CN103749120B - Improve the method for soil fertility of mountain tea garden - Google Patents
Improve the method for soil fertility of mountain tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN103749120B CN103749120B CN201310750903.7A CN201310750903A CN103749120B CN 103749120 B CN103749120 B CN 103749120B CN 201310750903 A CN201310750903 A CN 201310750903A CN 103749120 B CN103749120 B CN 103749120B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 235000007297 Gaultheria procumbens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 240000001238 Gaultheria procumbens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000010394 Solidago odora Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000004296 Lolium perenne Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical group [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden, comprise tea garden soil improvement and balance fertilizing, wherein: tea garden soil improvement comprises: carry out next year farming to tea place, farming year in spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, the farming of base manure in autumn difference in period once, sow perennial ryegrass in the ranks in tea place after the last farming of farming year, cradle June in next year to turn over and be embedded in soil; Balance fertilizing comprises: at spring tea dressing time and summer tea dressing time every mu of tealeaves special fertilizer using 29.5 ~ 30.5kg respectively, uses the tealeaves special fertilizer of 39.5 ~ 40.5kg and the vegetable protein fertilizer of 24.5 ~ 25.5kg base manure period every mu in the fall.Said method its effectively can improve the land fertility state of tea garden in mountainous area soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tea planting field, be specifically related to a kind of method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden.
Background technology
Tealeaves is the important economic crops of China, and its state of development has profound influence to tea district economic revival, market supply and establishing of famous tea trademark.But the land occupation condition that the fundamental realities of the country of China's land resources deficiency determines tea industry is generally poor, mostly is mountain region, the Anhui Province as one of China's tealeaves main product ground is all the more so.Add up according to investigations, the tea place in Anhui Province about 70% ~ 80% is distributed in mountain area.
Mountainous Tea Garden soil depletion, soil layer is thinner, preserve moisture and fertility ability.Tea district peasant for asking high yield, the excessive use chemical fertilizer of ubiquity, fertilizer and other beneficial elements send out the situation of fertilizers input deficiency; Tea tree Application Ratio numerous imbalances, the blindness fertilising phenomenon ubiquity of the fertile light potash fertilizer of diazonium.This empirical mode of production of tea grower, not only makes tea yield and quality be difficult to continue to improve, also can cause the risk of the wasting of resources and increase ecological environmental pollution.In addition, China Mountainous Tea Garden soil cultivation management in mainly with no-tillage be main, although this tillage method can maintain soil structure, because tea tree is perennial crop, the no-tillage soil organic matter that easily causes is deficient for many years, soil compaction, soil porosity reduces, and permeability is poor, weedy, the nutrient supply ability of soil declines, and causes the tree vigo(u)r early ageing underproduction, and tea leaf quality declines.And the no-tillage earth's surface that makes is exposed for a long time, adds the risk of water and soil loss, this risk is particularly serious on Mountainous Tea Garden ground.Visible, traditional tea grower's mode of production and soil cultivation system, all can affect the raising of soil quality.But soil is the supply initial carrier in tea place, and soil quality situation decides the production capacity in tea place to a great extent.
It is the basic premise realizing Mountainous Tea Garden high yield and high quality that foster root strengthens tree, and the soil condition of every factor stable coordination such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat, edaphon, utilization rate of fertilizer just can be made to improve, more be conducive to the performance of nutrient effect, promote the generation of root system and growth, and then the normal growth on top is contentedly grown.Therefore, seeking and improve tea garden soil quality and coordinate easy rational measures of fertilizer, is that mountain region tea industry optimization and upgrading and Tea Garden Ecosystem sustainable development need key problems-solving.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden, it effectively can improve the land fertility state of tea garden in mountainous area soil.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following scheme to implement:
Improve a method for soil fertility of mountain tea garden, comprise tea garden soil improvement and balance fertilizing, wherein:
Tea garden soil improvement comprises: carry out next year farming to tea place, farming year in spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, the farming of base manure in autumn difference in period once, sow perennial ryegrass in the ranks in tea place after the last farming of farming year, cradle June in next year to turn over and be embedded in soil;
Balance fertilizing comprises: at spring tea dressing time and summer tea dressing time every mu of tealeaves special fertilizer using 29.5 ~ 30.5kg respectively, uses the tealeaves special fertilizer of 39.5 ~ 40.5kg and the vegetable protein fertilizer of 24.5 ~ 25.5kg base manure period every mu in the fall.
The present invention adopts tea garden soil to improve and balance fertilizing, by perennial ryegrass for successive years, tea tree composite plant, organic in tea garden soil, humus is formed in a large number, the secretion, cast etc. of root growth to the extruding of soil and root system facilitate the formation of soil aggregate, play and conserve water and soil, promote organic increasing, improve soil moisture content effect.Rational fertilising, promotes the supply capacity of tea garden soil available nutrient, increases the richness of tea root micro-territory nutrition.Thus improve the yield and quality of soil productivity and raising tealeaves.
Preferred version is:
Spring tea dressing time is annual 10 ~ March 15 March, and summer tea dressing time is annual 20 ~ July 1 June, and base manure period in autumn is annual 15 ~ October 25 October.Vegetable protein fertilizer steps on vegetable protein compoiste fertilizer for Puli, and in vegetable protein fertilizer, K content is not less than 4%, and the content of organic matter is not less than 50%, and amino acid content is not less than 8%, and tealeaves special fertilizer is Si Erte tealeaves special fertilizer, N, P in tealeaves special fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the weight ratio of O content is 25:12:9.The total amount of application of year pure N controls according to 24.5 ~ 25.5kg/ mu.In fertilizer, N element exists with the form of ammonia state or acyl ammoniacal nitrogen; P element exists with fused calcium magnesium phosphate or rock phosphate form; K element exists with the form of potassium sulfate.
Spring tea dressing time tilth is 10 ~ 12cm, and summer tea dressing time tilth is 12 ~ 15cm, and base manure in autumn tilth in period is 18 ~ 20cm, and working width width all controls at 50 ~ 60cm.
The seeding quantity of perennial ryegrass is 0.5 ~ 1.0kg/ mu.
Farming year spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, autumn base manure first apply fertilizer respectively period, then carry out farming.Used fertilizer and topsoil can be mixed like this and cover, use manpower and material resources sparingly cost, and the nutrient element in used fertilizer can be made again fully to contact, be conducive to tea root absorb and fertilizer leaching loss and volatilization less.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is done to the explanation of a nearly step.
Wherein, vegetable protein fertilizer used in embodiment 1 ~ 2 steps on vegetable protein compoiste fertilizer for Puli, and in vegetable protein fertilizer, K content is not less than 4%, the content of organic matter is not less than 50%, amino acid content is not less than 8%, and tealeaves special fertilizer is Si Erte tealeaves special fertilizer, N, P in tealeaves special fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the weight ratio of O content is 25:12:9;
Embodiment 1
Pei Yuan village, Xiuning County, Huangshan, green tea main producing region, Anhui, tea garden soil is the yellow-red soil that phyllite and husky shale are grown, pH value about 4.51.Be built in spring in 1984 for examination tea place, kind is Xiuning local group kind (being commonly called as ox-hide kind), and tea tree is three and plants dense planting mode.Before the test of this tea place, tea tree growing way, garden phase and managerial skills are general, and Fertilization Level is on the low side (mu year executes purity nitrogen and is about 20kg), output lower (mu produces dry gross tea per year at about 50Kg).
1 test region (area 2 mu) and 1 check plot (area 2 mu) are set in tea place.
Proceed as follows in test region:
According to actual plantation and the arrangement situation of Mountainous Tea Garden, hand-held tea garden miniature rotary cultivator is adopted tea place to be carried out to the mode of next year farming, farming year then implements 3 farming every year, its farming time is respectively annual 10 ~ March 15 March (spring tea dressing time), adopt shallow plowing operation, tilth is 10 ~ 12cm; On 20 ~ July 1 June (summer tea dressing time), adopt intertillage operation, tilth is 12 ~ 15cm; On 15 ~ October 25 October (autumn base manure period), adopt deep ploughing operation, tilth is 18 ~ 20cm, and the working width width of three times all controls at 50 ~ 60cm.After the last farming of farming year (October), select to plant 1 year raw perennial ryegrass in the ranks in tea place, sowing grass-seed amount is 0.5 ~ 1.0kg/ mu, and June in next year cradles to turn over and is embedded in soil.And at spring tea dressing time and summer tea dressing time every mu of tealeaves special fertilizer using 29.5 ~ 30.5kg respectively, use the tealeaves special fertilizer of 39.5 ~ 40.5kg and the vegetable protein fertilizer of 24.5 ~ 25.5kg base manure period every mu in the fall.Farming year spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, autumn base manure first apply fertilizer period, then carry out farming.
Check plot except with test region carry out identical pruning, day long tube manage, and employing traditional fertilization beyond do not carry out other special operationals.
The soil productivity of above-mentioned test region and check plot is analyzed:
Determination and analysis shows, be followed successively by 24.4g/kg, 1.29g/kg, 93.1mg/kg, 36.7mg/kg according to organic, the full nitrogen of the test region tea garden soil of process of the present invention, available potassium, available phosphorus contents, improve 20.5%, 29.8%, 41.6%, 34.9% than check plot tea garden soil respectively; Soil capillary moisture capacity increases by 3.7% ~ 6.2% compared with the tea garden soil of check plot, and the bulk density of soil on average reduces 0.09g/cm
3~ 0.16g/cm
3, soil porosity increases by 1.7% ~ 2.9%, and flow path surface reduces by 7.2% ~ 9.9%, and year, dry tea output added 19.7%.
Embodiment 2
This test is located in tea place, Hong Tong tea processing factory proving ground, Huizhou District, Huangshan, Anhui Province, and test set handling is identical with embodiment 1
Result of the test: be followed successively by 22.4g/kg, 1.15g/kg, 63.6mg/kg, 41.2mg/kg according to organic, the full nitrogen of the test region tea garden soil of process of the present invention, available potassium, available phosphorus contents, improve 22.9%, 34.5%, 31.8%, 52.5% than check plot tea garden soil respectively; With check plot tea garden soil: compared with soil capillary moisture capacity increase by 3.7% ~ 6.2%, the bulk density of soil on average reduces 0.05g/cm
3~ 0.11g/cm
3, soil porosity adds 2.0% ~ 2.5%, and flow path surface reduces 4.9% ~ 8.6%, and year, dry tea output added 15.4%.
Claims (5)
1. improve a method for soil fertility of mountain tea garden, comprise tea garden soil improvement and balance fertilizing, wherein:
Tea garden soil improvement comprises: carry out next year farming to tea place, farming year in spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, the farming of base manure in autumn difference in period once, sow perennial ryegrass in the ranks in tea place after the last farming of farming year, cradle June in next year to turn over and be embedded in soil;
Balance fertilizing comprises: at spring tea dressing time and summer tea dressing time every mu of tealeaves special fertilizer using 29.5 ~ 30.5kg respectively, uses the tealeaves special fertilizer of 39.5 ~ 40.5kg and the vegetable protein fertilizer of 24.5 ~ 25.5kg base manure period every mu in the fall;
Spring tea dressing time tilth is 10 ~ 12cm, and summer tea dressing time tilth is 12 ~ 15cm, and base manure in autumn tilth in period is 18 ~ 20cm, and working width width all controls at 50 ~ 60cm.
2. the method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: spring tea dressing time is annual 10 ~ March 15 March, summer tea dressing time is annual 20 ~ July 1 June, and base manure period in autumn is annual 15 ~ October 25 October.
3. the method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the seeding quantity of perennial ryegrass is 0.5 ~ 1.0kg/ mu.
4. the as claimed in claim 1 method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden, is characterized in that: farming year spring tea dressing time, summer tea dressing time, autumn base manure first apply fertilizer respectively period, then carry out farming.
5. the method improving soil fertility of mountain tea garden as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: vegetable protein fertilizer steps on vegetable protein compoiste fertilizer for Puli, in vegetable protein fertilizer, K content is not less than 4%, the content of organic matter is not less than 50%, amino acid content is not less than 8%, tealeaves special fertilizer is Si Erte tealeaves special fertilizer, N, P in tealeaves special fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the weight ratio of O content is 25:12:9; The total amount of application of year pure N controls according to 24.5 ~ 25.5kg/ mu.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105766255A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛区盛泉茶厂 | Method for planting high-mountain tea trees |
| CN104885673A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-09 | 南京梦杨农业科技有限公司 | Fertilizing method for tea garden |
| CN105075652B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-09-05 | 谢庭生 | The method of the newly-ploughed oil tea young growth forest land Study on Fertilizing of red soil hillock zone |
| CN105659963B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-09-19 | 池州市贵池区静安茶行 | A kind of ecological modification method of tea garden soil |
| CN105941068A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-09-21 | 潜山县富源科技有限公司 | Method for ecologically planting high-quality pollution-free tea |
| CN107787632A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-03-13 | 宁乡安卓农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method for transforming waste mountain waste soil |
| CN108738455A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea garden soil tilth modification method |
| CN108522128A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-09-14 | 邱红英 | A kind of implantation methods of tealeaves |
| CN108947736A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-12-07 | 长兴兴德生物科技有限公司 | A kind of dedicated amino acid organic and inorganic fertilizer of albino tea and its method of administration |
| CN114885656A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-12 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所(江西省经济作物研究所) | Fertilizing method for effectively reducing non-point source pollution of tea garden |
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| JPS60190702A (en) * | 1984-03-09 | 1985-09-28 | Isamu Fukazawa | Cultivation of tea |
| CN102487699A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-13 | 贵州都云毛尖茶叶有限公司 | Ecological three-dimensional planting system for tea trees |
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