CN102067777B - Method for comprehensively regulating and controlling soil for cultivating blueberries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for comprehensively regulating and controlling soil for cultivating blueberries, which is simple and easy, and can ensure that the pH value of the soil is stabilized within an appropriate internal of soil pH values for a long time, promote the growth of the blueberries, remarkably improve the yield of the blueberries, and promote the quality of fruits. Raw materials comprise sulfur powder with the sulfur content of 99.9 percent (325 meshes), decayed larch needles, pine barks, and an acid compound fertilizer K2SO4, wherein the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 percent (N-P2O5-K2O, 12-21-12). The method comprises the following steps of: determining the pH value of a soil sample by potentiometry, and applying the sulfur powder to adjust the soil if the pH value of the soil is greater than the pH value which is mostly suitable for the soil; and spreading the acid compound fertilizer K2SO4 which serves as a base fertilizer according to the application amount of 3kg/100m2, and shallowly turning the soil in the depth of 5 to 10cm after fertilizer application. By the method, the pH value of the soil can be reduced to 4.5 and can be stabilized within the range for 3 years, so the soil is extremely suitable for planting the blueberries. When the blueberries are planted in improved areas, the aboveground biomass is increased by about 5 times, and the content of mineral nutrition and the content of trace elements in the soil are both greatly increased.

Description

A kind of soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivating blueberry

(1) technical field

The present invention relates to the soil melioration technology, is exactly a kind of soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivating blueberry specifically.

(2) background technology

Soil acidity or alkalinity is one of important fundamental property of soil, is a foster and apply fertilizer index of process of soil forming process and slaking, also is the important chemical index that influences soil physico-chemical property.Form and validity that soil acidity or alkalinity exists nutrient in the soil have very big influence again to physicochemical property, microbial activities and the growth and development of plants of soil.In soil, with the acid-base value relation the closest be the chemical element in the soil-plant system, exist form, validity and migration that it directly affects various elements in the soil transform.The pH value of grasping soil has important theory and practice significance for soil diagnosis, the rational application of fertilizer and raising crop yield, quality.

The soil of suitable blueberry growth needs water penetration, air capacity of soils and drainage good, and the content of organic matter is abundant.Before the blueberry field planting, improve soil, comprise the permeability of soil pH value, the content of organic matter, soil.Blueberry requires soil pH value 4.5-5.5, and the righttest soil pH value is 4.5-4.8.Soil pH value is too high to be the principal element of restriction blueberry cultivation expanded range.

The existing technology that the soil of cultivation blueberry is regulated and control mainly contains following dual mode, and a kind of mode is to use Cosan, and it is rapid that this method reduces soil pH; But As time goes on; Soil pH progressively raises, and is prone to cause soil compaction, is unfavorable for the blueberry growth.Another kind of mode: organic with to use Cosan co-administered; The organic matter of dosing has liver moss, the peat composed of rotten mosses, sawdust, river sand, vinasse, pine needle etc.; Wherein liver moss and peat composed of rotten mosses effect are best, but the peat composed of rotten mosses belongs to resource conservation, the loss and liver moss can effectively conserve water and soil; If large tracts of land is excavated, will cause significantly natural environment and destroy.So this method can not large tracts of land be promoted.Pine needle also is good soil improvement material, and it is cheap, sustainable use, but its rotten speed is fast, and production cost is increased to some extent.Blueberry belongs to oliotrophophyte, discovers that to use an amount of fertilizer beneficial to blueberry growth, and using the compound fertilizer ratio, to use single fertilizer effective, and the effect of certain reduction soil pH is arranged, but DeGrain.The existing technical method that the soil of cultivation blueberry is regulated and control, all there is certain shortcoming and defect in it.

(3) summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple, can make the soil pH value long-term stability in suitable soil pH value interval, promote the blueberry growth, significantly improve blueberry output, promote the soil comprehensive regulation method of the cultivation blueberry of fruit quality.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivation blueberry, step is following:

Step 1: raw material comprises: the Cosan of sulfur content 99.9% (325 order), fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark, acid composite fertilizer K become thoroughly decomposed ₂SO ₄: total nutrient content>=45%, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂O 12-21-12;

Step 2: after the plantation garden chose, the multiple spot soil sampling was mixed at random, measured the pH value of this soil sample with potentiometry; Be this pH in soil; The righttest soil pH value of blueberry cultivation is 4.5-4.8, is higher than the righttest soil pH value if measure soil pH value, then uses Cosan and regulates; The standard of using Cosan is: soil pH value reduces a unit, then applies 16kg/100m ²Cosan, soil pH value was reduced to every 100m at 4.5 o'clock from 5.5 ²Use the 16kg Cosan, Cosan evenly is sprinkled into the plantation garden, plough deeply the back mixing;

Step 3: the groove that excavates wide 0.5m, high 0.2m; To become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark with 1: 1 mixed of volume ratio; With mixed become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle and pine bark and plant garden soil by volume percentage be the 30%:70% mixing after, insert in the groove;

Step 4: according to 3kg/100m ²Sowing amount spreads fertilizer over the fields acid composite fertilizer K ₂SO ₄As base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields the shallow 5-10cm of turning in back, rake;

Step 5: according to the requirement of different nursery stock line spaces, carry out field planting, short clump blueberry is planted by line-spacing 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.5m, and half high clump blueberry is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.7m plants;

Step 6: carry out normal field management, note irrigating.

The present invention is a kind of soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivating blueberry, makes the soil pH value long-term stability of cultivation blueberry interval at the suitable soil pH value of blueberry, and technology is simple; Reduce planting cost; The organic matter that adds is the sylvan life discarded object, and is with low cost, sustainable use.The present invention implements on the grassy marshland soil of Daxing'an Mountainrange, and soil pH value is reduced to about 4.5, and is stabilized in this scope utmost point suitable planting blueberry in 3 years.About the ground biomass of the area after improvement plantation blueberry increases by 500, and the Soil Mineral Nutrition of this area and micronutrient levels all have bigger increase.

(4) embodiment

For example the present invention is described further below.

Embodiment 1: the present invention is a kind of soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivating blueberry, and step is following:

Step 1: raw material comprises: the Cosan of sulfur content 99.9% (325 order), fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark, acid composite fertilizer K become thoroughly decomposed ₂SO ₄: total nutrient content>=45%, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂O 12-21-12;

Step 2: after the plantation garden chose, the multiple spot soil sampling was mixed at random, measured the pH value of this soil sample with potentiometry; Be this pH in soil; The righttest soil pH value of blueberry cultivation is 4.5-4.8, is higher than the righttest soil pH value if measure soil pH value, then uses Cosan and regulates; The standard of using Cosan is: soil pH value reduces a unit, then applies 16kg/100m ²Cosan, soil pH value was reduced to every 100m at 4.5 o'clock from 5.5 ²Use the 16kg Cosan, Cosan evenly is sprinkled into the plantation garden, plough deeply the back mixing;

Step 3: the groove that excavates wide 0.5m, high 0.2m; To become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark with 1: 1 mixed of volume ratio; With mixed become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle and pine bark and plant garden soil by volume percentage be 30%: 70% mixing after, insert in the groove;

Step 4: according to 3kg/100m ²Sowing amount spreads fertilizer over the fields acid composite fertilizer K ₂SO ₄As base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields the shallow 5-10cm of turning in back, rake;

Step 5: according to the requirement of different nursery stock line spaces, carry out field planting, short clump blueberry is planted by line-spacing 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.5m, and half high clump blueberry is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.7m plants;

Step 6: carry out normal field management, note irrigating.

Embodiment 2: Daxinganling District is positioned at the most northern limit of China and sleeps; East is adjoined with the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains; The west is that boundary and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region border on the mountain range, Daxing'an Mountainrange, and wide song-Nen plain is on the point of in south, and north is the neighbour with the Heilungkiang center line of main channel and Russia; 121 ° 12 of east longitude ' to 127 ° 00 ', 50 ° 10 of north latitude ' to 53 ° 33 '.The forest zone weather belongs to the cool temperate zone monsoon region.Whole district's average temperature of the whole year-4.9 ℃, extreme minimum temperature-47 ℃, extremely superlatively surface temperature is 57 ℃-60 ℃.Maximum depth of frozen ground can reach 2.5 meters.Late frost terminates in late May.

Grassy marshland soil to Daxing'an Mountainrange 18 station State Forestry Administration, P.R. Chinas is regulated and control according to the method described in the present invention, and step is following:

(1) measured the soil pH value of cultivating blueberry ground with potentiometry, its soil pH value is 5.3.Soil pH value is higher than the pH value of suitable blueberry cultivation, thus should soil pH value be transferred to about 4.5, so apply 16kg/100m ²Cosan, the plantation garden is evenly used, and ploughs deeply the back mixing.

(2) excavating wide is 0.5m, and height is the groove of 0.2m, and will become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle and pine bark are by volume with 1: 1 mixed, and the mixture of will become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark and soil by volume percentage mixing after are inserted field planting groove at 30%: 70%.

(3) according to 3kg/100m ²Sowing amount spreads fertilizer over the fields acid composite fertilizer K ₂SO ₄As base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields shallow the turning in back (5-10cm) and rake.

(4) according to the requirement of different nursery stock line spaces, carry out field planting.Short clump blueberry (step on like U.S.A etc.) is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.5m plants; Half high clump blueberry (Ru Bei village etc.) is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.7m plants.

(5) carry out normal field management, must note irrigating.

Use should technology after, soil pH value all is stabilized in about 4.5 in two years, on the soil after the improvement growth of plantation blueberry vigorous, ground biomass has increased more than 6 times, soil nutrient content also improves greatly.

Embodiment 3: the grassy marshland soil to Daxing'an Mountainrange 18 station central nursery is implemented regulation and control:

(1) measured the soil pH value of cultivating blueberry ground with potentiometry, its soil pH value is 5.37.Soil pH value is higher than the pH value of suitable blueberry cultivation, so should soil pH value be transferred to about 4.5.So apply 16kg/100m ²Cosan, evenly use in full garden, ploughs deeply the back mixing.

(2) excavating wide be 0.5m, and height be the groove of 0.2m, after will the become thoroughly decomposed pine needle of getting well and pine bark by volume mix with 1: 1 ratio, is behind 30%: 70% the mixing, to fill back in the field planting groove by its mixture and native percent by volume.

(3) according to 3kg/100m ²Sowing amount spreads fertilizer over the fields acid composite fertilizer K ₂SO ₄As base fertilizer, shallow turning over (5-10cm) raked and got final product after spreading fertilizer over the fields.

(4) according to the requirement of different nursery stock line spaces, carry out field planting.Short clump blueberry (step on like U.S.A etc.) is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.5m plants; Half high clump blueberry (Ru Bei village etc.) is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.7m plants.

(5) carry out normal field management, must note irrigating.

Use should technology after, soil pH value is stabilized in about 4.5 in two years, plantation blueberry well-grown on the soil after the improvement, ground biomass has increased about 4 times, soil nutrient content improves.

Claims (1)

1. soil comprehensive regulation method of cultivating blueberry, it is characterized in that: step is following:

Step 1: raw material comprises: 325 purpose sulfur content, 99.9% Cosan, the acid composite fertilizer K of become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark, total nutrient content>=45% ₂SO ₄, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂O12-21-12;

Step 2: after the plantation garden chose, the multiple spot soil sampling was mixed at random, measured the pH value of this soil sample with potentiometry; Be this pH in soil; The righttest soil pH value of blueberry cultivation is 4.5-4.8, is higher than the righttest soil pH value if measure soil pH value, then uses Cosan and regulates; The standard of using Cosan is: soil pH value reduces a unit, then applies 16kg/100m ²Cosan, soil pH value was reduced to every 100m at 4.5 o'clock from 5.5 ²Use the 16kg Cosan, Cosan evenly is sprinkled into the plantation garden, plough deeply the back mixing;

Step 3: the groove that excavates wide 0.5m, high 0.2m; To become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle, pine bark with 1: 1 mixed of volume ratio; With mixed become thoroughly decomposed fallen leaves pine needle and pine bark and plant garden soil by volume percentage be 30%: 70% mixing after, insert in the groove;

Step 4: according to 3kg/100m ²Sowing amount spreads fertilizer over the fields acid composite fertilizer K ₂SO ₄As base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields the shallow 5-10cm of turning in back, rake;

Step 5: according to the requirement of different nursery stock line spaces, carry out field planting, short clump blueberry is planted by line-spacing 1.3m, spacing in the rows 0.5m, and half high clump blueberry is pressed line-spacing 1.3m, and spacing in the rows 0.7m plants;

Step 6: carry out normal field management, note irrigating.