CN113498717A - Low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method - Google Patents
Low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113498717A CN113498717A CN202110654535.0A CN202110654535A CN113498717A CN 113498717 A CN113498717 A CN 113498717A CN 202110654535 A CN202110654535 A CN 202110654535A CN 113498717 A CN113498717 A CN 113498717A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for screening and evaluating low-cadmium rice varieties, which belongs to the technical field of rice variety screening. The method has the advantages that the soil cadmium content condition is known before planting, the block groups are distributed according to the soil cadmium content trend direction in the distribution, the test error caused by uneven soil cadmium content distribution is reduced as much as possible, the variety material arrangement sequence is perpendicular to the soil cadmium content distribution direction, screening materials can be approximately positioned on the same cadmium content distribution line, the test error is reduced, the cadmium pollution degree is redefined, the determination is carried out according to the actual field performance, and the evaluation difficulty caused by the environment diversity is weakened; the stable cadmium low accumulation variety which is actually detected is used as a reference, and the stability of the variety can be screened and verified by adopting average value calculation in each soil classification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice variety screening, in particular to a method for screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety.
Background
The rice grains absorb cadmium and have genotype difference, the rice grains have different planting difference performances in different soils, usually under the condition of high pH, the genotype difference performances are not obvious, but the rice grains have obvious difference in high cadmium and low pH. The early rice seeds have obviously lower cadmium content than late rice seeds due to excessive rainwater in early rice planting, and the screening difficulty is increased.
Factors influencing the cadmium accumulation of rice grains are many, such as pH, eH, active cadmium content, moisture content, organic matter content, fertilization level and the like, and the fact that whether the rice variety is a low-accumulation variety is measured by simply using the soil cadmium content level proves unreasonable in actual planting and screening; the situation that all the cadmium content exceeds the standard or all the cadmium content does not exceed the standard often occurs, the cadmium content of grains does not exceed the standard although the cadmium content of soil exceeds the standard, and the variety with low cadmium accumulation is difficult to judge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for screening and evaluating low-cadmium rice varieties, and solves the technical problems in the background technology.
The method for screening and evaluating the low-cadmium rice variety comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a test field, namely selecting acid soil, and taking the soil with cadmium content exceeding a relevant standard limit value as the test field;
step 2: determining the trend of the cadmium content of the soil, adopting a plurality of point sampling methods to carry out soil sampling on the target planting field block in a shape like a Chinese character 'tian' to detect the total cadmium, and determining the approximate distribution rule and trend of the field block;
and step 3: the field is sorted, the field-raking depth is increased, the field is raked uniformly for more than 3 times, the cadmium content of the soil is uniformly distributed, the flatness of the test field is consistent, and obvious water storage and field exposure are avoided;
and 4, step 4: selecting a comparison variety, namely selecting a variety which has been detected at a plurality of points for a plurality of years at present and shows stable cadmium low accumulation as a comparison;
and 5: field layout is carried out according to the trend that the total cadmium content of soil is from low to high, and the field layout is divided into more than 3 repeated block groups;
step 6: the experimental design comprises the steps of firstly screening cells, and then checking and identifying in a large area;
and 7: cultivation management, namely timely sowing according to local normal production seasons, sowing all varieties at the same time, transplanting at the same time, and adopting other cultivation management measures according to local field production habits;
and 8: sampling and measuring, selecting 16 middle plants of mixed dry-milled brown rice to detect the cadmium content when 90% grains turn yellow in a cell, taking the average value of two continuous years as evaluation data, sampling at five points in a large area, and detecting the cadmium content in the mixed dry-milled brown rice at each point of 3-5 stumps;
and step 9: the screened varieties were evaluated in the manner of total score (average first year cadmium content + average second year cadmium content)/2.
Further, in the step 1, a field block with the pH value of below 6.0, the past condition that the cadmium content of grains exceeds the standard, the middle and upper fertility level, the uniform fertility, the convenient irrigation and drainage, the regular shape and the proper size is selected as a test field, and more than 6 field blocks are selected as the test field according to different ecological environments and one field in each city.
Further, in the step 2, a 9-point sampling method is adopted, the cadmium-polluted rice field is located on the periphery of a mountain edge or a mining area, the cadmium content of the soil of the field is higher on the side close to the mountain edge or the mining area, the lowest value, the highest value and the average value of the 9 data are used as the cadmium content reference of the field, the fields with the difference larger than a set value and irregularity are reselected, the fields without obvious trend but with small cadmium content difference are arranged in a normal block mode according to the shape of the fields.
Furthermore, in the step 4, tests prove that the cadmium content of grains is not overproof when the method is applied to the rice field with medium and low cadmium pollution, and in addition, the control varieties are gradually replaced according to actual needs to screen low cadmium varieties.
Further, in the step 5, a first block is arranged at the end with relatively low cadmium content, cells in the block are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the cadmium content, the cells are arranged in an S shape in sequence from small to large, a second block is arranged in a completely random S shape, the arrangement sequence number of a third block is arranged in an S shape opposite to that of the first block, and if repetition needs to be added, a repeated block is added between the first block and the last block.
Further, in the step 6, the specific process of cell screening is to plant and insert rectangular shape according to 19.8 × 13.2cm specification, 40 holes are planted in each cell, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole, the seedling planting is carried out according to 4 holes × 10 holes, the row spacing between 4 plants is 19.8cm, 15-20cm ditches are opened among block groups, 10cm shallow ditches are opened among the cells, no protection row is arranged between the cells, more than 6 protection rows are arranged at the periphery of the block groups, the distance between each cell and block group and between protection rows is not more than 33.3cm, the process of large area verification and identification is to adopt large area random arrangement without repetition, and the large area is 200m20.3 mu, and is carried out in the same field, and a control variety is required to be set in each field when the control variety is carried out in two or more fields, and the test variety is compared with the control variety in the same field.
Further, in step 9, the specific process of evaluation includes identification and classification of soil types, score calculation, and result judgment.
Furthermore, the process of identifying and classifying the soil types comprises the steps that more than 90% of varieties are higher than 0.2mg/kg, the contrast standard exceeds 1 type, the scoring proportion accounts for 50%, the proportion of the varieties higher than 0.2mg/kg or lower than 0.1mg/kg is less than 90% and is 2 types, the scoring proportion accounts for 35%, more than 90% of varieties are lower than 0.1mg/kg, the contrast standard does not exceed 3 types, and the scoring proportion accounts for 15%.
Further, the score calculation process is that the scores of the similar soil categories are calculated according to the average value, and the specific gravity scores of the 1, 2 and 3 types of soil are added to generate a final score; when individual soil types are missing, the soil type score is calculated according to the specific gravity and then converted to 100 percent.
Further, the result judgment process comprises the steps of firstly carrying out preliminary judgment, preliminarily calculating the cadmium low-accumulation varieties with the comprehensive score lower than the control, preliminarily defining the cadmium low-accumulation varieties according to the actual required percentage, the low accumulation degree of the variety is measured by the score of the current test variety, the final score of the variety is (control-ginseng test variety)/control 100+ control base score, the contrast basis is divided into 60 points, when more than two contrast varieties exist, the comprehensive grade with low comprehensive grade is used as the grade contrast, the variety meeting the requirement enters a large-area check stage, the large-area check is carried out, a five-point method is adopted for mixed sampling rice milling detection, the variety with cadmium content lower than the contrast content at each test point is finally judged as the variety with low cadmium accumulation, the stability of the variety is ensured, the data processing process is that 4 times of repetition is adopted, and the difference between the individual data in the repetition and two of other data is deleted by 10 times.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention aims to redefine and plan the cadmium pollution degree of soil by considering the cadmium accumulation amount of seeds in the actual production of varieties, plant and screen the seeds by adopting a continuous two-year cell and one-year large area check method in a block mode under the condition of setting a reference variety, comprehensively evaluate the cadmium content expression of the seeds in the multi-environment planting process by using a new evaluation method, finally determine the cadmium low-accumulation variety, avoid sampling and detection of rhizosphere soil during harvesting and reduce the screening cost; the dilemma that the situation that the rice detection results are all over standard or all are not over standard and are difficult to judge is solved; multiple environmental conditions are carried out simultaneously, and two-year data averaging is adopted, so that the screening evaluation result is more real and reliable; the situation that judgment is difficult due to poor stability of differences among varieties is avoided; the planting area is relatively small, the screening cost is reduced, the test error caused by the uneven distribution of the cadmium content in the soil is reduced, the cadmium content condition of the soil is known before planting, the block groups are distributed according to the trend direction of the cadmium content in the soil in the distribution, and the test error caused by the uneven distribution of the cadmium content in the soil is reduced as much as possible; the arrangement sequence of the variety materials is vertical to the distribution direction of the cadmium content in the soil, so that the screening materials are approximately positioned on the same cadmium content distribution line, and the test error is further reduced; redefining the cadmium pollution degree, determining according to actual field performance, and weakening the evaluation difficulty caused by environmental diversity; the stable cadmium low accumulation variety which is actually detected is used as a contrast, so that the difficulty that the screening result has no reference is solved; by scoring the cadmium low accumulation capacity of the variety, the cadmium low accumulation degree of the variety can be effectively judged through the score; the average value calculation is adopted in each soil category classification, and the stability of the variety can be screened and verified.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a field layout structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments are given and the present invention is described in further detail. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
A method for screening and evaluating low-cadmium rice varieties is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the test field is selected, under the condition of overhigh pH value, even if the cadmium content in soil exceeds the relevant standard limit value, the rice still shows no over-standard after being planted, so that the field with the pH value of below 6.0, the past condition that the cadmium content in grains exceeds the standard, moderate and upward fertility level, uniform fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, regular shape and proper size is selected as the test field. Selecting more than 6 fields as test fields according to different ecological environments and one field in each city.
Step 2: the cadmium content of soil is judged and the trend is determined, most cadmium-polluted rice fields are positioned at the periphery of a mountain edge or a mining area, and the cadmium content of the soil of the field is generally higher at one side close to the mountain edge or the mining area. And (3) adopting a 9-point sampling method to sample and detect total cadmium in the soil in a shape like a Chinese character 'tian', and determining the approximate distribution rule and trend of the field. And the lowest value, the highest value and the average value in the 9 data are used as the cadmium content reference of the plot, the plots with large and irregular differences are reselected, the plots without obvious trend but small cadmium content difference can be normally arranged into the block according to the shapes of the plots.
And step 3: the field is sorted, the field-raking depth is increased, and the soil is raked uniformly for more than 3 times, so that the cadmium content of the soil is uniformly distributed; the test field has consistent flatness, and obvious water storage and open field occurrence are avoided.
And 4, step 4: and selecting a comparison variety, namely selecting a variety which has been subjected to multi-point detection for many years and shows stable cadmium low accumulation as a comparison. For example, Guiyu 12 has been tested for many years and has been proved to be applicable to middle and low cadmium-polluted rice fields, and the cadmium content of the grains is not over standard. In addition, the reference variety can be gradually replaced according to actual needs, and a more strict low-cadmium variety is screened.
And 5: the field layout is carried out according to the general trend of the total cadmium content of the soil, and is divided into more than 3 repeated block groups, a first block group is arranged at the end with relatively lower cadmium content, cells in the block groups are arranged according to the direction vertical to the trend of the cadmium content, the cells are arranged in an S shape from small to large in sequence, a second block group is completely arranged in a random S shape, and the arrangement sequence number of a third block group is arranged in an S shape opposite to that of the first block group. If the repetition is needed to be increased, the repeated blocks can be added between the first and the last blocks.
Step 6: and (3) experimental design:
screening the cells, planting according to a rectangle with the specification of 19.8 multiplied by 13.2cm, planting 40 holes in each cell, planting 2 seedlings in each hole according to 4 holes multiplied by 10 holes (the row spacing between 4 plants is 19.8cm), forming grooves with the length of 15-20cm among the cell groups, and forming shallow grooves with the length of 10cm among the cells so as to be beneficial to water system drainage and irrigation; no protection row is arranged between cells and between blocks, more than 6 protection rows are arranged at the periphery of the block, and the distance between each cell and between blocks and between protection rows is not more than 33.3 cm.
Large area checking and identifying, random arrangement without repetition, and large area of 200m2(0.3 mu) and in the same field (two or more fields are needed, each field needs to be provided with a control variety, and the test variety is compared with the control variety of the same field)
And 7: and (4) cultivation management, namely timely sowing according to local normal production seasons, sowing all varieties at the same time, and transplanting at the same time. Other cultivation management measures are according to local field production habits.
And 8: sampling and measurement, cell: when 90% of grains turn yellow, selecting 16 intermediate plants, mixing, drying and grinding the brown rice to detect the cadmium content. Taking the average value of two consecutive years as evaluation data
Large area: sampling at five points, 3 to 5 stumps per point, mixing, drying and grinding the brown rice to detect the cadmium content.
And step 9: and (4) evaluating, namely obtaining a comprehensive score and a final score by adopting a scoring method, wherein the total score is (average in the first year + average in the second year)/2.
Firstly, identifying and classifying soil types, wherein more than 90% of varieties are higher than 0.2mg/kg, the standard exceeding of contrast is 1 type, and the scoring proportion accounts for 50%; the variety ratio higher than 0.2mg/kg or lower than 0.1mg/kg is less than 90% and is 2 types, and the scoring proportion is 35%; more than 90% of the varieties are lower than 0.1mg/kg, the contrast does not exceed the standard and is 3 types, and the scoring proportion accounts for 15%.
In the actual screening, the conditions that all the cadmium accumulation varieties exceed the standard or do not exceed the standard are more, 90% of the total number is selected as a measurement line more reasonably, and the ultra-low or ultra-high cadmium accumulation varieties can be effectively identified. The soil classification 1 is to select rice exceeding limit value of 0.2mg/kg, namely more than 90% of varieties and contrast exceed the limit value, and the varieties belong to the type with heavy pollution degree; selecting 0.1mg/kg of 3 types of soil, namely half of the rice exceeding standard value, wherein more than 90% of varieties and controls do not exceed the standard value, which indicates that the pollution degree is slight; and 2, calculating a medium pollution area under the condition of 2 types of soil without the extreme conditions of 1 type and 3 types. The overall scoring evaluation principle is to screen out varieties with low rice cadmium content in severe pollution areas and low or medium-light pollution area performance exceeding standards
Calculating comprehensive fractions, namely calculating the fractions of the similar soil types according to the average value, and finally adding the specific gravity fractions of the 1, 2 and 3 types of soil to generate the comprehensive fractions; when individual soil types are missing, the soil type score is calculated according to the proportion and then converted to a 100% comprehensive score.
And (3) final grading of the variety: (control comprehensive score-reference variety comprehensive score)/control comprehensive score 100+ control basis score, control basis score 60, when more than two control varieties exist, the low comprehensive score is used as the score control. The sorting of the varieties can be judged through comprehensive scoring, the purpose of the final scoring is to visually distinguish the accumulated difference or degree among the varieties through the scoring under the condition that the contrast is not changed in order that each variety has an intuitive scoring in each complete test.
Step 10: determination of results
(1) And a preliminary judgment, wherein the purpose of the preliminary judgment is to select which varieties are qualified to enter a large-area verification test.
1) And the comprehensive score is lower than the control, and the cadmium low accumulation variety is preliminarily counted.
2) The comprehensive score is lower than that of the control, and the cadmium low-accumulation varieties are preliminarily defined according to the actual required percentage (such as 10 percent of the total).
Then the variety meeting the preliminary judgment requirement enters a large-area verification stage.
(2) And (4) performing large-area check and final judgment, namely performing mixed sampling rice milling detection by adopting a five-point method, and finally judging the variety with low cadmium accumulation when the cadmium content of the brown rice at each test point is lower than that of the control variety, so as to ensure the stability of the variety.
If a stable control variety is selected in each test, the final score of the second complete test variety is compared with the final score of the control variety, so that the low cadmium accumulation degree of each variety can be measured.
Attached: data processing: it is proposed to use 4 repetitions, where individual data are deleted 10-fold different from two of the other data in the repetition to reduce errors. And the test operation flow is standardized, and the accuracy of each plot data is ensured.
Fraction calculation example 1: compared with 12 Guiyu, partial data of the seed performance of the conventional soil planting in the case of standard exceeding
Table 1 is a data table of the part of the seeds expressed in the soil planting process which is caused by the past standard exceeding condition
In late rice of 2019, Y11 is a 12-step comparison of Guiyu, the condition of breeding materials is screened, and the cadmium content unit is mg/kg:
table 2 is a table of cadmium content of the screened breeding material
Wherein the Yizhou test points belong to class 1, accounting for 50 percent; the forest planting point is 2 types, and accounts for 35 percent; the major new points are 3 types accounting for 15 percent, and the comprehensive scores of all the types are shown in a table 3.
Table 3 shows the comprehensive score of each variety
| | Class | 1 | |
|
Composite score |
| Y1 | 1.2 | 0.0483 | 0.001125 | 1.249425 | |
| Y2 | 0.85 | 0.013965 | 0.001185 | 0.86515 | |
| Y3 | 1.55 | 0.0483 | 0.00117 | 1.59947 | |
| Y4 | 1.2 | 0.02499 | 0.018 | 1.24299 | |
| Y5 | 1.2 | 0.02268 | 0.0117 | 1.23438 | |
| Y6 | 1.57 | 0.0385 | 0.0018 | 1.6103 | |
| Y7 | 1.3 | 0.02464 | 0.012 | 1.33664 | |
| Y8 | 1.63 | 0.03745 | 0.003 | 1.67045 | |
| Y9 | 1.85 | 0.018025 | 0.0024 | 1.870425 | |
| Y10 | 1.05 | 0.0602 | 0.0063 | 1.1165 | |
| Y11 | 0.36 | 0.056 | 0.0021 | 0.4181 | |
| Y12 | 0.33 | 0.0448 | 0.0042 | 0.379 | |
| Y13 | 1.61 | 0.02667 | 0.0024 | 1.63907 | |
| Y14 | 1.83 | 0.0686 | 0.0024 | 1.901 | |
| Y15 | 0.3875 | 0.03745 | 0.0027 | 0.42765 | |
| Y16 | 1.08 | 0.031325 | 0.0021 | 1.113425 | |
| Y17 | 1.41 | 0.0252 | 0.00255 | 1.43775 | |
| Y18 | 1.61 | 0.029085 | 0.00255 | 1.641635 |
The final score was ranked as shown in table 4, calculated according to the formula (control-reference variety)/control x 100+ control base score, and control base score 60.
Table 4 is a final score ranking table
The above analysis shows that Y12 became the expected low-cadmium breeding material in the 2019 late rice trial, followed by Y15.
Score calculation example 2: taking a late-manufacturing test in 2020 as an example, V10 is a control and has been tested for multiple points for many years, a middle-low cadmium pollution area does not exceed standard varieties, and a screening test is carried out, wherein the cadmium content unit is mg/kg.
Table 5 shows the cadmium content of the varieties which do not exceed the standard in the middle and low cadmium pollution area
| Guest (guest) | Yizhou province | (Wuming) | Heaven, etc | |
| V1 | 0.54 | 0.29 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| V2 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| V3 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| V4 | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| V5 | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| V6 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| V7 | 0.59 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| V8 | 0.75 | 0.54 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| V9 | 0.74 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| V10 | 0.47 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
| V11 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| V12 | 0.65 | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Wherein, the guest and Yizhou test points belong to class 1, accounting for 50 percent; wuming, Tian, etc. point is 3 types, accounting for 15%, and the comprehensive scores of all varieties are divided into
Table 6 shows the comprehensive score of each variety
The final scores were ranked as shown in table 7, calculated according to the formula (control-reference variety)/control x 100+ control base score, and control base score of 60.
Table 7 shows a ranking table
| Numbering | Final scoring |
| V3 | 83.8 |
| V10 | 60.0 |
| V11 | 58.3 |
| V6 | 57.3 |
| V7 | 53.0 |
| V1 | 50.6 |
| V12 | 39.5 |
| V4 | 30.5 |
| V5 | 26.4 |
| V2 | 12.7 |
| V9 | -7.4 |
| V8 | -10.1 |
The above analysis shows that V3 becomes the key prospective variety of low cadmium variety in the 20 year trial.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for screening and evaluating the low-cadmium rice variety is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a test field, namely selecting acid soil, and taking the soil with cadmium content exceeding a relevant standard limit value as the test field;
step 2: determining the trend of the cadmium content of the soil, adopting a plurality of point sampling methods to carry out soil sampling on the target planting field block in a shape like a Chinese character 'tian' to detect the total cadmium, and determining the approximate distribution rule and trend of the field block;
and step 3: the field is sorted, the field-raking depth is increased, the field is raked uniformly for more than 3 times, the cadmium content of the soil is uniformly distributed, the flatness of the test field is consistent, and obvious water storage and field exposure are avoided;
and 4, step 4: selecting a comparison variety, namely selecting a variety which has been detected at a plurality of points for a plurality of years at present and shows stable cadmium low accumulation as a comparison;
and 5: field layout is carried out according to the trend that the total cadmium content of soil is from low to high, and the field layout is divided into more than 3 repeated block groups;
step 6: the experimental design comprises the steps of firstly screening cells, and then checking and identifying in a large area;
and 7: cultivation management, namely timely sowing according to local normal production seasons, sowing all varieties at the same time, transplanting at the same time, and adopting other cultivation management measures according to local field production habits;
and 8: sampling and measuring, selecting 16 middle plants of mixed dry-milled brown rice to detect the cadmium content when 90% grains turn yellow in a cell, taking the average value of two continuous years as evaluation data, sampling at five points in a large area, and detecting the cadmium content in the mixed dry-milled brown rice at each point of 3-5 stumps;
and step 9: the screened varieties were evaluated in the manner of total score (average first year cadmium content + average second year cadmium content)/2.
2. The method for screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the field with the pH value of below 6.0, the past condition that cadmium in grains exceeds the standard, the medium fertility level, the uniform fertility, the convenient irrigation and drainage, the regular shape and the proper size is selected as the test field, and more than 6 field blocks are selected as the test field according to different ecological environments and one field in each city.
3. The method for screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 2, a 9-point sampling method is adopted, the cadmium-polluted rice field is located on the periphery of a mountain edge or a mining area, the cadmium content of the soil of the field is higher on the side close to the mountain edge or the mining area, the lowest value, the highest value and the average value of the 9 data are used as the cadmium content reference of the field, the fields with the difference larger than a set value and irregularity are reselected, the fields without obvious trend but with small cadmium content difference are not existed, and the field groups are normally arranged according to the shapes of the fields.
4. The method for screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step 4, tests prove that the cadmium content of the grains is not over standard when the method is applied to the rice field with medium and low cadmium pollution, and in addition, the control varieties are gradually replaced according to actual needs to screen low cadmium varieties.
5. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step 5, a first block is arranged at the end with relatively low cadmium content, cells in the block are arranged in the direction vertical to the trend direction of the cadmium content, the cells are arranged in an S shape in sequence from small to large in sequence, the cells in the second block are arranged in a completely random S shape, the arrangement sequence number of the third block is arranged in an S shape opposite to that of the first block, and if the need of increasing repetition is needed, a repeated block is added between the first block and the last block.
6. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step 6, the specific process of cell screening is that rectangular planting is carried out according to the specification of 19.8 multiplied by 13.2cm, 40 holes are planted in each cell, 2 seedlings are planted in each hole and carried out according to 4 holes multiplied by 10 holes, the row spacing between 4 plants is 19.8cm, grooves 15-20cm are formed between blocks, shallow trenches 10cm are formed between cells, no protection row is arranged between cells and between blocks, more than 6 protection rows are arranged on the periphery of the blocks, the space between each cell and between blocks and between protection rows is not more than 33.3cm, the process of large area verification and identification is that large areas are randomly arranged and not repeated, and the area of the large areas is 200m20.3 mu, and is carried out in the same field, and a control variety is required to be set in each field when the control variety is carried out in two or more fields, and the test variety is compared with the control variety in the same field.
7. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in the step 9, the evaluation specifically comprises the steps of identifying and classifying the soil types, calculating scores, and judging results.
8. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the process of identifying and classifying the soil types comprises the steps that more than 90% of varieties are higher than 0.2mg/kg, the contrast standard exceeds 1 type, the scoring proportion accounts for 50%, the proportion of the varieties higher than 0.2mg/kg or lower than 0.1mg/kg is less than 90% and is 2 types, the scoring proportion accounts for 35%, more than 90% of varieties are lower than 0.1mg/kg, the contrast standard does not exceed 3 types, and the scoring proportion accounts for 15%.
9. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the fraction calculation process comprises the steps of calculating the fractions of the similar soil according to an average value, and finally adding the specific gravity fractions of the 1, 2 and 3 types of soil to generate a final fraction; when individual soil types are missing, the soil type score is calculated according to the specific gravity and then converted to 100 percent.
10. The method of screening and evaluating a low-cadmium rice variety as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the result judging process comprises the steps of firstly carrying out preliminary judgment, preliminarily calculating the cadmium low-accumulation varieties or preliminarily defining the cadmium low-accumulation varieties according to the actual required percentage, wherein the comprehensive score is lower than the control, the low accumulation degree of the variety is measured by the score of the current test variety, the final score of the variety is (control-ginseng test variety)/control 100+ control base score, the contrast basis is divided into 60 points, when more than two contrast varieties exist, the comprehensive grade with low comprehensive grade is used as the grade contrast, the variety meeting the requirement enters a large-area check stage, the large-area check is carried out, a five-point method is adopted for mixed sampling rice milling detection, the variety with cadmium content lower than the contrast content at each test point is finally judged as the variety with low cadmium accumulation, the stability of the variety is ensured, the data processing process is that 4 times of repetition is adopted, and the difference between the individual data in the repetition and two of other data is deleted by 10 times.
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