CN110746228A - Fertilizer suitable for rice and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer suitable for rice and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110746228A CN110746228A CN201911250550.8A CN201911250550A CN110746228A CN 110746228 A CN110746228 A CN 110746228A CN 201911250550 A CN201911250550 A CN 201911250550A CN 110746228 A CN110746228 A CN 110746228A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer suitable for rice, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises a foliar spray agent and a soil conditioner, and the foliar spray agent comprises: 230 portions of silicon dioxide 200-containing materials, 60-80 portions of potassium nitrate, 8-15 portions of calcium nitrate, 2-3 portions of selenium, less than 2 portions of additive elements, 1-2 portions of plant growth regulator, less than 0.1 portion of bacteriostatic agent and 1000 portions of water; the soil conditioner comprises: 60-100 parts of potassium-rich rock, 30-50 parts of quick lime, 300 parts of sugar alcohol solution 150-.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, particularly rice fertilizers, and more particularly relates to a fertilizer suitable for reducing cadmium pollution of brown rice of rice, a preparation method and application.
Background
As known in the art, cadmium is a heavy metal element, and forms an inorganic compound with chemical elements such as oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur, which are distributed in nature. With the rapid development of modern industry, the pollution caused by three wastes of industry is more and more serious, cadmium pollution is caused to farmland rice, and meanwhile, the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture, especially the use of phosphate fertilizers (the content of cadmium in the phosphate fertilizers and compound fertilizers) directly pollutes soil. The results of soil sampling survey conducted in Guangdong Shaoshaguan City of 2007 showed that: the exceeding rate of heavy metals in soil of Shaoguan city is 22.77%, wherein cadmium exceeds 30 times; the cadmium content of soil in the areas of Changsha, Hunan pond, Tanzhou and the like in Hunan province is averagely over 9.7mg/kg (the negative value of the cadmium content of the soil is 3mg/kg according to the national standard), and the highest value is over 29 times; cadmium pollution of rice in cadmium pollution areas such as Guizhou Huzhang, Jiangxi Dayu, Zhejiang Wenzhou and Shenyang Zhang Shi irrigation areas seriously exceeds the standard. The event of cadmium rice in Hunan province in 2013 arouses national attention. With the advent of the opinion on restoration of heavy metal contaminated cultivated land in Hunan and adjustment of crop planting structure in trial and error in the Ministry of agriculture and finance in 2014, national heavy metal contamination treatment is marked, and the work of reducing cadmium in rice is formally developed.
Heavy metal pollution generally refers to pollution of lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium to soil crops. Cadmium is one of the toxic elements, and has strong biological toxicity and strongest chemical toxicity, so that cadmium is one of all toxic metal elements which has the greatest harm to human health.
Cadmium is absorbed by plant root system and transferred to plant body and other parts more easily than other metals, and can be combined with membrane protein of plant cell plasma membrane, etc. to change its configuration, and directly affect the activity of membrane protein, so that it has strong toxicity to plant. Cadmium strongly inhibits the growth of plants and cells, and when the concentration of cadmium in plant tissues reaches 1umol/L, the cadmium can damage the plasma membrane permeability of plant cells, physiological and biochemical processes such as water metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, enzyme activity and the like, soil microorganisms and the like, thereby influencing the growth of plants.
Cadmium is transmitted through the food chain and taken into human bodies, has great harm to health, such as generating toxicity to kidney, lung, liver, testis, brain, bone and blood system, and is listed as the sixth toxic substance endangering human health by the American Committee for toxin management.
Because the cadmium ion mobility is very strong, the cadmium reduction effect of the existing fertilizer is single and not obvious, the effect of double management cannot be formed, and the development of the fertilizer specially belonging to rice is not technically referable, so that the development of a more efficient cadmium reduction fertilizer is needed to meet the production requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing a fertilizer suitable for rice, a preparation method and use thereof, the fertilizer is helpful for leading stems and leaves at the upper part of the rice and roots in soil to simultaneously play a role in controlling cadmium, thereby realizing the ideal cadmium reduction effect of brown rice, simultaneously giving consideration to the essential nutrient elements and the cadmium prevention effect of rice production, avoiding considering the two, further obviously improving the rice yield, improving the trace elements in the rice which are beneficial to human bodies, improving the added value of the rice,
in order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fertilizer suitable for rice and a preparation method thereof comprise two parts of a foliar spray agent and a soil conditioner, wherein the foliar spray agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 230 portions of silicon dioxide 200-containing materials, 60-80 portions of potassium nitrate, 8-15 portions of calcium nitrate, 2-3 portions of selenium, less than 2 portions of additive elements, 1-2 portions of plant growth regulator, less than 0.1 portion of bacteriostatic agent and 1000 portions of water;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of potassium-rich rock, 30-50 parts of quick lime, 300 parts of sugar alcohol solution 150-.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the foliage spray agent, the silicon dioxide is water-soluble silicon dioxide; selenium is water-soluble organic selenium; the additive element is any one or combination of more of magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and boron; the plant growth regulator is mixed regulator or brassin; the bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim;
in the soil conditioner, the sugar alcohol solution is one or more of xylitol, sorbitol solution, maltitol solution, mannitol, and citrate sugar alcohol solution, and the concentration of the sugar alcohol solution is 10-500 g/L; the trace elements are one or more of molybdenum, iron and manganese; the livestock manure is pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure or duck manure; the crop straws are as follows: straw, tobacco stalk, wheat stalk or corn stalk; the biological bacteria is one or more of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes 5406 and yeast; the bactericide is prochloraz or hymexazol.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the mixed regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of allantoin, 0.5-0.8 part of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 part of borax, 0.3-0.5 part of manganese oxide or manganese sulfate and 0.001-0.002 part of ammonium molybdate, and all the raw materials of the mixed regulator are sieved by a sieve of 60-140 meshes.
A preparation method of a fertilizer suitable for rice comprises the following steps of: taking a stirring device, sequentially adding the raw materials into the stirring device, uniformly stirring, controlling the stirring time and the stirring speed, and finally discharging and filling to obtain the foliar spraying agent;
the preparation process of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding the quicklime to be below 200 meshes, and fully stirring and mixing the ground quicklime and the sugar alcohol solution according to the parts ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2, carrying out microwave reaction on the mixed material for multiple times until the mixed material is completely dissolved;
s3, transferring the completely dissolved mixed material and the prepared potassium-rich rock into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing high-pressure steam, and reacting for several hours at high temperature and high pressure to complete the hydrothermal chemical reaction to obtain mineral fertilizer in a semi-wet state;
s4, drying the semi-wet mineral fertilizer to obtain a potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral for later use;
s5, crushing crop straws, mixing the crushed crop straws with the livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and biological bacteria for later use, and fermenting and maturing the mixture into a biological organic formula for later use;
s6, crushing and mixing the urea, the diammonium phosphate and the trace elements for later use according to the parts ratio to form an inorganic optimized formula for later use;
s7, crushing and uniformly mixing the potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral, the bio-organic formula and the inorganic optimized formula, then adding a bactericide, and performing high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying to obtain a primary mixed material for later use;
and S8, drying and crushing the primary mixed material, and then centrifugally drying, screening, granulating and bagging the primary mixed material to be sold and used in various places.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the stirring time of the foliar spray agent is controlled to be 30-50min, the stirring speed is 5-15rpm, and the stirring device is a stirring tank;
the microwave frequency in the S2 is two times, and the microwave conditions are as follows: in the first microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 50-95 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours; in the second microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours;
the reaction under high temperature and high pressure for several hours in S3 means that the reaction is carried out for 10 to 12 hours under the static constant temperature of 190 to 200 ℃ and 11 to 13 atmospheric pressures;
the fermentation in S5 includes stacking fermentation and static fermentation:
s51 stacking fermentation: mixing the crushed crop straws with the spare livestock and poultry manure and humic acid, adding biological bacteria, and mixing according to the following ratio: width: length is 1: 1: 1.5-1: 2: 4, stacking, measuring the temperature once a day, starting mechanical stack turning when the temperature of the stack rises to 45-55 ℃, turning once every 2-3 days, turning once a day when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, fermenting for 9-10 days, and then filling into a static fermentation bag for static fermentation;
s52 static fermentation: 0.5-1m for static fermentation3The fermented material is packed by static fermentation with holes, and is placed on a storehouse cushion plate for fermentation without turning over; after fermentation is carried out until the temperature begins to drop, detecting the moisture, and stopping static fermentation when the moisture is less than or equal to 20%;
in S7, the evaporation capacity of high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying is 4.6-124.8 kg/h, and the rotating speed is more than 3000 r/S;
in S8, the primary mixed material is granulated by a matrix composite disc machine.
A method for using a fertilizer suitable for rice,
the application method of the foliar spray agent comprises the following steps: diluting 1000 ~ 2000 times and stirring evenly with foliage spray agent water during the use and obtaining spray, the reuse spray is sprayed rice foliage stage by stage, and the foliage stage is sprayed the process and is: uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 300-500 g/mu in the tillering stage of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once according to the amount of 200-400 g/mu after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the leaf surfaces of the rice according to the amount of 500-800 g/mu in the booting period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 400-700 g/mu in the grouting and maturing period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week;
the application method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is used once before the rice seeding and in the heading period, and the dosage is 700-1300kg/hm2(hectare).
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the leaf surface spraying agent avoids the time period of direct and violent sunlight and the time period of rice leaf water when spraying, the spraying time is preferably before 9 am or after 4 pm, and the size of the sprayed liquid drop is adjusted to be 80 microns; the total dosage of the soil conditioner for two times is 1800-2200 kg/hm2(hectare).
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the comprehensive measures for reducing the cadmium are not only reducing the sources, but also reducing the total amount and the activity of the cadmium. The invention starts from the angle of reducing the total amount and the activity of cadmium, can improve the soil fertility, improve the soil structure, reduce the capillary water movement speed and the ineffective evaporation of water, has obvious effect of inhibiting salt return, and simultaneously effectively reduces the cadmium under the condition of double pipes by the specially-proportioned leaf fertilizer.
Regarding the pollution of cadmium to rice, the cadmium content in different parts of rice plants is different, and the cadmium content is arranged in the order from big to small: root, stem and leaf, brown rice, so to reduce the control of cadmium and other heavy metals of rice, the key point is to treat the heavy metal of soil, through dressing organic fertilizer, apply basic fertilizers such as calcium lime, nitrogenous fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer, can raise the pH value of soil on the one hand, on the other hand can increase silicate ion and heavy metal ion such as cadmium to produce redox reaction, make it precipitate and solidify, increase biological fertilizer, biological carbon fertilizer, humic acid, amino acid fertilizer, etc. fertilizer at the same time, through the effects such as absorption, etc., reduce the heavy metal ion and is absorbed by the plant. By the control of the root, the heavy metal ions such as 80 percent of cadmium and the like can be reduced to enter the upper part of the plant.
Because the biological migration of cadmium is very strong, part of cadmium ions still enter the plant body on the upper part of the soil after root treatment, so a foliar spraying agent is needed to achieve the aim of reducing the cadmium of the brown rice, and the use of the foliar control agent is one of the most important methods for reducing the cadmium of the brown rice and is also one of the measures with the best effect. By using the foliar spray agent, the cadmium of the brown rice is reduced by 25-50 percent, generally more than 30 percent, and the safety of the brown rice can basically return to the national standard.
Experiments show that the content of organic matters in the soil has obvious influence on the activity of cadmium. The buffer solution formed by the organic fertilizer in the soil conditioner can reduce the soil acidification degree, improve the pH value of the soil and reduce the activity of cadmium; the organic substance has a chelating effect on cadmium ions, and can also reduce the absorption of cadmium by rice plants. Therefore, increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer is an effective method for improving soil and reducing the cadmium content of rice. Meanwhile, the pH value of the soil can be rapidly increased by applying quicklime, so that the active cadmium ions are passivated, and the content of the effective cadmium in the soil is reduced. Reduce the absorption of cadmium by rice plants.
The principle of cadmium reduction of the trace element fertilizer (magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and boron) of the foliar spray agent is as follows: there is a partly common way for crops to absorb cadmium and mineral elements such as magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and boron. When the soil contains a high heavy metal content and pollutes the soil seriously, the other trace element which has less harm to crops and is beneficial to the growth of the crops when the concentration is low can be used for antagonizing the heavy metal. In previous researches, more and more evidences show that the interaction between cadmium and iron exists, and the cadmium content and the accumulation amount in rice plants and rice can be obviously reduced by applying iron fertilizer. Manganese has also been reported to effectively control cadmium accumulation in rice. Since cadmium and zinc are usually endogenous, elements of the same period, and have similar chemical properties and geochemical behaviors, zinc has the characteristic of antagonizing the absorption of cadmium by plants. The toxic action of silicon on cadmium is that silicon can obviously increase the adsorption amount of soil to cadmium, and simultaneously silicon can inhibit cadmium from entering rice plants, so that the distribution and accumulation of cadmium in rice roots, leaves and leaf sheaths are reduced, and simultaneously silicon can inhibit the toxic action of cadmium on physiological and biochemical metabolism of rice plants. Therefore, the use of trace element fertilizers (iron, zinc, manganese, nitrogen fertilizers, etc.) on the cadmium-polluted rice soil is one of effective measures for reducing cadmium toxicity of rice and rice content.
As the trace element selenium is introduced into the formula of the foliar spray, and the selenium has the effects of resisting cancers, oxidation and harmful heavy metals, regulating the absorption of vitamins A, C and E, facilitating the synthesis of protein, enhancing reproductive function and the like, the foliar spray is beneficial to prolonging the life of a human body and also can obviously improve the additional value of rice; fourthly, the preparation method has simple process and non-harsh process elements, so the requirement of industrial scale-up production can be met; fifthly, the provided use method is very convenient and high in efficiency, and the technical effect of liquid level resistance control can be guaranteed.
The foliage spraying agent ensures that cadmium in the rice does not exceed the standard while the rice is rich in selenium, thereby achieving the double effects of selenium enrichment and cadmium reduction. The technology has important ecological value, social value and economic value, has important significance for normal production of crops such as grains in heavy metal polluted areas and the like, and no standard exceeding of the heavy metal content in the crops, and is also important innovation and exploration for treating heavy metal pollution.
The organic matter cadmium reduction principle of the soil conditioner is as follows: the organic matter is applied to the cadmium-polluted soil, so that the soil fertility can be improved, the soil properties can be improved, and the bioavailability of cadmium can be better reduced. Due to the existence of a large number of functional groups in the organic matter and the large specific surface area, cadmium ions in the soil and the organic complex of cadmium can be promoted to form, the adsorption capacity of the soil to cadmium is improved, and the buffer capacity of the soil to cadmium is improved, so that the absorption of rice to cadmium is reduced, and the rice is prevented from entering a food chain. Therefore, the organic matter applied to the cadmium polluted soil is a very effective treatment method.
Because the main components in the formula are potassium-rich rock and quicklime which are rich in silicon, potassium and calcium, after rice absorbs the elements, physiological action is generated, the combined silicate ions react with cadmium ions to form silicate compound precipitates which are not easy to be absorbed by plants, the migration of the cadmium ions can be effectively inhibited, and meanwhile, the calcium ions can generate antagonistic action, so that stems and leaves on the upper part of the rice and roots in soil simultaneously play a role in inhibiting cadmium, and the ideal cadmium reduction effect of the brown rice is ensured; meanwhile, because the silicon, the calcium and the additive elements are all necessary nutrient elements for the rice and other crops, the cadmium-resistant rice can reflect the double functions of cadmium resistance and nutrition absorption by plants, and the yield of the rice per mu can be increased by more than 6%.
The rich organic matters can improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, mature the soil and fertilize the soil. The fertilizer prepared by the invention meets the nutrients required by the rice in the growth process, does not need to additionally apply chemical fertilizers containing cadmium elements, avoids the excessive cadmium content in the fertilizing process,
the potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral fertilizer can obviously improve the total grain number of rice ears, the grain number of rice ears and the setting rate, improve the rice yield and increase the yield by 7.5 to 16.0 percent; the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are increased, the pH value of the soil is improved, and the content of available Cd in the soil is reduced, so that the accumulation of Cd in the rice is reduced, and the content of Cd in the rice is reduced to 38.6% to the maximum extent. The potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral fertilizer is to achieve the best effect of reducing the resistance of heavy metal Cd in rice, and the application amount of the potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral fertilizer cannot be lower than 1425kg/hm2)。
The contained brassinolide is also called brassinolide, is a novel plant endogenous hormone, is a well-known high-efficiency, broad-spectrum and non-toxic plant growth regulator, has strong penetration and rapid systemic absorption, and can obviously increase the growth of nutrient bodies of plants and promote fertilization under very low concentration. The chlorophyll content can be effectively increased, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, the root and seedling strengthening and the flower and fruit retention are promoted; the cold resistance, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance and other stress resistances of crops are improved, and the occurrence of diseases is obviously reduced; and can remarkably relieve the occurrence of phytotoxicity, quickly recover the growth of crops and eliminate disease spots.
The raw material components of the invention compensate each other, adopt the appropriate carbon-nitrogen ratio, the nutrient is abundant and comprehensive, meet the rice growth requirement. Simple production and convenient use, does not influence the normal production capacity of the rice field, has obvious cadmium reduction effect, improves the quality safety of rice food, can effectively improve the soil property, and achieves multiple purposes of yield increase, efficiency improvement and environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The invention discloses a fertilizer suitable for rice, which comprises two parts of a foliar spray agent and a soil conditioner, wherein the foliar spray agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 230 portions of silicon dioxide 200-containing materials, 60-80 portions of potassium nitrate, 8-15 portions of calcium nitrate, 2-3 portions of selenium, less than 2 portions of additive elements, 1-2 portions of plant growth regulator, less than 0.1 portion of bacteriostatic agent and 1000 portions of water;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of potassium-rich rock, 30-50 parts of quick lime, 300 parts of sugar alcohol solution 150-.
In the foliage spray agent, the silicon dioxide is water-soluble silicon dioxide; selenium is water-soluble organic selenium; the additive element is any one or combination of more of magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and boron; the plant growth regulator is mixed regulator or brassin; the bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim;
in the soil conditioner, the sugar alcohol solution is one or more of xylitol, sorbitol solution, maltitol solution, mannitol, and citrate sugar alcohol solution, and the concentration of the sugar alcohol solution is 10-500 g/L; the trace elements are one or more of molybdenum, iron and manganese; the livestock manure is pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure or duck manure; the crop straws are as follows: straw, tobacco stalk, wheat stalk or corn stalk; the biological bacteria is one or more of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes 5406 and yeast; the bactericide is prochloraz or hymexazol.
The mixed regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of allantoin, 0.5-0.8 part of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 part of borax, 0.3-0.5 part of manganese oxide or manganese sulfate and 0.001-0.002 part of ammonium molybdate, and all the raw materials of the mixed regulator are sieved by a sieve of 60-140 meshes.
The preparation process of the foliage spray comprises the following steps: taking a stirring device, sequentially adding the raw materials into the stirring device, uniformly stirring, controlling the stirring time and the stirring speed, and finally discharging and filling to obtain the foliar spraying agent;
the preparation process of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding the quicklime to be below 200 meshes, and fully stirring and mixing the ground quicklime and the sugar alcohol solution according to the parts ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2, carrying out microwave reaction on the mixed material for multiple times until the mixed material is completely dissolved;
s3, transferring the completely dissolved mixed material and the prepared potassium-rich rock into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing high-pressure steam, and reacting for several hours at high temperature and high pressure to complete the hydrothermal chemical reaction to obtain mineral fertilizer in a semi-wet state;
s4, drying the semi-wet mineral fertilizer to obtain a potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral for later use;
s5, crushing crop straws, mixing the crushed crop straws with the livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and biological bacteria for later use, and fermenting and maturing the mixture into a biological organic formula for later use;
s6, crushing and mixing the urea, the diammonium phosphate and the trace elements for later use according to the parts ratio to form an inorganic optimized formula for later use;
s7, crushing and uniformly mixing the potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral, the bio-organic formula and the inorganic optimized formula, then adding a bactericide, and performing high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying to obtain a primary mixed material for later use;
and S8, drying and crushing the primary mixed material, and then centrifugally drying, screening, granulating and bagging the primary mixed material to be sold and used in various places.
In the preparation method, the stirring time of the foliar spray agent is controlled to be 30-50min, the stirring speed is 5-15rpm, and the stirring device is a stirring tank;
the microwave frequency in the S2 is two times, and the microwave conditions are as follows: in the first microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 50-95 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours; in the second microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours;
the reaction under high temperature and high pressure for several hours in S3 means that the reaction is carried out for 10 to 12 hours under the static constant temperature of 190 to 200 ℃ and 11 to 13 atmospheric pressures;
the fermentation in S5 includes stacking fermentation and static fermentation:
s51 stacking fermentation: mixing the crushed crop straws with the spare livestock and poultry manure and humic acid, adding biological bacteria, and mixing according to the following ratio: width: length is 1: 1: 1.5-1: 2: 4, stacking, measuring the temperature once a day, starting mechanical stack turning when the temperature of the stack rises to 45-55 ℃, turning once every 2-3 days, turning once a day when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, fermenting for 9-10 days, and then filling into a static fermentation bag for static fermentation;
s52 static fermentation: 0.5-1m for static fermentation3The fermented material is packed by static fermentation with holes, and is placed on a storehouse cushion plate for fermentation without turning over; after fermentation is carried out until the temperature begins to drop, detecting the moisture, and stopping static fermentation when the moisture is less than or equal to 20%;
in S7, the evaporation capacity of high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying is 4.6-124.8 kg/h, and the rotating speed is more than 3000 r/S;
in S8, the primary mixed material is granulated by a matrix composite disc machine.
In the aspect of the using method, the using method of the foliar spray agent comprises the following steps: diluting 1000 ~ 2000 times and stirring evenly with foliage spray agent water during the use and obtaining spray, the reuse spray is sprayed rice foliage stage by stage, and the foliage stage is sprayed the process and is: uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 300-500 g/mu in the tillering stage of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once according to the amount of 200-400 g/mu after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the leaf surfaces of the rice according to the amount of 500-800 g/mu in the booting period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 400-700 g/mu in the grouting and maturing period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week;
the application method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is used once before the rice seeding and in the heading period, and the dosage is 700-1300kg/hm2(hectare).
The leaf surface spraying agent avoids the time period of direct and violent sunlight and the time period of rice leaf water when spraying, the spraying time is preferably before 9 am or after 4 pm, and the size of the sprayed liquid drop is adjusted to be 80 microns; the total dosage of the soil conditioner for two times is 1800-2200 kg/hm2(hectare).
The quality of the soil conditioner produced according to the invention meets the national agricultural industry standards of organic fertilizer NY525-2012 and biological organic fertilizer NY884-2004 simultaneously, and the main indexes of the product are as follows:
1. organic matter is more than or equal to 35 percent;
2. the total nutrient (N + P2O5+ K2O) is more than or equal to 5 percent;
3. the effective viable count (cfu) is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g;
4. the water content is less than or equal to 2 percent;
5. the granularity (2.00 mm-4.00 mm) is more than or equal to 70 percent;
6. pH value (pH) 5.5-8.5;
7. the trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, silicon and the like are more than or equal to 1 percent;
8. 0.1-0.01 of Escherichia coli;
9. the death rate of roundworms is 0.95 to 1.00;
10. the heavy metal value (mg/kg) is less than or equal to 220, wherein: total cadmium (calculated by Cd) is less than or equal to 3, total mercury (calculated by Hg) is less than or equal to 2, total lead (calculated by Pb) is less than or equal to 50, total chromium (calculated by Cr) is less than or equal to 150, and total arsenic (calculated by As) is less than or equal to 15.
11. The product has a shelf life of 36 months.
The foliage spray and the soil conditioner have the following advantages:
(1) the cadmium ions are strong in mobility, so that a small number of cadmium ions entering branches, stems and leaves are required to be sprayed through leaf surfaces, the cadmium ions can be precipitated and fixed, the absorption mechanism of silicon on cadmium is a physiological effect, the silicon can also improve the chlorophyll content, the photosynthesis is increased, and the effects of increasing yield and resisting diseases and insect pests are achieved. Calcium is an important element constituting plant cell walls, an important component of plant cell plasma membranes, and it also neutralizes acidity and detoxifies, and counteracts some harmful ions. The potassium has various effects on the growth and development of crops, and can increase the turgor pressure of cells, ensure the elasticity of guard cells of leaf stomata and regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.
(2) After the rice is used, through a comparison experiment, the cadmium content of the brown rice can be reduced by 25-50% (the cadmium content of the rice is not more than 0.2, and the pollution-free requirement can be met). In the prior art, the cadmium content of the brown rice polluted by cadmium is more than 0.3mg/kg, and the brown rice is used as a foliar resistance control agent or a foliar fertilizer, and the brown rice slides off with wind after being sprayed. After being sprayed, the fertilizer can be stuck on leaves, stems and branches of rice and absorbed by fine fertilizer. After the spraying agent is sprayed at the tillering stage and the young ear forming stage of the rice, the grain number and the thousand grain weight of the rice are increased, and the maturing rate is improved. Simultaneously, the yield per mu of the rice is increased by more than 10 percent by combining with the soil conditioner.
(3) The added elements of iron, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese and selenium are all trace elements and beneficial elements required by rice and other crops, and although the elements absorb nutrients through leaf surfaces, the elements are as effective as roots and can more effectively regulate the activity of enzymes in plants. The selenium-containing rice and selenium-containing agricultural products have good effects of preventing and treating cancers and cardiovascular diseases, and the price of the products can be increased by 10-30%.
(4) The invention has the functions of reducing heavy metal harm and improving quality and yield of crops such as fruit trees, vegetables, tea, Chinese dates, sugarcane, tobacco and the like except rice. After the apple is sprayed and used, the sweetness is increased by one level, the surface is smooth without disease spots, the cracking of the Xinjiang jujube is reduced by about 80 percent after the Xinjiang jujube is used, and the yield is improved by more than 10 percent. The yield increasing effect of the crops is over 5 percent, and some crops can reach 30 percent.
(5) The cadmium reduction of the organic matters of the soil conditioner can improve the soil fertility and improve the soil property on one hand, and can also better reduce the bioavailability of the cadmium and effectively inhibit the migration of cadmium ions on the other hand.
(6) The product has the advantages of rapid onset of drug action and high utilization rate.
Claims (7)
1. A fertilizer suitable for rice is characterized in that: the soil conditioner comprises two parts of a foliar spray agent and a soil conditioner, wherein the foliar spray agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 230 portions of silicon dioxide 200-containing materials, 60-80 portions of potassium nitrate, 8-15 portions of calcium nitrate, 2-3 portions of selenium, less than 2 portions of additive elements, 1-2 portions of plant growth regulator, less than 0.1 portion of bacteriostatic agent and 1000 portions of water;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of potassium-rich rock, 30-50 parts of quick lime, 300 parts of sugar alcohol solution 150-.
2. A fertilizer for rice according to claim 1, wherein: in the foliage spray agent, the silicon dioxide is water-soluble silicon dioxide; selenium is water-soluble organic selenium; the additive element is any one or combination of more of magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and boron; the plant growth regulator is mixed regulator or brassin; the bacteriostatic agent is carbendazim;
in the soil conditioner, the sugar alcohol solution is one or more of xylitol, sorbitol solution, maltitol solution, mannitol, and citrate sugar alcohol solution, and the concentration of the sugar alcohol solution is 10-500 g/L; the trace elements are one or more of molybdenum, iron and manganese; the livestock manure is pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure or duck manure; the crop straws are as follows: straw, tobacco stalk, wheat stalk or corn stalk; the biological bacteria is one or more of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes 5406 and yeast; the bactericide is prochloraz or hymexazol.
3. A fertilizer for rice according to claim 2, wherein: the mixed regulator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of allantoin, 0.5-0.8 part of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 part of borax, 0.3-0.5 part of manganese oxide or manganese sulfate and 0.001-0.002 part of ammonium molybdate, and all the raw materials of the mixed regulator are sieved by a sieve of 60-140 meshes.
4. The method for preparing a fertilizer for rice according to claim 3, wherein: the preparation process of the foliage spray comprises the following steps: taking a stirring device, sequentially adding the raw materials into the stirring device, uniformly stirring, controlling the stirring time and the stirring speed, and finally discharging and filling to obtain the foliar spraying agent;
the preparation process of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding the quicklime to be below 200 meshes, and fully stirring and mixing the ground quicklime and the sugar alcohol solution according to the parts ratio to obtain a mixed material;
s2, carrying out microwave reaction on the mixed material for multiple times until the mixed material is completely dissolved;
s3, transferring the completely dissolved mixed material and the prepared potassium-rich rock into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing high-pressure steam, and reacting for several hours at high temperature and high pressure to complete the hydrothermal chemical reaction to obtain mineral fertilizer in a semi-wet state;
s4, drying the semi-wet mineral fertilizer to obtain a potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral for later use;
s5, crushing crop straws, mixing the crushed crop straws with the livestock and poultry manure, humic acid and biological bacteria for later use, and fermenting and maturing the mixture into a biological organic formula for later use;
s6, crushing and mixing the urea, the diammonium phosphate and the trace elements for later use according to the parts ratio to form an inorganic optimized formula for later use;
s7, crushing and uniformly mixing the potassium-silicon-calcium microporous mineral, the bio-organic formula and the inorganic optimized formula, then adding a bactericide, and performing high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying to obtain a primary mixed material for later use;
and S8, drying and crushing the primary mixed material, and then centrifugally drying, screening, granulating and bagging the primary mixed material to be sold and used in various places.
5. The method for preparing a fertilizer for rice according to claim 4, wherein: the stirring time of the foliar spray agent is controlled to be 30-50min, the stirring speed is 5-15rpm, and the stirring device is a stirring tank;
the microwave frequency in the S2 is two times, and the microwave conditions are as follows: in the first microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 50-95 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-4 hours; in the second microwave reaction, the microwave frequency is 3GHz-300GHz, the temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours;
the reaction under high temperature and high pressure for several hours in S3 means that the reaction is carried out for 10 to 12 hours under the static constant temperature of 190 to 200 ℃ and 11 to 13 atmospheric pressures;
the fermentation in S5 includes stacking fermentation and static fermentation:
s51 stacking fermentation: mixing the crushed crop straws with the spare livestock and poultry manure and humic acid, adding biological bacteria, and mixing according to the following ratio: width: length is 1: 1: 1.5-1: 2: 4, stacking, measuring the temperature once a day, starting mechanical stack turning when the temperature of the stack rises to 45-55 ℃, turning once every 2-3 days, turning once a day when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, fermenting for 9-10 days, and then filling into a static fermentation bag for static fermentation;
s52 static fermentation: 0.5-1m for static fermentation3The fermented material is packed by static fermentation with holes, and is placed on a storehouse cushion plate for fermentation without turning over; after fermentation is carried out until the temperature begins to drop, detecting the moisture, and stopping static fermentation when the moisture is less than or equal to 20%;
in S7, the evaporation capacity of high-speed centrifugal drying and humidifying is 4.6-124.8 kg/h, and the rotating speed is more than 3000 r/S;
in S8, the primary mixed material is granulated by a matrix composite disc machine.
6. The use method of a fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the application method of the foliar spray agent comprises the following steps: diluting 1000 ~ 2000 times and stirring evenly with foliage spray agent water during the use and obtaining spray, the reuse spray is sprayed rice foliage stage by stage, and the foliage stage is sprayed the process and is: uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 300-500 g/mu in the tillering stage of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once according to the amount of 200-400 g/mu after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the leaf surfaces of the rice according to the amount of 500-800 g/mu in the booting period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week; uniformly spraying the spraying liquid on the surfaces of rice leaves according to the amount of 400-700 g/mu in the grouting and maturing period of the rice, and spraying the spraying liquid once in the same amount after one week;
the application method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is used once before the rice seeding and in the heading period, and the dosage is 700-1300kg/hm2。
7. The use method of a fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the leaf surface spraying agent avoids the time period of direct and violent sunlight and the time period of rice leaf water when spraying, the spraying time is preferably before 9 am or after 4 pm, and the size of the sprayed liquid drop is adjusted to be 80 microns; the total dosage of the soil conditioner for two times is 1800-2200 kg/hm2。
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| CN111484367A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-08-04 | 郑州博翔科技有限公司 | Accurate rice regulation and control method |
| CN112142500A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-29 | 韶关市益金农业有限公司 | Formula and using method of rice field mineral trace element soil conditioner |
| CN113016827A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Foliage resistance and control agent for reducing cadmium content of rice and application thereof |
| CN113105290A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-13 | 广西首信生物科技发展有限公司 | Special organic silicon compound fertilizer for rice |
| CN113292381A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Special liquid fertilizer for medium trace elements and compound microorganisms woody flowers and preparation method thereof |
| CN113321555A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-08-31 | 多农多收技术研究(江苏)有限公司 | Medicament and method capable of effectively preventing grain crops from absorbing cadmium in soil |
| CN116621644A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-08-22 | 赣州联普人生物肥业有限公司 | Heavy metal organic selenium preparation for reducing pesticide residues and controlling heavy metals of crops and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113292381A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-24 | 上海市农业科学院 | Special liquid fertilizer for medium trace elements and compound microorganisms woody flowers and preparation method thereof |
| CN116621644A (en) * | 2023-07-25 | 2023-08-22 | 赣州联普人生物肥业有限公司 | Heavy metal organic selenium preparation for reducing pesticide residues and controlling heavy metals of crops and preparation method thereof |
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