CN110872517A - Special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110872517A CN110872517A CN201911257004.7A CN201911257004A CN110872517A CN 110872517 A CN110872517 A CN 110872517A CN 201911257004 A CN201911257004 A CN 201911257004A CN 110872517 A CN110872517 A CN 110872517A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The limestone material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1). The calcareous material composition can realize multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acid regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield; the method realizes the effects of supplementing the magnesium element in the soil, improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield while having the quick-acting and long-acting regulation and control effects on the acidified soil without sacrificing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and agriculture, and particularly relates to a special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acid soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the problems of settling of atmospheric acid, improper agricultural measures and the like, the soil acidification process is continuously accelerated, the problem of fertility degradation is increasingly prominent, and the growth of crops is severely restricted. More seriously, soil acidification causes a pH drop and activates heavy metals immobilized in the soil, with activation of ions in cationic form, such as cadmium, zinc, magnesium, etc., being particularly prominent. On one hand, the loss of zinc and other nutrient elements seriously affects the normal production and yield of crops; on the other hand, the loss of zinc and magnesium weakens the impedance effect of crops on cadmium, and meanwhile, the absorption and enrichment of crops on cadmium and other heavy metals are promoted by the activation of cadmium and the like.
Chemical methods for realizing acid-base regulation and heavy metal fixation are currently common methods. In view of the advantages of low cost, simple operation and the like, calcareous materials such as quicklime, limestone and the like are main methods for adjusting acid soil and passivating cadmium in China, and the aims of production and treatment of agricultural lands can be fulfilled. These materials, however, suffer from several important drawbacks: 1. quicklime has the effects of quickly adjusting acid soil and passivating cadmium, but is easy to cause crop seedling burning, has the problems of poor stability and the like, and cannot meet the long-term regulation and control on the acid soil and cadmium pollution; 2. the limestone can slowly release the acid soil and cadmium pollution only after being applied for a long time, has good stability, but has unobvious short-term effect and can not meet the production requirement; 3. the existing calcareous material can fix and passivate cadmium in soil by adjusting the pH value of the soil, but because elements such as zinc and the like are lost, the absorption capacity of crops to the cadmium is not weakened, even the problem of enhancement exists, and finally the safety problem of agricultural products with cadmium-polluted acid soil cannot be solved; 4. the existing calcareous material has single component and does not contain nutrient substances. On the premise of ensuring the functions of improving acid soil and passivating cadmium, the existing calcareous material often lacks the multifunctional effects of improving the growth of crops and increasing the yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation are difficult to meet the requirements simultaneously: 1. the invention provides a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil, which has the advantages of long-term and short-term effects, 2, the technical difficulties of ensuring the normal growth of crops and the safety of agricultural products, and the invention provides a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil. The calcareous material can realize multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acid regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil.
The invention further aims to provide a using method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1).
Further, the weight parts of the components of the calcareous material are as follows: dolomite: limestone: the zinc-containing preparation is (1-1.5): (3-3.5): (5-6.5): (0.05-0.1).
Further, the weight parts of the components of the calcareous material are as follows: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing formulation ═ 1: 3: 6: 0.1.
further, the zinc-containing preparation comprises more than one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc humate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc salt.
A preparation method of a special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acid soil comprises the following steps: grinding and sieving the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone respectively; and then uniformly mixing the ground and sieved quicklime, dolomite and limestone with a zinc-containing preparation according to a weight ratio to obtain the zinc-containing preparation.
Since the limestone and dolomite used in the present invention must be ground into powder before they are completely dispersed in the soil, it is required that the dolomite and limestone should be entirely sieved through a 20 mesh sieve and a certain proportion pass through a 100 mesh sieve (the proportion is not necessarily limited). After grinding, the components are uniformly mixed in weight ratio to obtain the calcareous material.
The invention also provides an application method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil, which comprises the following steps: before ploughing, uniformly spreading the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil on the surface of the ploughed soil, and immediately ploughing for 20cm to realize that the calcareous material is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer; the application amount of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is 250 kilograms per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil can realize the multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acidity regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield.
2. The invention adopts the combination and the optimal proportion of the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone, realizes the effects of supplementing the magnesium element of the soil, improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield while not sacrificing and having the quick-acting and long-acting regulation and control effects on acidified soil.
3. The zinc element in the special calcareous material formula for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is added, so that the effects of further reducing the cadmium content in rice and improving the crop yield are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of pH values of three different sets of calcareous materials of example 1 after conditioning acid soils.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the cadmium content of rice obtained by performing different treatments on acid soil according to example 1, wherein "blank" refers to blank group, "limestone" refers to limestone treatment group, "group 2" refers to group 2 treatment group, and "group 1" refers to group 1 treatment group.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of rice yields for combination 2, limestone treatment group and blank group of example 1, where "blank" refers to blank group, "lime" refers to limestone treatment group, and "combination 2" refers to combination 2 treatment group.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of corn yield for blank, limestone treatment, and combination 2 of example 2, where "blank" refers to blank, "lime" refers to limestone treatment, and "combination 2" refers to combination 2 treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The raw material requirements used in the following examples are as follows:
the calcium and magnesium oxide content in the quicklime is required to be more than 75 percent, and the heavy metal content is required to be as follows: cd (less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg), Pb (less than or equal to 100mg/kg), Cr (less than or equal to 150mg/kg), As (less than or equal to 30mg/kg) and Hg (2.0 mg/kg). The content of calcium and magnesium oxide in dolomite and limestone is required to be more than 40%, and the content of heavy metal is required to be: cd (less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg), Pb (less than or equal to 100mg/kg), Cr (less than or equal to 150mg/kg), As (less than or equal to 30mg/kg) and Hg (2.0 mg/kg).
Example 1:
1. preparing a special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil:
first, quicklime, dolomite and limestone are ground separately, wherein the dolomite and limestone must pass through a 20 mesh screen. Then, grinding the quicklime, the dolomite, the limestone and the zinc sulfate according to the weight ratio of 10: 30: 60: 0.1, and obtaining the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil, which is marked as combination 2.
2. In order to illustrate the effect of zinc element on the heavy metal content in crops, a control experiment was set up:
first, quicklime, dolomite and limestone are ground separately, wherein the dolomite and limestone must pass through a 20 mesh screen. Then, grinding the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone according to the weight ratio of 10: 30: 60 was homogenized and is designated as combination 1.
3. Application test:
(1) different blocks are divided on a red soil farmland (pH 4.82) with serious acidification, the calcareous material (combination 2), limestone and quicklime prepared in the embodiment are respectively and uniformly applied, the application amount is 250 kg/mu, and then the plowing depth is about 20cm, so that the improved material and the soil of a plough layer are fully and uniformly mixed.
To illustrate the advantage of combination 2 in the long term adjustment of acidified soil pH to the traditional use of quicklime and limestone, the pH of the field plot soil at different times was measured and compared for the three treatment groups described above (i.e., combination 2 treatment group, quicklime treatment group, limestone treatment group), respectively. The method for measuring the pH value of the soil comprises the following steps: collecting soil samples at different time points, weighing 5g of soil in a centrifuge tube, adding 25mL of carbon dioxide-free water, setting the mass ratio of soil to water to be 1:5, stirring for 2min, standing for 30min, and measuring the supernatant by using a pH meter. Specific data are shown in table 1 and fig. 1. As shown in table 1 and fig. 1, under the condition of the same equivalent, the calcareous material provided by the invention, namely the combination 2, has quick-acting and slow-release effects on the adjustment of the pH of the acidified soil, not only solves the problems of crop seedling burning and the like caused by overhigh initial adjustment of the pH by quicklime, but also can realize the performance of improving the acidified soil for a long time, and is superior to that of singly applying limestone.
TABLE 1 soil pH at different times for three control plots
(2) In this example, the cadmium content of rice was also measured and compared for each of the four treatment groups (i.e., limestone treatment group, combination 1 treatment group, combination 2 treatment group, blank group without any remediation treatment of soil).
The experimental process comprises the following steps: different blocks are divided on a red soil farmland (pH 4.82) with serious acidification, and are respectively a blank group, a limestone treatment group, a combination 1 treatment group and a combination 2 treatment group. Except for the blank group, the combination 2 treatment group, the combination 1 treatment group and the limestone treatment group uniformly applied the calcareous material (combination 2), the combination 1 and the limestone prepared in this example in an application amount of 250 kg/mu, respectively, and then plowed to a depth of about 20cm, so that the improved material was sufficiently and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer. After the treatment is finished for 1-2 days, the rice is normally planted according to the conventional technology, the cadmium content and the yield of the rice are measured after the rice is harvested, and the measurement results are respectively shown in a figure 2 and a figure 3.
The method for measuring the cadmium content of the rice is mainly used for preparing samples according to GB/T23349 and measuring heavy metals according to NY/T1978. As shown in fig. 2, the heavy metal contents of rice in the four treatment groups were: 0.281mg/kg (limestone treatment group), 0.242mg/kg (blank treatment group), 0.207mg/kg (combination 1 treatment group), 0.153g/kg (combination 2 treatment group). It can be seen that the rice cadmium content of the combination 2 treated group was significantly lower than that of the combination 1, blank group, and limestone treated groups. Thus proving that the cadmium reduction capability of the calcareous material on rice is obviously superior to that of the blank group. Meanwhile, the results also prove that the trace element components in the calcareous material have the capacity of remarkably reducing the cadmium content of rice, and further prove the superiority of the formula.
In addition, there was also significant variability in rice yield for combination 2, limestone treated and blank. As shown in FIG. 3, the rice yield (8.0 ton/ha) of the farmland treated by the calcareous material (i.e. combination 2) of the invention is significantly better than that of the limestone treatment group (7.32 ton/ha) and the blank group (6.68 ton/ha), which shows that the performance of the calcareous material of the invention in improving the rice yield is significantly better than that of the limestone treatment group, and the calcareous material has a good effect of improving the crop growth.
Example 2:
the effect of the formulation of the present invention on increasing the yield of other crops was further demonstrated and in example 2, the effect of the present invention on increasing the yield of corn was tested. The specific scheme is as follows:
1. preparing a special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil:
first, quicklime, dolomite and limestone are ground separately, wherein the dolomite and limestone must pass through a 20 mesh screen. Then, grinding the quicklime, the dolomite, the limestone and the zinc sulfate according to the weight ratio of 10: 30: 60: 0.1, and obtaining the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil, which is marked as combination 2.
2. Application test:
3 blocks were divided in acidified red soil dry land (pH 4.82) into blank group (i.e. without any remediation treatment of the soil), limestone treatment group and combination 2 treatment group. Except for the blank group, the limestone material (group 2) prepared in this example and limestone were uniformly applied to the group 2 treatment group and the limestone treatment group, respectively, at an application rate of 250 kg/mu, and then plowing was carried out to a depth of about 20cm, so that the improved material was sufficiently and uniformly mixed with the soil of the cultivated layer. After the treatment is finished for 1-2 days, the corn is normally planted according to the conventional technology.
After harvesting the corn, the effect of the three treatment groups on improving the corn yield is compared, and the experimental results are shown in fig. 4. According to the experimental results, the calcareous material treated dry land plot of the present invention has a corn yield of 4 tons/ha, significantly better than the limestone treatment group of 3.5 tons/ha and the blank group (2.3 tons/ha). The results demonstrate that the calcareous material of the invention is significantly superior to the performance of the limestone material in improving the yield of dry land crops such as corn.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1).
2. The special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lime material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: the zinc-containing preparation is (1-1.5): (3-3.5): (5-6.5): (0.05-0.1).
3. The special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lime material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing formulation ═ 1: 3: 6: 0.1.
4. the special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acidic soil according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the zinc-containing preparation comprises more than one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc humate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc salt.
5. The preparation method of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acidic soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: grinding and sieving the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone respectively; and then uniformly mixing the ground and sieved quicklime, dolomite and limestone with a zinc-containing preparation according to a weight ratio to obtain the zinc-containing preparation.
6. The use of the special calcareous material for cadmium-contaminated acid soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for acid soil improvement and/or cadmium passivation.
7. The application of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the application method of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is as follows: before ploughing, uniformly spreading the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil on the surface of the ploughed soil, and immediately ploughing for 20cm to realize that the calcareous material is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer; the application amount of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is 250 kilograms per mu.
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