CN101658097A

CN101658097A - Freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China

Info

Publication number: CN101658097A
Application number: CN200810139326A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋百满
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-08-27
Filing date: 2008-08-27
Publication date: 2010-03-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China, which comprises the following steps: firstly, performing inter-row turfing, namely wheat straw turfing, between teaplant rows, covering the wheat straws with earth, and spraying water on the wheat straw, wherein the wheat straws are arranged in a star shape; secondly, applying organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer layer by layer together with the straws to be turfed and filling earth dug out back; and thirdly, applying topdressing at four times, wherein the nitrogen to phosphor to potassium ratio is 3:1:1. The culture method of the invention improves the ecological condition of a tea garden, keeps ground temperature, preserves soil moisture, saves water, preserves and fertilizers the soil, suppressesgrass, promotes roots, increases tea leaf yield, improves tea leaf quality, is simple in operation and easily acceptable to tea farmers and has a promising promotion prospect.

Description

Freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China

Technical field

The present invention relates to the tree plant cultivation field, more specifically relate to the freeze proof cultivation method of a kind of tea tree, especially be suitable for tea district in hills to the north of the Changjiang river.

Background technology

Tealeaves originates from China, is one of the world's three big drinks.The area of tea is very wide, roughly be divided into southwest, south China, the south of the River, four big tea districts, the north of the Changjiang River, wherein tea district in the north of the Changjiang River is arranged in the Changjiang river, the north, downstream, comprises ground such as provinces such as Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong and Wan Bei, northern Suzhou, E Bei, for NORTH CHINA tea district, mainly produce green tea.This tea district average temperature of the whole year is 15-16 degree centigrade, and winter, the absolute minimum air temperature was generally subzero about 10 degrees centigrade.Annual precipitation is less, is about the 700-1000 millimeter, skewness, and tea garden soil is exposed, and this district tea tree often is subjected to freeze injury.

Cause the main cause of tea tree freeze injury to be: (1) soil moisture effective consumption.Bare soil top layer water evaporates is strong, according to surveying and determination, under dry season temperature 28-29 ℃ situation, behind the saturating rain 3 days, 0-30cm soil layer dehydration every day 1.98%, 30-50cm soil layer dehydration every day 0.96% is equivalent to every mu of tea place dehydration every day 11935kg, equals the rainfall that 17.9mm is accepted in every mu of tea place; Behind the saturating rain 4-7 days, every mu of tea place dehydration every day 4475kg was equivalent to the rainfall that 6.7mm is accepted in every mu of tea place; Behind the saturating rain 8-13 days, every mu of tea place dehydration every day 1659kg was equivalent to the rainfall that 2.5mm is accepted in every mu of tea place.(2) area, the north of the Changjiang River easily forms rainwash, causes water and soil loss.Tea garden soil is exposed, makes rainwater directly impact ground, after soil moisture content reaches capacity, easily forms rainwash.According to observations, exposed at tea garden soil, porosity of soil 50%, under the condition of soil moisture content 25%, per hour precipitation 12-15mm will make the tea place produce rainwash, causes water and soil loss.According to observation, year precipitation fate 132 days, and the above fate of daily rainfall 15mm is that raceway groove washes away the soil amount and reaches 671kg/ mu under 31 days the situation, terraced wall washes away the soil amount and reaches 951kg/ mu.(3) soil nutrient effective consumption.Tea garden soil washes away or the leaching soil nutrient because of the exposed water and soil loss meeting that forms.Academy of agricultural sciences, Fujian Province tealeaves research institute has measured the soil sample of red soil children tea place 0-20cm soil layer in age, its soil organic matter content 1 year be 1.79%, the second year be 1.19%, reduce by 0.60 percentage point; Total nitrogen content 1 year be 0.07%, the second year be 0.05%, reduced by 0.02 percentage point.Through converting, the organic matter of every mu of tea place loss approaches the content of organic matter of the bright cow dung of 5000kg.(4) area, north of the Changjiang River frozen soil layer is darker, and the tea place freeze injury is serious.The Juxian County, Shandong Province from autumn end in 1976 in March, 1977, reaching more than 180 day does not have effective sleet, causes whole winter relative moisture lower, January, minimum temperature reached subzero about 20 ℃, tea place bare soil frozen soil layer reaches 37cm, and the tea tree overground part is all freezed to death, and is forced to deep pruning.The frozen soil layer degree of depth and tea place freeze injury degree are proportionate, and in the ranks litter winter and can make the shallow 15-20cm of tea place frozen soil layer.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the freeze proof cultivation method of a kind of north of the Changjiang River tea tree, cultivation method is easy, and is easy to operate, and cost is low, has increased tea yield, has improved tea leaf quality, helps tea district, hills vast to the north of the Changjiang river and produces high-grade high-quality well-known tea.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:

(1) in the ranks litters.Tea place, the north litters mainly and carries out two periods: the one, when early June, summer tea was topdressed for the first time, after shallow plane loosens the soil, every mu of tea place shop wheat straw 2000kg, and with the soil pressure of digging out in the drain ditch on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water; The 2nd, water in early November and to litter when surviving the winter water, after shallow plane loosens the soil, every mu of tea place shop wheat straw 2000kg, and with the soil pressure of digging out in the drain ditch on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water.

(2) application of organic fertilizers adds phosphate fertilizer.In mid-March or early September, dig the dressing furrow of dark 50cm, execute the ratio of farmyard manure 3750kg, pure phosphorus 15kg in the dried tea of every per mu yield 50kg, together with the grass of being spread, layering applies, again with the earthen backfill of digging out.

(3) topdress.Divide and execute for 4 times, execute vernalization fertilizer mid-March, account for 40% of annual fertilizing amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 3: 1: 1, adopt trench digging to execute; Early June, by the end of July and by the end of August execute respectively that summer tea is topdressed for the first time, for the second time and autumn tea before topdress, each fertilizing amount all accounts for 20% of annual fertilizing amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 3: 1: 1, can ditch to spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:

(1) insulation reduces the soil temperature amplitude of variation.The tea place in the ranks litters winter can slow down scattering and disappearing of storing heat in the soil, plays insulation effect, in high 3-7 ℃ of the comparable check plot of its ground temperature between January in December to the coming year then, alleviates the tea place freeze injury.The observed result of 21 pilot blocks is shown. the tea place littered under the face of land, district 5cm place soil temperature and did not more litter and distinguish high 4-5 ℃ winter.The shallow 15-20cm of frozen soil layer thaws at 20 days in advance on date, helps spring tea and sprouts.Summer, the tea place in the ranks littered, and obducent stopping reduced the absorption of soil to heat, the rising that has slowed down ground temperature.According to surveying and determination, litter district's tea place surface temperature summer and more do not litter 5-7 ℃ of district's reduction, postponed 4 days pressing from both sides the leaf one-tenth phase, the normal bud-leaf ratio of summer tea is high by 31%, and tea yield and quality are also higher.(2) soil moisture conservation water saving.Tea garden soil moisture is rising and tea garden soil surface evaporation consumption by the tea tree blade face.The blade face transpiration is wayward, and surface evaporation then can be alleviated by littering measure.After the tea place in the ranks littered, moisture contrasted highly by 6.15% in the 0-10cm soil layer, and moisture contrasts high by 1.98% in the 20-30cm soil layer.(3) protect earth culture fertilizer.The tea place litters the water and soil loss that can reduce the tea place, mountain region in the ranks, keeps the tea place soil layer, and has fertilization effect.Its main cause has: the one, and crops straw rots, decomposes through wind, Exposure to Sunlight, after drenching with rain, and has increased content of humic substances in the tea garden soil, has improved the tea garden soil ability of fostering and apply fertilizer; The 2nd, because soil temperature, humidity suit after littering, help the activity of edaphon, improved the conversion and the accumulation of soil nutrient, promoted tea root to nutrient absorbing and bud-leaf growth; The 3rd, under equal fertilizer application condition, annual every mu of shop wheat straw 2000kg calculates by wheat straw nitrogenous 1%, and be equivalent to every mu and enrich 166.67kg high-quality barnyard manure, or 2.67kg urea; The 4th, the tea place litters the district and does not thicken 9-14cm than not littering district's active soil stratum, and the 0-40cm place soil layer content of organic matter is 2.47%, than do not litter distinguish high 0.% percentage point.(4) press down the short root of grass.The tea place in the ranks litters and can suppress weed growth, and the tea place is basically without cultivation uproot.The tea place litters and can keep soil moisture preferably autumn, helps the new tea root and sprouts.(5) upgrading is increased production and improved productivity.After the tea place in the ranks littered, soil temperature, humidity suited, and have promoted the conversion and the accumulation of soil nutrient, help the tea tree shoot growth, have kept the ratio of tender property of holding of bud-leaf and normal bud-leaf, have improved tea leaf quality.Littering the tea place in the ranks, to produce grade interior tea ratio check plot high 31 percentage points, and tea yield increases by 153.3%, and every mu has a net increase of and receives 335 yuan of people.

In a word, this cultivation method has improved the ecological condition in tea place, insulation, and earth culture fertilizer is protected in the soil moisture conservation water saving, presses down the short root of grass, has increased tea yield, has improved tea leaf quality, and simple to operate, is accepted by the tea grower easily, and fabulous popularizing application prospect is arranged.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

A kind of freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China, it comprises the following steps:

(1) in the ranks litters.The one, in early June, shallow plane loosens the soil,, shop, every mu of tea place wheat straw 2000kg, and with soil pressure on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water; The 2nd, litter in early November, shallow plane loosens the soil, shop, every mu of tea place wheat straw 2000kg, and with soil pressure on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water.

(2) application of organic fertilizers adds phosphate fertilizer.In mid-March or early September, dig the dressing furrow of dark 50cm, execute the ratio of farmyard manure 3750kg, pure phosphorus 15kg in the dried tea of per mu yield 50kg, together with the grass of being spread, layering applies, again with the earthen backfill of digging out.

(3) topdress.Execute vernalization fertilizer mid-March, account for 40% of annual fertilizing amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 3: 1: 1, adopt trench digging to execute; Early June, by the end of July and by the end of August execute respectively that summer tea is topdressed for the first time, for the second time and autumn tea before topdress, each fertilizing amount all accounts for 20% of annual fertilizing amount, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 3: 1: 1, can ditch to spread fertilizer over the fields or spread manuer in holes.

Claims

1, a kind of freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China, it comprises the following steps:

(1) in the ranks litters.The one, in early June, shallow plane loosens the soil,, shop, every mu of tea place wheat straw 2000kg, and with soil pressure on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water; The 2nd, litter in early November, shallow plane loosens the soil,, shop, every mu of tea place wheat straw 2000kg, and with soil pressure on grass, star-shaped distribution, and on grass, spraying water.

(2) application of organic fertilizers.In mid-March or early September, dig the dressing furrow of dark 50cm, execute the ratio of farmyard manure 3750kg, pure phosphorus 15kg in the dried tea of per mu yield 50kg, together with the grass of being spread, layering applies, again with the earthen backfill of digging out.

2, according to power 1 described a kind of freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China, it is characterized in that: the ratio application of organic fertilizers of executing farmyard manure 3750kg, pure phosphorus 15kg in the dried tea of per mu yield 50kg.

3, according to power 1 described a kind of freeze-proof culture method of tea plants in North China, it is characterized in that: the nitrogen that topdresses, phosphorus, potassium ratio are 3: 1: 1.