CN107494258B - Low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method capable of effectively reducing errors - Google Patents
Low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method capable of effectively reducing errors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
the invention aims to provide a low-cadmium rice variety screening method capable of effectively reducing errors, which comprises the following steps: taking 6 varieties as a test group of the reference varieties, setting 15 test pots in each test group, arranging 4 varieties in each test pot, adding one test group if more than 6 varieties exist, and setting comparison among the test groups, wherein the variety combinations in the test pots are different pairwise; wherein the screening method further comprises an evaluation method of the harvested rice. The invention provides a method for screening and evaluating low-cadmium rice varieties, which can effectively reduce errors, has reliability, scientificity and stability, plays an important role in screening reliable and stable low-cadmium accumulation rice varieties, and provides technical support for effectively and quickly solving the current cadmium pollution problem of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method capable of effectively reducing errors.
Background
The deterioration of agricultural ecological environment and the serious cadmium pollution of agricultural products become outstanding problems in agriculture in China. At present, various methods or approaches are available to solve the problem, such as methods of variety breeding, variety screening, cultivation management, environmental control, and the like. Because of the genotype difference of rice varieties, the cadmium content difference of rice among different varieties reaches 20 times. Therefore, the variety screening is a direct and rapid method.
the cadmium absorption characteristic of the rice is greatly influenced by cultivation condition factors such as water management, fertilizer level, climate environment and the like, however, the traditional field screening has the problems of uneven soil preparation, uneven fertilization and nonuniform growth environment, so that the repeatability of the cadmium content of the rice of the low-cadmium rice variety is poor, and the method for screening and evaluating the low-cadmium rice variety has certain defects; although the problems of uneven soil preparation, uneven fertilization and the like can be effectively solved by adopting the conventional screening method for the potted plants, the problems of inconsistent microclimate and inconsistent water management among pots and inconsistent growth environment among varieties still exist. The method for screening and evaluating the low-cadmium rice varieties in the prior art still has some defects.
disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the method aims at screening reliable and stable low-cadmium rice varieties, effectively reduces screening errors, evaluates the reference varieties through statistical analysis of cadmium content data of rice, and provides technical support for effectively and quickly solving the current cadmium pollution problem of rice.
Namely, the invention aims to provide a low-cadmium rice variety screening method capable of effectively reducing errors, which comprises the following steps: taking 6 varieties as a test group of the reference varieties, arranging 15 test pots in each test group, arranging 4 varieties in each test pot, adding one test group if more than 6 varieties exist, and simultaneously setting comparison among the test groups, wherein the variety combinations in the test pots are different pairwise.
as shown in figure 1, the first design scheme of the invention is that 6 varieties (5 reference varieties and a low-cadmium control variety) are used as a test group, each test group is provided with 15 test pots (a black large circle is a plastic pot, the caliber is 40cm, and the height is 38cm), wherein 4 different varieties randomly selected from the 6 varieties are uniformly planted in each pot, so that the probability that any 1 variety in the group has 6 growth environments which are completely consistent with each other variety (namely, the varieties are positioned on different relative positions of the test pots) is realized.
As shown in FIG. 2, the 2 nd design scheme of the present invention is that 11 varieties are a test group (10 reference varieties, 1 low-cadmium control variety), wherein the first test group comprises 5 reference varieties (varieties 1-5) and 1 control variety, wherein 4 different varieties randomly selected from 6 varieties are uniformly planted in each pot; the second test group comprised 5 test varieties (varieties 6-10) and 1 control variety, wherein 4 different varieties randomly selected from 6 varieties were uniformly planted in each pot; the third test group is a verification comparison group and is used for comparing the difference of cadmium content between the varieties of the first test group and the second test group, namely ensuring that the varieties of the first test group and the second test group have the probability of completely consistent growth environment for at least 2 times in the third test group.
As shown in FIG. 3, the 3 rd design scheme of the present invention is that 16 varieties are a test group (15 reference varieties, 1 low-cadmium control variety), wherein the first test group comprises 5 reference varieties (varieties 1-5) and 1 control variety; the second test group comprises 5 test varieties (varieties 6-10) and 1 control variety; the third test group comprises 5 test varieties (varieties 11-15) and 1 control variety; 4 different varieties randomly selected from 6 varieties are uniformly planted in each pot of the first three groups of test groups, so that the probability that any 1 variety in the group and each other variety have 6 times of completely consistent growth environments (namely are positioned on different relative positions of the test pots) is realized. The fourth test group is a verification comparison group, and the probability that the varieties in the first, second and third test groups have completely consistent growth environment at least once in the fourth group is ensured. For example, the No. 1 variety and the No. 6 variety, the No. 1 variety and the No. 11 variety, and the No. 6 variety and the No. 11 variety all have at least once identical growth environments in the fourth group, namely in the same pot.
Therefore, the reasonable arrangement of the tested varieties in 15 test pots ensures that the growth environment of any 1 variety among the groups and each other variety has the probability of being completely consistent for 6 times, and the growth environment of every two varieties among the groups has the probability of being completely consistent for one time.
Preferably, in the method for screening a low-cadmium rice variety capable of effectively reducing errors, the soil selection in the test group is set to four levels (i.e. each test is provided with 4 gradients): the soil total cadmium is 0.3 +/-0.03 mg/kg, 0.6 +/-0.06 mg/kg, 1.0 +/-0.1 mg/kg and 1.8 +/-0.18 mg/kg, the pH of the soil is 5.5-6.5, and the soil to be tested is the soil of a paddy field plough layer in the ecological area, wherein the paddy field plough layer is applied to low-cadmium paddy rice varieties.
Preferably, in the method for screening a low-cadmium rice variety with an effective error reduction according to the present invention, the water content of the rice in the test group is controlled to be in the sun-dried state for 10 days at the final tillering stage, the water is cut off in the early rice, the late rice and the first season rice 15, 20 and 25 days after the ear snapping process, respectively, and the water layer is maintained at 3 to 5cm in other stages.
Preferably, in the method for screening the low-cadmium rice varieties capable of effectively reducing the errors, the harvest of the rice in the test group is randomly mixed with two plants of each variety, and each variety is repeated for not less than 5 times.
preferably, the method for screening the low-cadmium rice variety capable of effectively reducing the error further comprises the following steps:
1) The average cadmium content of the rice of each variety of each test group is countedListing a data table;
2) And (3) stability analysis: analyzing the stability performance of the cadmium content of the rice of each variety of each test group by adopting a linear regression analysis method and a main school additive interaction multiplicative model to obtain a stability parameter D of each varietyi；
3) Taking the average cadmium content of the riceAs the abscissa, the stability parameter D of each variety is usediDrawing a scatter diagram for a vertical coordinate, wherein the reference variety identification result falling into the stable low-cadmium type area can be identified as a candidate variety of the rice with low cadmium accumulation;
4) Comprehensive scoring S for ginseng and American ginseng varietiesn：Sn1/(average rice cadmium content)0.6+ variety stability parameter Di0.4), the higher the score, the lower the cadmium content of the variety rice, and the better the stability.
Preferably, in the method for screening the low-cadmium rice variety capable of effectively reducing the error, the low-cadmium rice variety is continuously selected for 3 years and evaluated as a candidate low-cadmium rice variety.
Preferably, the scatter diagram is based on the average cadmium content of the riceAs abscissa, the variety stability parameter DiAs an ordinate, a scatter plot was drawn, and the average cadmium content and the average stability factor of the rice of the test varieties were represented by broken lines, as shown in FIG. 4. Four of whichDomain: i is stable low-cadmium type, III is stable high-cadmium type, and II and IV are unstable types. The identification results of the pot culture and the field of the ginseng variety fall into the region I, and the ginseng variety can be identified as a candidate variety of the cadmium low accumulation rice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. The cadmium content of the rice is directly or indirectly influenced by factors such as soil type, cadmium content of soil, pH value, water content of soil, soil microorganism and the like. The method increases the test point environment through four-level soil screening, is favorable for accelerating the screening process, and determines the soil adaptation range of the low-cadmium rice variety;
2. The prior art mainly adopts the traditional field screening and potted plant screening methods, the traditional field screening has the problems of uneven soil preparation, uneven fertilization and nonuniform growth environment, and the existing potted plant screening method can effectively solve the problems of uneven soil preparation, uneven fertilization and the like of each single variety of test pot, but the problems of inconsistent environment microclimate and water management between pots and inconsistent growth environment between varieties still exist. According to the invention, multiple varieties are mixed and planted in a test basin by grouping, and the control varieties are added, so that the consistency of the growth environments of the varieties can be ensured, the test accuracy can be judged according to the control varieties, and the test error is effectively reduced.
3. In the aspect of data processing, the cadmium content of soil rice at each level is based on a low-cadmium rice reference variety, abnormal repeated or test points are removed, the average cadmium content of the rice and the stability of the cadmium content of the rice are used as horizontal and vertical coordinates, a scatter diagram is drawn, the varieties falling into a stable low-cadmium area are judged as low-cadmium rice varieties, and the varieties are continuously evaluated for 3 years and recommended to low-cadmium rice candidate varieties to be examined as the low-cadmium rice varieties.
in a word, in order to solve the problem of large error of the existing screening method, the inventor of the invention provides a low-cadmium rice variety screening and evaluating method capable of effectively reducing error by means of years of heavy metal research and based on a large number of potted plant screening tests. The method has reliability, scientificity and stability, plays an important role in screening out reliable and stable rice varieties with low cadmium accumulation, and provides technical support for effectively and quickly solving the current cadmium pollution problem of rice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of 6 varieties (5 test varieties, 1 low-cadmium control variety) of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of 11 varieties (10 reference varieties, 1 low-cadmium control variety) according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of 16 varieties (15 reference varieties, 1 low-cadmium control variety) according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scatter plot of the present invention for comprehensive evaluation of reference rice varieties;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the field arrangement of the varieties in a field screening test in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a conventional pot screening arrangement of the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a screening layout of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a scatter diagram illustrating evaluation of cadmium content of a sample variety according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking 2015 year late rice low-cadmium screening test as an example, a verification test is carried out in the Changshanwang urban area in Hunan, the traditional field and pot screening is used as a control, the variety is numbered 1-6, wherein No. 6 is a control variety Xiang late long shaped rice No. 12 of cadmium low accumulation rice.
the field screening test is designed for random block, and the area of the block is 10cm2(length 4m, width 2.5m) and inter-cell distance 0.4 m. Each variety is provided with 5 times of repetition (block), random number method is adopted for random arrangement of the variety in the repetition, and the specific variety is arranged in the fieldThe columns are shown in FIG. 5:
The test soil for traditional pot culture and pot culture screening is selected from field rice plough layer soil (full cadmium: 0.599mg/kg, pH: 5.9), and is dried, crushed, mixed uniformly and potted, the diameter of the test pot is 40cm, the height of the test pot is 38cm, each pot is filled with 15kg of soil, and the test pot is soaked in water and cured for 15 days. The arrangement of the conventional pot plants and the present invention at the test sites is shown in FIG. 5, in which 15 test pots are used per group and 1 variety is selected for each test pot.
as shown in figure 6, the method of the invention takes 6 varieties (5 reference varieties and a low-cadmium control variety) as a test group, and each test group is provided with 15 test pots (a black large circle is a plastic pot, the caliber is 40cm, and the height is 38cm), wherein 4 different varieties randomly selected from the 6 varieties are uniformly planted in each pot, so that the probability that any 1 variety in the group has 6 growth environments which are completely consistent with each other variety (namely, are positioned on different relative positions of the test pots) is realized.
water content management: drying in the sun at the final stage of tillering for 10 days, cutting off water supply for early rice, late rice and first-season rice respectively 15, 20 and 25 days after ear trimming, and maintaining water layer of 3-5cm at other stages;
Fertilizer application and pest control are operated according to local technology;
Randomly mixing two plants of each variety, and repeating each variety for not less than 5 times;
After uniform harvesting and drying in the sun, the cadmium content of the brown rice is determined according to the national standard, and the result is shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 cadmium content, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of 6 varieties of rice screened in traditional field
TABLE 2 cadmium content, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of rice screened by traditional potted plants
TABLE 3 cadmium content, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of rice potted by the method of the invention
As can be seen from tables 1, 2 and 3, the test results in the urban area show that the patented method can effectively reduce errors compared with the prior art. Compared with the traditional field screening and the traditional pot screening, the standard deviation of the test result of the invention is respectively reduced by 89.2 percent and 78.7 percent, and the variation coefficient is respectively reduced by 84.3 percent and 74.5 percent.
Example 2 screening of candidate varieties of cadmium Low accumulating Rice
In 2015, the low-cadmium screening test of late rice is carried out in the Hunan Changsha urban area for example, and the four-level screening test is carried out in the Hunan Changsha urban area, wherein the total cadmium of the tested soil A, B, C, D is 0.32, 0.6, 1.06 and 1.78mg/kg respectively, the pH of the soil is 5.6, 5.9, 6.4 and 6.2 respectively, and the tested soil is selected from the soil of the plough layer of the rice field.
And (3) data analysis: the cadmium content of the rice in each level of soil is based on the comparison variety of the low-cadmium rice, and abnormal repetition or test points are removed.
1) Calculating the average cadmium content of the rice of each reference variety under the reference point
2) Analyzing the stability performance of the cadmium content of the rice of the reference varieties by adopting an AMMI model (main school additive interaction multiplicative model) to obtain stability parameters D of various varietiesiThe specific data are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 cadmium content, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of rice potted by the method of the invention
3) By the average cadmium content of the riceAs abscissa, the variety stability parameter Didrawing a scatter diagram as a vertical coordinate, and averaging the cadmium content of the rice of the tested varietiesThe average stability factor is shown by the dashed line. Four of these areas: i is stable low-cadmium type, III is stable high-cadmium type, and II and IV are unstable types. The identification results of the pot culture and the field of the ginseng variety fall into the region I, and the ginseng variety can be identified as a candidate variety of the cadmium low accumulation rice.
In this case, the reference varieties are shown in FIG. 7, and the average rice cadmium content (0.3161mg/kg) and the average stability factor (0.2258) are used to divide the coordinates into four parts, wherein the varieties V2 and V6 are stable low cadmium types and are identified as candidate varieties of rice with low cadmium accumulation.
comprehensive scoring S for ginseng and American ginseng varietiesV2is 4.43, SV6and 5.15, repeating the test, and determining the candidate variety of the rice with low cadmium accumulation as the candidate variety of the rice with low cadmium accumulation after continuous 3-year evaluation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a low-cadmium rice variety screening method capable of effectively reducing errors comprises the following steps: taking 6 varieties as a test group of the reference varieties, setting 15 test pots in each test group, arranging 4 varieties in each test pot, adding one test group if more than 6 varieties exist, and setting comparison among the test groups, wherein the variety combinations in the test pots are different pairwise;
The probability that the growth environment of any 1 variety in the test group is completely consistent with that of other varieties in the test group for 6 times is provided, and the growth environment of every two varieties in the test group is completely consistent;
the soil selection in the test group was set to four levels: the soil total cadmium is 0.3 +/-0.03 mg/kg, 0.6 +/-0.06 mg/kg, 1.0 +/-0.1 mg/kg and 1.8 +/-0.18 mg/kg, the pH of the soil is 5.5-6.5, and the soil to be tested is low-cadmium rice variety applied to the soil of a paddy field plough layer in an ecological area;
The screening method further comprises an evaluation method of the harvested rice:
1) Counting the average cadmium content of the rice of each variety of each test group and listing a data table;
2) and (3) stability analysis: analyzing the stability performance of the cadmium content of the rice of each variety of each test group by adopting an AMMI model to obtain a stability parameter Di of each variety;
3) Drawing a scatter diagram by taking the average rice cadmium content as a horizontal coordinate and the stability parameter Di of each variety as a vertical coordinate, wherein the identification results of the pot culture and the field of the reference variety fall into a stable low-cadmium type area and can be identified as a candidate variety of the rice with low cadmium accumulation;
4) And comprehensively scoring the ginseng and American variety Sn:
The higher the score is, the lower the cadmium content of the rice of the variety is, and the better the stability is;
the cadmium low accumulation rice variety is evaluated as a cadmium low accumulation rice candidate variety in 3 consecutive years.
2. The method for screening low-cadmium rice varieties capable of effectively reducing errors according to claim 1, wherein the reference varieties comprise 5 varieties to be tested and 1 low-cadmium accumulation rice control variety.
3. The method for screening low-cadmium rice varieties capable of effectively reducing errors according to claim 1, wherein the reference varieties comprise 11 varieties to be tested and 1 low-cadmium accumulation rice control variety.
4. The method for screening low-cadmium rice varieties capable of effectively reducing errors according to claim 1, wherein the reference varieties comprise 15 varieties to be tested and 1 low-cadmium accumulation rice control variety.
5. The method of screening a low-cadmium rice variety with reduced errors according to claim 1, wherein the water content of rice in said test group is managed by drying in the sun at the end of tillering for 10 days, and water is cut off in early rice, late rice and first season rice 15, 20 and 25 days after the ear snapping, respectively, and water layers of 3 to 5cm are maintained in other periods.
6. The method for screening low-cadmium rice varieties capable of effectively reducing errors according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting of the rice in the test group is a random two-plant mixed harvest of each variety, and each variety is repeated no less than 5 times.
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