CN103733860B - A kind of cassava wind resistance yield-increasing cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technology for cassava. It includes the following technical steps: soil preparation and furrowing, selection of seed stems, girdling, fertilization at both ends of the seed stems, weeding, plastic film covering, retention of seedlings on both sides, spraying, fertilization and shortening of stem tops. The invention solves the problems of the traditional cassava planting method, such as few roots, unbalanced roots, low yield and poor wind resistance. Surrounding the seed stem, there are many fries, high yield, strong wind resistance, simple operation and practicality.

Description

A kind of cassava wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a cassava cultivation technology, in particular to a cassava wind-resistant cultivation technology.

Background technique

Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) is one of the three largest tuber crops in the world and one of the seven major crops with a global output exceeding 100 million tons. Cassava has the reputation of "king of starch", "underground granary" and "special crop". The comprehensive utilization value is very high, and its roots, stems and leaves can be used. It is the most important root food, chemical raw materials and biomass energy crops in tropical areas. Cassava can be processed to produce more than 2,000 varieties of products in five series, including starch sugar, starch, alcohol, organic chemicals, and fine chemicals, which can be widely used in food, medicine, alcohol, textiles, papermaking, sugar and coatings And so on in various industries. Cassava is also one of the main raw materials for fuel ethanol. Especially in recent years, the market price of crude oil has been gradually rising. The development of renewable energy such as fuel ethanol has been widely valued and will occupy an important strategic position in the future.

South China is the main cassava planting area in my country, most of which are in coastal areas, and are affected by typhoons or strong winds caused by strong convection almost every year. Cassava is a high-stem crop with shallow root system, poor wind resistance and easy lodging. Cassava lodging in the early stage of growth can reduce production by more than 60%, and lodging in the middle and late stages can reduce production by 10-50%. Wind damage seriously affects cassava production in my country.

There are three methods of traditional cassava planting, straight (upright) planting, oblique planting and flat planting. Among them, the direct planting method has the best wind resistance, and the tubers grow in a balanced way around the stem, so the wind resistance is better. Strong, but planted upright, due to the deep tuber formation, it is not easy to harvest, so it is not easy to be accepted by growers. The current anti-wind technologies include: (1) dwarf planting anti-wind method, using dwarf varieties, or spraying or soil-applying paclobutrazol, chlormequat and other growth-inhibiting chemical agents during the production process to achieve growth dwarfing (2) choose leeward plots to plant cassava, (3) plant windbreaks around the cassava field to reduce wind damage, (4) remove some leaves and trim excess branches to reduce wind damage. However, the current technology also has the following defects: (1) The use of dwarf varieties for planting is restricted by varieties, and there are few dwarf varieties and poor selectivity; the use of plant-specific growth inhibitors is easy to cause pesticide residues and increase labor costs, especially Cassava is basically closed after mid-June, and it is not easy to spray in the field. (2) Due to land restrictions, there are relatively few leeward areas, which restricts the cassava planting area. (3) Planting windbreaks requires a long cycle and a large investment , only suitable for large-scale planting, not suitable for small-scale planting, (4) increase labor costs, and even cause a certain degree of production reduction. Therefore, it is an urgent task to study an ideal cassava wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava that is simple and practical to make the cassava robust, wind-resistant, and yield-increasing.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava is characterized in that: the cultivation technique includes site preparation and furrowing, seed stem selection, girdling, fertilization at both ends of the seed stem, weeding, plastic film covering, seedling retention on both sides, spraying, fertilization, and stem top shortening , specifically the following technical steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from the wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow from early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows and plant-to-row spacing, with a row spacing of one meter;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of the cassava stalk that is fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut it flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 30-35cm ;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, the herbicide is evenly sprayed on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the seedling height is 20-30 cm, leave 1-2 strong seedlings at both ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed;

(8) spraying

a. After keeping the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent on the cassava leaf surface;

b. Spray acaricide, from the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, spray the acaricide once on the cassava leaf surface;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the seedling height is 20-30cm, uncover the mulch film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, Apply to both ends of the stem at one time, mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 60-90cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix urea 9-10kg and potassium fertilizer 14-15kg evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it at one time Insert both ends of the seed stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the seed stem respectively, and cover with plastic film;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is cut short. When the height of the stem with leaves is higher than 60cm, cut off 1/3 of the top, or when the height of the stem with leaves is 40-60cm Cut off 1/4 of the top section every time, after 30 days, truncate again, cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, after each short cut Only one regenerated bud remains;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

The above row spacing adopts three specifications: 80cm×100cm for single planting, wide row close planting method or wide narrow row pattern for interplanting, 60-70cm×120-150cm for wide row close planting, and wide and narrow row pattern for described wide row close planting The wide row adopts 55-70cm×120-150cm, the narrow row adopts 55-70cm×70-80cm, and the interplanting crops are planted in the wide row.

The spray dwarfing agent mentioned above is 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 5-10 parts of amino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 times mixed evenly, or 50-80 parts of silk reeling wastewater discharged after retting and fermenting industrial silkworm cocoons 500-1000 times.

The selection of the above-mentioned seed stems is to choose the seed stems with smooth cuts, no ruptures, and bud points that remain intact, and adopt the seed stems with more than 10 bud points.

The above-mentioned single planting adopts the planting method with the biological bottom facing uniformly, and the interplanting adopts the biological bottom facing the wide row, and the planting depth is 12-15cm.

The amount of the above herbicide is 15 liters of water mixed with 40-60 grams of 50% acetochlor EC or 15 liters of water mixed with 11-22 grams of 96% Jinduer EC.

The present invention has the following outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress

The present invention adopts following several measures:

1) Selection of long stems. It is planted through long stems, and the length of the selected stems is more than 10cm longer than the traditional 15-25cm. According to the principle of leverage, the longer it is buried in the soil, the more obvious the wind resistance effect. The technical solution of the present invention selects 30-25cm. The length is 35cm, which makes the root system developed and distributed evenly, improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and has the effect of increasing production.

2) Use girdling technology. The present invention cuts a width of 1-2cm around the middle of the stem length by a girdling knife, and peels off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, so that the cassava seed stem forms a secondary biological bottom, due to the gravity of the earth , the long root of the plant is preferentially longer than the biological bottom, with two biological bottoms, the number of hair roots is greatly increased; at the same time, two biological tops are formed, which is due to the advantage of the plant top, so the buds always grow preferentially in the species The biological top of the stem, adopting this technology is easy to form buds on both sides, which is conducive to the balanced distribution of buds, combined with only 1-2 strong seedlings on both sides of the stem ring peeling and three reasonable short cuts at the top of the stem. The method of inducing further induces balanced rooting and tuber formation around the surroundings, and the root tree test result statistics show that the number of hairy roots of cassava after girdling treatment reaches 70-100, compared with the technology without ring cutting, the number of hairy roots of the present invention 46% more, which is more conducive to wind resistance and water and fertilizer absorption and utilization.

3) Reasonable fertilization. The first method of the present invention adopts the two-end fertilization method, utilizes the characteristics of crops to tend to fertilizer, and induces a balanced distribution of the cassava root system around the cassava seed stem through two-end fertilization, which has the characteristics of enhancing wind resistance; the second is by spraying the dwarfing agent , combined with short cutting technology, can effectively reduce the plant by 30-60cm, and can inhibit the growth of the ground part, promote the development of underground roots, and achieve the purpose of deep rooting and more tubers.

4) Adopt top short-cut technology. The present invention suppresses vegetative growth and promotes root growth through reasonable short-cut technology, and through three short cuts, can inhibit the growth of ground parts, promote the development of underground roots, and achieve the purpose of wind resistance and yield increase.

The present invention makes cassava roots strong and strong in wind resistance by adopting the above multiple reasonable measures, and the present invention is simple and easy to operate, making cassava roots and tubers grow in a balanced manner around the seed stems, and solves the problems of conventional planting, roots and tubers. Most of them are longer than one end of the stem, and the force is unbalanced when the wind blows, so the defect of wind resistance is poor. It has deep roots, many tubers, and has the characteristics of enhanced wind resistance and increased yield and harvest.

Detailed ways

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava in the present invention is characterized in that the cultivation technique includes site preparation and furrowing, seed stem selection, girdling, fertilization at both ends of the seed stem, weeding, mulching, seedling retention on both sides, spraying, fertilization and stem top The truncation has the following technical steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from the wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow from early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows, and plant-to-row spacing, according to the row spacing of one meter, three specifications are used for plant-to-row spacing, 80cm×100cm for single planting, and wide-row dense planting method or wide-narrow row pattern for interplanting. 60-70cm×120-150cm is used, the wide and narrow row mode is 55-70cm×120-150cm for the wide row, and 55-70cm×70-80cm for the narrow row, and the interplanting crops are planted in the wide row. The single planting uses The biological bottom is uniformly facing the planting method, and the interplanting adopts the biological bottom facing the wide row, and the planting depth is 12-15cm;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of the cassava stalk that is fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut it flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 30-35cm , the selection of long stems can make cassava roots develop and distribute evenly, and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer. The selection of seed stems is to choose the seed stems with smooth cuts, no cracks, and good bud points. Use more than 10 bud points. stem;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut. Lay the girdled stems flat and bury them shallowly in the planting hole, and gird the stems It can make cassava seed stems form a secondary biological bottom, greatly increasing the number of roots; forming two biological tops at the same time, it is easy to form buds on both sides, which is beneficial to the balanced distribution of buds;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem At the end, cover with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm, which can induce a balanced distribution of the cassava root system, which can absorb and utilize water and fertilizer, and improve wind resistance;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, evenly spray the herbicide on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges. 22 grams of 96% Jinduer EC;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm, leave 1-2 strong seedlings at both ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3. The excess seedlings are removed, which can further induce cassava to take root in a balanced way. , tuber, which is conducive to wind resistance and yield increase;

(8) spraying

a. After keeping the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent on the cassava leaf surface, which can promote cassava dwarfing and inhibit vegetative growth, and enhance wind resistance. The spraying dwarfing agent is 15% paclobutrazol solution Mix 500-1000 times of 20PPm and 5-10 parts of amino acid liquid fertilizer evenly, or 500-1000 times of silk reeling wastewater discharged after retting and fermenting industrial silkworm cocoons;

b. Spray acaricide. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, spray acaricide once on the cassava leaves to prevent mites;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the seedling height is 20-30cm, uncover the mulch film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, Apply to both ends of the stem at one time and mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film, which can induce cassava roots and tubers to grow evenly around the stem;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 60-90cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix urea 9-10kg and potassium fertilizer 14-15kg evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it at one time Insert both ends of the seed stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the seed stem, and cover with plastic film, which can promote cassava fruiting, increase the number of tubers and promote the expansion of tubers;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is cut short. When the height of the stem with leaves is higher than 60cm, cut off 1/3 of the top, or when the height of the stem with leaves is 40-60cm Cut off 1/4 of the top section every time, after 30 days, truncate again, cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, after each short cut Only one regenerated bud is left, which can inhibit the growth of the ground part and promote the growth of underground roots, so as to achieve the purpose of deep rooting and more tubers;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Example 1:

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava of the present invention has the following cultivation technique steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from the wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow from early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows and plant-to-row spacing, the plant-to-row spacing is 80cm×100cm, and the row spacing is one meter;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of cassava stalks that are fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 30cm;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, spray the herbicide evenly on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges. The amount of the herbicide is 15 liters of water mixed with 45 grams of 50% acetochlor EC;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the seedling height is 20cm, leave 1-2 strong seedlings at both ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed;

(8) spraying

a. After retaining the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent, mix 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 5 parts amino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 times and mix evenly or 50 parts of industrial silkworm cocoons that have been retting and fermented and then discharged The silk reeling waste water 500-1000 times is sprayed on the cassava leaf surface;

b. Spray acaricide. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, the cassava leaves are sprayed with acaricide once;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the height of the seedlings is 20cm, uncover the plastic film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and use it at one time Apply to both ends of the stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem respectively, and cover with plastic film;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 60cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix urea 9-10kg and potassium fertilizer 14-15kg evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it to the seed at one time Mix the two ends of the stem with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is shortened. When the height of the stem with leaves is higher than 60cm, 1/3 of the top is cut off, or when the height of the stem with leaves is 40cm. Remove 1/4 of the top section, after 30 days, cut it short again, and cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, and after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, leaving only a regenerated bud;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

Example 2:

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava of the present invention has the following cultivation technique steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow in early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridge, planting ditch and row spacing between plants, the row spacing between plants is 60-70cm×120-150cm, and the row spacing is one meter;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of cassava stalks that are fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, milky in the cut, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stems, and cut flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stems is 32cm;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to the two stems Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, spray the herbicide evenly on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges. The amount of the herbicide is 15 liters of water mixed with 55 grams of 50% acetochlor EC;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the seedling height is 23 cm, respectively stay 1-2 strong seedlings at the two ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed;

(8) spraying

a. After retaining the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent, mix 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 7 parts amino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 times and mix evenly or 60 parts of industrial silkworm cocoons that have been retting and fermented and then discharged The silk reeling waste water 500-1000 times is sprayed on the cassava leaf surface;

b. Spray acaricide. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, the cassava leaves are sprayed with acaricide once;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the height of the seedlings is 23cm, uncover the plastic film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and use it at one time Apply to both ends of the stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem respectively, and cover with plastic film;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 70cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix 9-10kg of urea and 14-15kg of potassium fertilizer evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it to the seed at one time Mix the two ends of the stem with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is cut short. When the height of the stem containing leaves is higher than 60cm, 1/3 of the top is cut off, or when the height of the stem containing leaves is 45cm. Remove 1/4 of the top section, after 30 days, cut it short again, cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, and after 60 days, cut off the 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section again, leaving only a regenerated bud;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

Example 3:

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava of the present invention has the following cultivation technique steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow in early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows and plant-to-row spacing, the plant-to-row spacing is 55-70cm×120-150cm, and the row spacing is one meter;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of cassava stalks that are fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 33cm;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, spray the herbicide evenly on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges. The amount of the herbicide is 15 liters of water mixed with 16 grams of 96% Jinduer EC;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the seedling height is 26 cm, respectively stay 1-2 strong seedlings at the two ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed;

(8) spraying

a. After retaining the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent, mix 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 9 parts amino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 times and mix evenly or 70 parts of industrial silkworm cocoons that have been retting and fermented and then discharged The silk reeling waste water 500-1000 times is sprayed on the cassava leaf surface;

b. Spray acaricide. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, the cassava leaves are sprayed with acaricide once;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the seedling height is 26cm, uncover the mulch film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix evenly 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and use it at one time Apply to both ends of the stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem respectively, and cover with plastic film;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 80cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix urea 9-10kg and potassium fertilizer 14-15kg evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it to the seed at one time Mix the two ends of the stem with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is cut short. When the height of the stem containing leaves is higher than 60cm, 1/3 of the top is cut off, or when the height of the stem containing leaves is 50cm. Remove 1/4 of the top section, after 30 days, cut it short again, and cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, and after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, leaving only a regenerated bud;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

Example 4:

The wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation technique for cassava of the present invention has the following cultivation technique steps:

(1) Soil preparation and furrowing

Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from the wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow from early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows, and row spacing between plants, the row spacing between plants is 55-70cm×70-80cm, and the row spacing is one meter;

(2) Selection of seed stems

Select the middle and lower part of cassava stalks that are fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 35cm;

(3) Girdling

Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole;

(4) Fertilize both ends of the stem

Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm;

(5) weeding

4-5 days after planting, spray the herbicide evenly on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges. The amount of the herbicide is 15 liters of water mixed with 20 grams of 96% Jinduer EC;

(6) Cover with plastic film

Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film;

(7) Leave seedlings on both sides

When the seedling height is 30 cm, leave 1-2 strong seedlings at both ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed;

(8) spraying

a. After retaining the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent, mix 15% paclobutrazol solution 20PPm and 10 parts amino acid liquid fertilizer 500-1000 times, or mix 80 parts of industrial silkworm cocoons that have been retting and fermented and then discharge The silk reeling waste water 500-1000 times is sprayed on the cassava leaf surface;

b. Spray acaricide. From the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, the cassava leaves are sprayed with acaricide once;

(9) fertilization

a. 40-60 days after planting or when the seedling height is 30cm, uncover the mulch film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and use it at one time Apply to both ends of the stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem respectively, and cover with plastic film;

b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 90cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix 9-10kg of urea and 14-15kg of potassium fertilizer evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it to the seed at one time Mix the two ends of the stem with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film;

(10) The top of the stem is cut short

From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is short-cut. When the height of the stem with leaves is higher than 60cm, 1/3 of the top is cut off, or when the height of the stem with leaves is 60cm. Remove 1/4 of the top section, after 30 days, cut it short again, and cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, and after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, leaving only a regenerated bud;

(11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management.

Example 5:

The present invention takes different girdling lengths to test and compare the stems, and the test results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1, the number of roots 35 days after planting in different stem treatments, average root length, total root length and root weight per unit length:

(1) Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same time (P<0.05).

It can be seen from the above experiments that after cassava seed stems are treated by girdling, more new cassava roots will be induced at the cassava seed stem girdling callus, and the number of cassava hair roots, the length of hair roots and the weight of hair roots are all equal. Significantly increased, the root number of stem girdling treatment was 46% higher than that of control non-girdling treatment, and the total root length of seed stem girdling treatment was 70% more than that of control non-girdling treatment.

Claims (5)

1. A wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation method for cassava, characterized in that: the cultivation method comprises site preparation and furrowing, selection of stems, girdling, fertilization at both ends of stems, weeding, mulching, seedling retention on both sides, spraying, fertilization and stem The top of the stalk is shortened, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Soil preparation and furrowing Choose land that is not too barren, with little gravel, no water, sheltered from the wind, or protected by forest segments. Sow from early March to early April. Deep plow and rake the land 1-2 months before sowing. Good ridges, planting furrows and plant-to-row spacing, with a row spacing of one meter; (2) Selection of seed stems Select the middle and lower part of the cassava stalk that is fully mature, thick and knotted, with intact bud points, fresh, undamaged, with milk in the incision, and free of pests and diseases as the seed stem, and cut it flat with a knife. The length of the cut seed stem is 30-35cm ; (3) Girdling Use a girdling knife to cut a width of 1-2 cm around the middle of the stem length, and peel off the inner and outer skins to form a circular ring cut, and lay the girdled stems flat and shallowly bury them in the planting hole; (4) Fertilize both ends of the stem Mix 500-800kg of farmyard manure, 10-12kg of urea and 20-25kg of ternary compound fertilizer with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 40% per mu evenly as the base fertilizer, divide the base fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply them to two parts of the stem Cover the end with shallow soil with a thickness of 4-5cm; (5) weeding 4-5 days after planting, the herbicide is evenly sprayed on the cassava planting ground before the cassava emerges; (6) Cover with plastic film Cover with plastic film, and compact it with soil around the film; (7) Leave seedlings on both sides When the seedling height is 20-30 cm, leave 1-2 strong seedlings at both ends of the girdling mouth, and the number of seedlings per plant is 2-3, and the redundant seedlings are removed; (8) spraying a. After keeping the seedlings according to the above step (7), spray the dwarfing agent on the cassava leaf surface; b. Spray acaricide, from the end of April to the first ten days of May, if there is no rain for more than 5 consecutive days, spray the acaricide once on the cassava leaf surface; (9) fertilization a. 40-60 days after planting or when the seedling height is 20-30cm, uncover the mulch film, apply fertilizer to strengthen the seedlings, mix 7.5-10kg of urea and 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu evenly, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, Apply to both ends of the stem at one time, mix well with the soil at both ends of the stem, and cover with plastic film; b. From the first ten days of May to the end of July or when the seedling height is 60-90cm, uncover the mulch film, apply potato fertilizer, mix urea 9-10kg and potassium fertilizer 14-15kg evenly per mu, divide the fertilizer into two equal parts, and apply it at one time Insert both ends of the seed stem and mix well with the soil at both ends of the seed stem respectively, and cover with plastic film; (10) The top of the stem is cut short From late June to early July, after the cassava is closed, the top is cut short. When the height of the stem with leaves is higher than 60cm, cut off 1/3 of the top, or when the height of the stem with leaves is 40-60cm Cut off 1/4 of the top section every time, after 30 days, truncate again, cut off 1/4 of the height of the new long top bud section, after 60 days, cut off the new long top bud section height 1/4 again, after each short cut Only one regenerated bud remains; (11) The remaining production management is carried out with conventional planting management. 2. A kind of cassava wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: plant row spacing adopts three specifications: single planting adopts 80cm×100cm, interplanting adopts wide row close planting method or wide and narrow row pattern, The wide row dense planting adopts 60-70cm×120-150cm, the wide narrow row mode adopts 55-70cm×120-150cm for wide row, and 55-70cm×70-80cm for narrow row, and interplanting crops are planted in wide row. 3. A kind of cassava wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described stem is selected, is to choose the kind stem that incision is smooth, does not have rupture, and bud point keeps intact, adopts to have 10 buds Point above the seed stem. 4. A kind of cassava wind-resistant and yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the single planting adopts the biological bottom towards the planting method uniformly, and the interplanting adopts the biological bottom towards the wide row, planting Depth 12-15cm. 5. a kind of cassava anti-wind yield-increasing cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the deal of described herbicide is the acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate that 15 liters of water is mixed with 40-60 gram 50% or 15 liters of water is mixed with 11 - 22 grams of 96% Kindur EC.