the transplanted seedlings, and applying 10 kg/mu of urea 7 days after the seedlings are transplanted; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 13 days after the transplanting;

(15) intermittently irrigating in the tillering stage, and irrigating for 5cm after exposing for 3 days;

(16) when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the target effective spike number, the field is put in time;

(17) after the field is put, rice seedlings fall to the yellow field and are fertilized with 4 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer;

(18) applying flower promoting fertilizer when the four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and promoting the differentiation of young ears by 15 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer; when the leaves are fallen to the tip, the seedlings are seen and the flower protection fertilizer is applied, 10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer is used;

(19) irrigating a deep water layer of 10cm in the field in the young ear differentiation period until the water layer naturally falls dry, and irrigating in time after the water layer falls dry for 3 days;

(20) keeping a deep water layer for more than 10cm in the field in the heading period;

(21) in the grouting and fructification period, the field is always kept in a wet state to ensure the supply of oxygen and water, the 'running water irrigation' is emphasized, and the alternation of dryness and wetness is realized, namely water in the field is naturally dried after 3 days, and water is added after the field is exposed for 3 days;

(22) when the paddy is more than ninety percent ripe in the field, the paddy is harvested mechanically in sunny weather after dew is dried.

Example 3

(1) Selecting Yongyou 1540 as a planting variety;

(2) determining the area of the seedling bed according to the ratio of the seedling bed to the main bed of 1: 100;

(3) filling yellow soil and a seedling raising matrix in a volume ratio of 3:1 into the seedling raising tray, and mixing to raise seedlings;

(4) selecting full and bright seeds, sunning for 1 day, soaking the seeds after 3-5 days, and preparing for sowing;

(5) beginning in 20 days in 5 months, performing stage sowing, wherein one stage is 4 days; the seed consumption per mu of field is 1.5 kg; sowing in 30 x 60 cultivation trays with 75 g of seeds in each tray;

(6) after the seedlings are 21 days old, seedlings with flat bases, no yellow leaves, more white roots and developed root systems are selected for transplanting;

(7) before transplanting, soil conditioning is carried out according to the pH value of soil, when the pH value is below 6.0, quicklime or a soil conditioner is spread before ploughing, and 60-75 kg of quicklime or 40-60 kg of the soil conditioner (soil pH value regulator) is spread in an acre with the pH value of 5.5-6.0;

(8) mechanically plowing the field 15 days before transplanting;

(9) establishing a formula fertilization scheme, and establishing the fertilization amount according to the fertility levels of different plots by using a nitrogen determination coefficient of 2.0-2.2, wherein the nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium fertilization ratio is 1:0.5: 1;

(10) applying a base fertilizer: returning the straws in the first quarter to the field, wherein the returning quantity is 1500 kg/mu;

(11) applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 1 day before transplanting;

(12) planting 1.1 million clusters per mu, keeping a 4cm water layer after transplanting, and not submerging the heart leaves until the leaves turn green and survive within 4 days;

(13) 4 seedlings are planted in each colony, and 4.4 thousands of seedlings are planted in each mu of the colony;

(14) timely applying tillering fertilizer after transplanting survival, and applying 10 kg/mu of urea 6 days after transplanting; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 12 days after the transplanting;

(15) intermittently irrigating the field in the tillering stage for 2 days, and then irrigating for 4 cm;

(16) when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the target effective spike number, the field is put in time;

(17) after the field is put, rice seedlings fall to the yellow field and are fertilized with 3 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer;

(18) applying flower promoting fertilizer when the four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and promoting the differentiation of young ears by using 10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer; when the leaves are fallen to the tip, the seedlings are seen and the flower protection fertilizer is applied, and 7.5 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer is used;

(19) irrigating a deep water layer of 9cm in the field in the young ear differentiation period until the water layer naturally falls dry, and timely irrigating after 2 days of falling dry;

(20) keeping a deep water layer for more than 10cm in the field in the heading period;

(21) in the grouting setting period, the field is kept in a wet state all the time to ensure the supply of oxygen and water, the 'running water irrigation' is emphasized, and the alternation of dry and wet, namely the water in the field is naturally dried after 2 days, and the water is supplied after the field is exposed and ventilated for 2 days;

(22) when the paddy is more than ninety percent ripe in the field, the paddy is harvested mechanically in sunny weather after dew is dried.

Example 4

The yield of the single-season hybrid late rice demonstration formula and the yield of the single-season hybrid late rice are compared in Taizhou city of Zhejiang in 2015 to 2018, and the yield results are as follows:

it can be seen that the yield of the single-season hybrid late rice can be increased by 38.04% -53.12% by using the cultivation method of the single-season hybrid late rice, and the yield of the single-season late rice is obviously increased.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for cultivating single-season hybrid late rice is characterized by comprising the steps of variety selection, seedling cultivation period management, transplanting period management and fertilizer and water management in each growth period;

the single-season hybrid late rice variety is a high-yield, high-quality and large-spike hybrid rice combination;

yellow soil and a seedling raising matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1 are added into the seedling raising tray in the seedling raising period; the seedling raising substrate consists of 60 wt% of grass carbon, 25 wt% of mushroom dregs, 10 wt% of wine dregs and 5 wt% of water retention material; the seedling age of the seedling raising period is 18-20 days;

in the transplanting period, transplanting seedlings with flat bases, no yellow leaves, more white roots and developed root systems; 1-1.1 ten thousand clusters of seeds are planted per mu;

and (3) preparing fertilizer by using a nitrogen fixation coefficient of 2.0-2.2, wherein the nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium fertilization proportion is 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1; applying 500-750 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer or returning straws to the field in the last season, wherein the returning quantity is 1400-1600 kg/mu; applying 30 kg/mu of ammonium bicarbonate, 25 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride or rice formula compound fertilizer with the same content 1-2 days before transplanting; in the tillering stage, applying 10 kg/mu of urea 6-7 days after seedling transplantation; applying 10 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of potassium chloride 12-13 days after seedling transplantation; applying strong rod fertilizer in the tillering control stage, wherein 3-4 kg/mu of 15-15% of compound fertilizer is applied; applying spike fertilizers in the young spike differentiation period, wherein the spike fertilizers comprise a flower promoting fertilizer and a flower protecting fertilizer, applying the flower promoting fertilizer when four leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, applying 10-15 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer, applying the flower protecting fertilizer when two leaves are poured and the tip is exposed, and applying 7.5-10 kg/mu of 15-15% compound fertilizer;

keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm after transplanting in a transplanting period, and keeping the heart leaves from flooding to green turning and survival within 3-5 days; intermittently irrigating water in the field in the tillering stage, and irrigating the water for 3-5 cm after 2-3 days of field exposure; in the tiller control stage, when the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the target effective spike number, the field is put in time; irrigating a deep water layer by 8-10 cm in the field at the young ear differentiation period until the water layer naturally falls off, and timely irrigating after the water layer falls off for 2-3 days; keeping a deep water layer for more than 10cm in the field in the heading period; and (3) performing dry-wet alternation in a grouting period, adding water in the field for the first time, naturally drying after 2-3 days, ventilating in the open field for 2-3 days, and adding water.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising selecting a sunny day when the rice is more than ninety percent ripe in the field, and mechanically harvesting after dew is dry.

3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice variety selected is Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 1540 hybrid rice of big ear type.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling raising is performed in 5-month middle ten days, the staged sowing is performed, and the period is 4-5 days; sun-seeding for one day before sowing, and soaking and sowing after 3-5 days; the seeding rate is 1.25-1.5 kg per mu of field.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the area of the seedling raising field to the area of the main field in the seedling raising period is 1: 80-100.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the soil of the field is conditioned before transplanting, the pH of the soil is 6.0 or less, the acidification of the soil is adjusted by spreading quicklime or a soil conditioner before plowing, and 60 to 75kg of quicklime or 40 to 60kg of a soil conditioner is applied to 5.5 to 6.0 acres.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the number of seedlings per colony is 3 to 4, and the number of seedlings per acre is 3 to 4.5 ten thousand.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fixation coefficient is determined according to soil fertility, and when the soil fertility level is first or second grade, the nitrogen fixation coefficient is 2.0; when the soil fertility level is three or four, the nitrogen determining coefficient is 2.1; when the soil fertility is five to seven grades, the nitrogen determining coefficient is 2.2.