CN112425463A - Planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping - Google Patents
Planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping, which comprises the following steps: (1) after seedling pulling of the previous crops, forming small high ridges every 70-80 cm, paving a drip irrigation pipe on each small high ridge, and paving 3-4 drip irrigation pipes in the row space of every two small high ridges for planting garlic seedlings; (2) planting cucumbers on small high ridges in a single row; (3) planting garlic sprouts in a field manner after the cucumbers are planted for 5-7 d; (4) opening the drip irrigation pipe between garlic sprout lines once every 10-12 d; opening the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge once every 16-18 d; (5) the garlic sprouts grow for 30-40 d, and the first knife is harvested when the overground part is 20-25 cm, and the second knife is harvested after 30-35 d; (6) removing residual garlic bulbs among the rows, exchanging garlic sprout cultivation rows with a field operation management channel, planting the 2 nd-crop garlic sprouts, and keeping the cucumber cultivation management unchanged. The invention reduces the occurrence of cucumber root rot, downy mildew and garlic sprout garlic maggot on the premise of not influencing the respective growth and yield of two crops, and improves the utilization efficiency of soil in a greenhouse.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sunlight greenhouse planting technology, in particular to a sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping planting method.
Background
The cucumber is one of the vegetable crops with the largest cultivation area in China, and due to perennial continuous cropping in a greenhouse, soil-borne diseases are serious, so that the development of the cucumber industry is restricted. The garlic sprouts are popular with Chinese consumers with rich nutritive value, but the garlic maggots are seriously generated in the production process of the garlic sprouts, and the development of the garlic sprout industry is also influenced. Crop rotation and stubble rotation among crops can effectively relieve continuous cropping obstacles, but researches on relay intercropping among crops, particularly on what crops cucumber can relieve soil-borne diseases, and what crops relay intercropping of garlic sprouts can relieve garlic maggots and the like are not reported.
At present, the crops capable of intercropping cucumbers, such as hot peppers, garlic and Chinese chives, are reported in Gansu farmer newspaper, but specific planting methods and parameters are not reported. According to the inspiration of intercropping between cucumbers and garlic and the common knowledge of conventional crop intercropping, an intercropping test of the cucumbers and the garlic is carried out in the early stage of the research, and the discovery that the intercropping between the cucumbers and the garlic can not improve the damage of garlic maggots is found. Garlic and garlic sprouts belong to two different vegetables, the selected varieties, cultivation methods, cultivation seasons and growth time are different, and the effect of reducing cucumber diseases cannot be achieved by intercropping garlic sprouts with cucumbers according to the conventional and known intercropping method.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of early-stage full tests, the invention provides a cultivation mode and a technical development method for intercropping greenhouse cucumbers and garlic sprouts, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of cucumber root rot and downy mildew and the occurrence of garlic sprouts and garlic maggots on the premise of not influencing the respective growth and yield of two crops, and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of soil in a greenhouse.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping comprises the following steps:
(1) after seedling pulling of the previous crops, applying 6000-8000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu in combination with soil preparation; forming small high ridges every 70-80 cm, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm; laying one drip irrigation pipe on each small high ridge, laying 3-4 drip irrigation pipes in the row space of every two small high ridges for planting garlic sprouts, and using the row space without the drip irrigation pipes for a field operation management channel;
(2) cucumber is fixedly planted on the small high ridge in a single row, the planting distance is 30-35 cm, only the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened after the cucumber is fixedly planted, and the water consumption is 4-5 m3Per mu;
(3) after the cucumber is fixedly planted for 5-7 d, garlic seedlings are fixedly planted, the whole garlic is fixedly planted, the plant spacing is 12-15 cm, the row spacing is 15cm, the depth is 5-6 cm, and 3-4 rows are fixedly planted among each row; after planting, all drip irrigation pipes are opened, and the water consumption is 20-25 m3The temperature of the greenhouse is 33-35 ℃ in daytime and 25-28 ℃ at night;
(4) the drip irrigation pipe between garlic sprouts lines is opened once every 10-12 d, and the water amount is 15-18 m each time3Per mu, 10-12 kg/mu of urea is applied with water each time; the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened once every 16-18 d, and the irrigation quantity is 5-6 m each time38-10 kg of potassium sulfate is applied to each mu of land with water each time;
(5) the garlic sprouts grow for 30-40 d, the first knife is harvested when the overground part is 20-25 cm, and the second knife is harvested after the garlic sprouts continue to grow for 30-35 d;
(6) after the garlic sprouts are harvested by the 2 nd cutter, residual garlic bulbs among the rows are removed, the garlic sprout cultivation rows and the field operation management channel are exchanged, second-crop garlic sprouts (the garlic sprouts are fixedly planted among the rows for operation management and the garlic sprouts are fixedly planted among the rows for the cultivation management channel) are fixedly planted on the original cultivation management channel, the cucumber cultivation management is unchanged, and the conventional management is continued.
Furthermore, the garlic sprouts are selected from garlic sprout varieties with large and multiple cloves. The cucumber is selected from varieties with strong disease resistance, less lateral branches or bearing melons on the lateral branches, high yield and high quality.
Furthermore, the seedling age of the cucumber for field planting is 30-35 d, and 2-3 true leaves are used.
Further, the seedling raising method for the cucumber for field planting comprises the following steps: using a 72-hole seedling raising plate, wherein the temperature of the cucumber before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is 30-32 ℃, the temperature of the cucumber before emergence of seedlings in the nighttime is 18-20 ℃, and the humidity of a substrate is kept at 80-90%; after emergence of seedlings, the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 10-12 ℃, and the substrate humidity is 55-75%; the seedlings are planted when growing to 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart.
Further, the seedling substrate for cucumber for field planting is formed by mixing grass carbon and vermiculite with equal volume and is 10 kg/m3Adding bacterial manure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can reduce the occurrence of root diseases, leaf diseases and soil-borne diseases of the cucumber by intercropping the cucumber and the garlic sprout; but also can reduce the occurrence of garlic maggots of garlic sprouts; through reasonable spatial layout, the land utilization rate can be improved, the irrigation water consumption is reduced, and the economic benefit in unit area is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of intercropping garlic sprouts of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the second crop intercropping of garlic sprouts of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-cucumber, 2-small high ridge, 3-garlic sprout and 4-field operation management channel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1
The cucumber is produced in Shijiazhuang agricultural test park by using low-temperature-resistant and weak-light-resistant cucumber, disease-resistant and high-yield cucumber Jinyou No. 36 and garlic sprouts which are 'purple garlic' for ever.
1. Seedling raising
The cucumber is cultivated in plug seedling in 9 months and 10 days, the seedling substrate is turf (V) and vermiculite (V) = 1: 1 (adding bacterial manure 10 kg/m)3). After seed soaking and germination accelerating, the seeds are sowed in a seedling raising tray with 72 holes, 1 particle is planted in each hole, 1 cm-thick vermiculite is covered, and water is poured thoroughly.
2. Management of seedling stage
The humiture environment of the cucumber seedling stage is controlled by an intelligent seedling management system, the temperature of the cucumber seedling stage is 30-32 ℃ in the daytime before seedling emergence, the temperature of the cucumber seedling stage is 18-20 ℃ at night, and the humidity of the substrate is kept at 80-90%; after emergence of seedlings, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, 10-12 ℃ at night and the humidity of the substrate is 55-75%. The seedlings are planted when growing to 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart.
3. Soil preparation and bed making
As shown in figure 1, 6000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu in combined soil preparation, then small high ridges are formed every 70 cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm. One drip irrigation pipe is laid on the small high ridges, 3 drip irrigation pipes are laid in the row space of every two small high ridges and used for planting garlic sprouts, and the row space without drip irrigation pipes is used for field operation management (roads). And (3) covering black mulching films on the small high ridges and the garlic sprout cultivation rows before field planting.
4. Planting
Planting cucumbers on small-height ridges in a single row for 10 months and 15 days, wherein the planting distance is 35 cm, only a drip irrigation pipe on the small-height ridges is opened after planting, and the water consumption is 5m3The temperature of the greenhouse is 33-35 ℃ in daytime and 25-28 ℃ at night; and (4) digging holes on the mulching film after the garlic sprouts are fixedly planted for 10 months and 22 days, and then directly planting the whole garlic in the holes with the plant spacing of 12 cm, the row spacing of 15cm and the depth of 5-6 cm. Planting 3 rows in each row, opening all drip irrigation pipes in the greenhouse after planting, and using 22 m of water3Per mu.
5. Post-planting management
The drip irrigation pipe of the garlic sprout cultivation line after field planting is opened once every 10 days, and the water quantity is 15m every time3Each mu is 10kg of urea applied with water each time; the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened once every 16d, and the irrigation quantity is 5m each time38kg of potassium sulfate is applied to each mu of land along with water each time.
Other management is carried out according to conventional management measures of cucumber and garlic sprouts.
6. Harvesting
The garlic sprouts grow for 30-40 d, the 1 st cutter is harvested when the overground part is 20-25 cm, the 2 nd cutter is harvested after the garlic sprouts continue to grow for 30-35 d, and then residual garlic bulbs in rows are removed. Deeply turning over rows (channel rows) for cultivation management by 15-20cm, transferring drip irrigation pipes of the original garlic sprout cultivation rows to field cultivation rows, paving black mulching films, and planting garlic sprouts at the row intervals, namely: the positions of the garlic sprout cultivation rows and the field operation management rows are exchanged, the garlic sprouts are planted between the rows for operation management, and the rows for previous-stubble garlic cultivation are used for a cultivation management road (as shown in figure 2). And (5) continuing conventional management without changing the cucumber cultivation management.
The cucumbers are picked in time according to the growth conditions, and the seedlings are pulled in the middle and last ten days of the month 5.
Example 2
Cucumber is prepared from low-temperature resistant, weak light resistant and disease resistant Miao 21, and garlic is prepared from perennial white garlic in a fixed test demonstration base.
1. Seedling raising
Culturing cucumber seedlings in 10 days in 9 months, culturing the cucumber seedlings by using a 72-hole disc, wherein the substrate is prepared from turf (V) and vermiculite (V) = 1: 1, the substrate is watered thoroughly before sowing, 1 particle is soaked in the substrate after germination acceleration, and the vermiculite with the thickness of 1 cm is covered on the substrate.
2. Management of seedling stage
The humiture environment of the cucumber seedling stage is controlled by an intelligent seedling management system, the temperature of the cucumber seedling stage is 30-32 ℃ in the daytime before seedling emergence, the temperature of the cucumber seedling stage is 18-20 ℃ at night, and the humidity of the substrate is kept at 80-90%; after emergence of seedlings, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, 10-12 ℃ at night and the humidity of the substrate is 55-75%. The seedlings are planted when growing to 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart.
3. Soil preparation and bed making
As shown in figure 1, 8000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu in combination with land preparation, then a small high ridge is formed at an interval of 80 cm, the distance between the two small high ridges is 50cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 20cm, and the height of the ridge is 15 cm. And (3) paving a drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridges, paving 4 drip irrigation pipes in the row space of every two small high ridges for planting garlic sprouts, and paving the row space without the drip irrigation pipes for field operation management. And (3) covering black mulching films on the small high ridges and the garlic sprout cultivation rows before field planting.
4. Planting
For 10 months and 12 days, cucumbers are fixedly planted on small-height ridges in a single row, the planting distance is 30cm, only drip irrigation pipes on the small-height ridges are opened after the cucumber is fixedly planted, and the water consumption is 4-5 m3Per mu; and (3) after the cucumber is planted for 7 days, planting garlic sprouts, and planting the whole garlic with the plant spacing of 15cm, the row spacing of 15cm and the depth of 5-6 cm. Planting 4 rows in each row, opening all drip irrigation pipes in the greenhouse after planting, and using water of 20-25 m3Per mu.
5. Post-planting management
Garlic sprout inner dropThe irrigation pipe is opened once every 12 days, and the water amount is 15-18 m each time3The urea is applied to each mu at 12kg per mu with water each time; the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened once every 28 days, and the irrigation quantity is 5-6 m each time310kg of potassium sulfate is applied to each mu of land along with water. The pest and disease damage and other management measures are the same as those of conventional management.
6. Harvesting
Harvesting 1 st knife when garlic sprouts grow for 30 d-40 d, harvesting 2 nd knife when the overground part is 20-25 cm, continuously growing the garlic sprouts for 30 d-35 d, deeply turning rows (channel rows) for cultivation and management for 15-20cm, transferring drip irrigation pipes of original garlic sprout cultivation rows to field cultivation rows, paving black mulching films, then planting the garlic sprouts, and exchanging the positions of the garlic sprout cultivation rows and the field operation and management rows, namely: garlic sprouts are planted between the rows for operation management, and the rows for cultivating and managing the garlic in the previous crop are used for cultivating and managing channels (as shown in figure 2). And (5) continuing conventional management without changing the cucumber cultivation management.
The cucumbers are picked in time according to the growth conditions, and the seedlings are pulled in the middle and last ten days of the month 5.
Comparative example 1
Cucumber cultivation alone and garlic shoot cultivation alone in a greenhouse under a conventional management manner were compared with examples 1 and 2 under substantially the same environmental and basic soil conditions.
The cultivation of the cucumber alone is a routine management: the cultivation method is high ridge cultivation, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 80 m, the top of each ridge is 50cm, the interval between every two adjacent ridges is 50cm, 2 drip irrigation pipes are arranged on each ridge, and the film is covered before planting. Planting 2 rows in each ridge at a planting distance of 33 cm for 14 days at 10 months, starting all drip irrigation pipes in the greenhouse after planting, and using water of 20-25 m3Per mu; post-pouring field planting water for 7 days, wherein the water consumption is 5-8 m3And (5) not watering the root melons after each mu until the root melons are harvested. After the root melons are harvested, water is poured for 1 time every 3-5 days according to weather conditions, and N-P is applied every 6-10 days per mu2O5-K25-10 kg of O (18-8-24) compound fertilizer. The pest and disease damage, fertilization and other management measures are the same as those of conventional management.
The cultivation of the garlic sprouts independently is conventional management: the cultivation method is flat furrow cultivation, the furrow width is 1.5-2.0 meters, the furrow spacing is 20-25 cm, the field planting is carried out in the middle and the last ten days of 10 months, the single-petal cultivation is carried out, and the sowing depth is deep3-5 cm, 6-7 cm of plant spacing and 5-8 cm of row spacing, and watering thoroughly after field planting, wherein the water consumption is 30-35 m3Per mu, then watering small water every 5-7 days, 5-8 m each time35kg of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied every 10-14 days per mu. And harvesting after growing for 30-35 d.
The results show that: compared with the cultivation of the cucumber alone (table 1), the incidence rates of cucumber root rot and downy mildew in the examples 1 and 2 are respectively reduced by 74.6% and 57.8%, and 59.9% and 51.7%;
compared with the single garlic sprout cultivation (table 1), the garlic maggot density under the cultivation conditions of the example 1 and the example 2 is greatly reduced compared with the single garlic sprout cultivation, and is reduced from 54 heads per plant to 4 heads and 5 heads on average.
The final planting benefits of the embodiment 1 are respectively improved by 79 percent and 55 percent compared with the single cucumber cultivation and the single garlic sprout cultivation; example 2 the final planting benefit is increased by 69.3% and 46.5% respectively compared with the cucumber cultivation and the garlic sprout cultivation.
TABLE 1 pest and disease occurrence and yield benefits under different cultivation modes
Note: the unit price of cucumber is 2 yuan/kg, garlic sprout is 4.5 yuan/kg, the same as below
Disease index = [ ∑ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest grade value) ] × 100
Incidence = number of diseased plants/total investigated plants × 100%.
Comparative example 2
Under the condition that the environment is basically the same as the basic soil conditions, the cucumber and the garlic are intercropped and cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse, and the method is compared with the method 1 in the embodiment.
In the intercropping cultivation of the cucumbers and the garlics, the soil preparation method and the cucumber cultivation are the same as the embodiment 1, the management modes of the cucumbers and the garlics are all carried out conventionally, the cucumber drip irrigation is started after the cucumber field planting, and the irrigation quantity is 20-25 m3Mu, day temperature, night temperature. Irrigating seedling-reviving water after 7d of field planting, wherein the water consumption is 5-8 m3Per mu. Then until the cucumber root is pickedWatering is not carried out before harvesting, water is watered every 3-5 days after root melons are harvested, and the water consumption is 8-10 m each time3Applying the fertilizer once every 6-10 days for each mu, and applying N-P for each mu every time2O5-K25-10 kg of O (18-8-24) compound fertilizer;
planting garlic in 7d time intervals, dibbling garlic in single clove, and irrigating thoroughly after sowing, wherein the water consumption is 30-35 m3Per mu; topdressing for 1 time in the seedling stage, and 2.5 kg/mu of urea; topdressing is carried out for 1 time in the bulb expansion period, and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 10 kg/mu. Pouring water every 25-30 days, 25-30 m each time3Harvesting garlic heads per mu in 120 days.
During the period, the disease occurrence condition of cucumber and the garlic maggot occurrence condition and the planting benefit are investigated.
The results show that: compared with the method of cucumber-garlic shoot intercropping in example 1, the conventional cucumber-garlic intercropping did not reduce the occurrence of cucumber root rot and downy mildew (table 2), and the garlic maggots of garlic were also severe.
TABLE 2 comparison of cucumber and garlic intercropping cultivation in sunlight greenhouse with example 1
Note: the unit price of garlic is 5 yuan/kg.
Comparative example 3
In the case where the environmental and basic force conditions are substantially the same, the present invention is compared with conventionally known interoperable techniques. Cucumber-garlic sprouts were grown by a conventionally known intercropping technique as a control, in comparison with example 1.
In the conventional intercropping technology, the soil preparation method and the planting are the same as in example 1. After field planting, cucumber cultivation rows are carried out according to cucumber cultivation management (cucumber cultivation management in comparative example 1), and garlic shoot cultivation rows are carried out according to garlic shoot cultivation management (garlic shoot cultivation management in comparative example 1).
The results show (table 3) that in the conventional cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping cultivation, the field humidity is too high due to the asynchronous management of the cucumber and the garlic sprout, cucumber downy mildew is caused and is relatively serious, and meanwhile, the respective management causes unreasonable fertilizer application, and the cucumber sprout grows excessively; meanwhile, the garlic sprout cultivation line and the field cultivation management line are not exchanged in the conventional cultivation, so that the garlic maggots are serious.
TABLE 3 comparison of cucumber-garlic sprout conventional intercropping cultivation in sunlight greenhouse with example 1
Comparative example 4
Under the condition that the environment and the basic soil fertility are basically the same, the cucumber is intercropped with three crops of (1) leeks, (2) lettuces and (3) peppers, and comparison is carried out with the example 1.
The control crop cultivation mode was as follows:
(1) cucumber-leek cultivation:
the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the cucumber is cultivated in the middle ten days of 9 months, field planting is carried out for 15 days in 10 months, field planting is carried out on small high ridges in a single row, the plant spacing is 30cm, and only drip irrigation pipes on the small high ridges are opened after field planting to be watered thoroughly; the Chinese chives are sowed in the beginning of 5 months and are fixedly planted in large row spacing in the middle ten days of 8 months, the row spacing is 15-18 cm, the hole spacing is 10-12 cm, and the depth is about 10 cm. Then, opening the large-row-spacing inner drip irrigation pipe every 5-7 days, and watering the inner drip irrigation pipe at 18-20 m3Per mu. The pest and disease damage and other management measures are the same as those of conventional management.
(2) And (3) cucumber-lettuce cultivation: the soil preparation method is the same as that of example 1, the cucumber is cultivated in the middle ten days of 9 months, field planting is carried out for 15 days of 10 months, single-row field planting is carried out on small-height ridges, the plant spacing is 30cm, only drip irrigation pipes on the small-height ridges are opened after field planting and water is irrigated, the drip irrigation pipes on the small-height ridges are opened every 7-10 days before lettuce field planting, and 6-8 m of each time of watering is carried out3(ii) a Growing seedlings of the lettuce in 10 last ten days, planting the lettuce in 11 last ten days in a large row spacing, ditching and planting, wherein the depth of a ditch is 4-6 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the row spacing is 15 cm; and opening the drip irrigation pipe in the large row spacing for 1 time every 15-20 days. The pest and disease damage and other management measures are the same as those of conventional management.
(3) Cucumber-pepper cultivation: the cultivation method is high ridge cultivation, the width of each ridge is 60 cm, the line spacing is 70 cm, 2 drip irrigation pipes are laid in each ridge, and the film is covered; growing seedlings in the middle of 9 months for cucumber and 8 months for hot pepper, planting in 15 days of 10 months, and fixing two rowsPlanting, wherein the plant spacing is 35 cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the cucumber and the pepper are intercropped; opening all drip irrigation pipes in the greenhouse every 7-10 days, and using water of 10-12 m3. The pest and disease damage and other management measures are the same as those of conventional management.
The results show that: the incidence rates of cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping root rot, downy mildew and powdery mildew are all the lowest, and the economic benefit is the highest.
The cucumber morbidity and economic benefits are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 influence of cucumber on morbidity and economic benefit between different crops
Note: the unit price of cucumber is 2 yuan/kg, leek is 3.8 yuan/kg, lettuce is 2.5 yuan/kg, and pepper is 3.0 yuan/kg.
Disease index = [ ∑ (number of diseased plants at each stage × disease grade value)/(total number of investigated plants × highest grade value) ] × 100
Incidence = number of diseased plants/total investigated plants × 100%.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the cucumber-cucumber planting mode, the cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping planting is carried out for more than 1 year, and the influence on the growth and the yield of the cucumber is shown in the table 5: the plant height of the cucumber is increased by 11.1 percent compared with the control, the fresh weight of the overground part is increased by 5.5 percent, and the yield of the cucumber is increased by 12.2 percent.
TABLE 5 influence of cucumber-garlic shoot intercropping on cucumber growth and yield
The above embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not exhaustive of the possible implementations of the present invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after seedling pulling of the previous crops, applying 6000-8000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu in combination with soil preparation; forming small high ridges every 70-80 cm, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 15-20cm, and the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm; laying one drip irrigation pipe on each small high ridge, laying 3-4 drip irrigation pipes in the row space of every two small high ridges for planting garlic sprouts, and using the row space without the drip irrigation pipes for a field operation management channel;
(2) cucumber is fixedly planted on the small high ridge in a single row, the planting distance is 30-35 cm, only the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened after the cucumber is fixedly planted, and the water consumption is 4-5 m3Per mu;
(3) after the cucumber is fixedly planted for 5-7 d, garlic seedlings are fixedly planted, the whole garlic is fixedly planted, the plant spacing is 12-15 cm, the row spacing is 15cm, the depth is 5-6 cm, and 3-4 rows are fixedly planted among each row; after field planting, all drip irrigation pipes in the field are opened, and the water consumption is 20-25 m3The temperature of the greenhouse is 33-35 ℃ in daytime and 25-28 ℃ at night;
(4) the drip irrigation pipe between garlic sprouts lines is opened once every 10-12 d, and the water amount is 15-18 m each time3Per mu, 10-12 kg/mu of urea is applied with water each time; the drip irrigation pipe on the small high ridge is opened once every 16-18 d, and the irrigation quantity is 5-6 m each time38-10 kg of potassium sulfate is applied to each mu of land with water each time;
(5) the garlic sprouts grow for 30-40 d, the first knife is harvested when the overground part is 20-25 cm, and the second knife is harvested after the garlic sprouts continue to grow for 30-35 d;
(6) and (3) after the garlic sprouts are harvested by the 2 nd cutter, removing residual garlic bulbs among the rows, exchanging garlic sprout cultivation rows with a field operation management channel, fixedly planting second-crop garlic sprouts on an original field management channel, and continuously and conventionally managing cucumber plants.
2. The planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the garlic sprouts are selected from big and big garlic sprout varieties.
3. The planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling age of the cucumber for field planting is 30-35 d, 2-3 true leaves.
4. The planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling method for cucumber for field planting is as follows: the temperature of the cucumber before emergence of seedlings in the daytime is 30-32 ℃, the temperature of the cucumber before emergence of seedlings in the nighttime is 18-20 ℃, and the humidity of the substrate is kept at 80-90%; after emergence of seedlings, the daytime temperature is 25-30 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 10-12 ℃, and the substrate humidity is 55-75%; the seedlings are planted when growing to 2 leaves and 1 heart or 3 leaves and 1 heart.
5. The planting method for sunlight greenhouse cucumber-garlic sprout intercropping as claimed in claim 4, wherein the seedling substrate for the cucumber for field planting is the mixture of grass carbon and vermiculite with equal volume and according to 10 kg/m3Adding bacterial manure.
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