CN112371712A - Heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method - Google Patents

Heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method Download PDF

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CN112371712A
CN112371712A CN202011132040.3A CN202011132040A CN112371712A CN 112371712 A CN112371712 A CN 112371712A CN 202011132040 A CN202011132040 A CN 202011132040A CN 112371712 A CN112371712 A CN 112371712A
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soil
heavy metal
pollution
polluted
plants
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董擎
贾立锋
王余萍
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Anyang Institute of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative repair method which is characterized in that according to the soil characteristics and the current pollution situation of a contaminated site, a laboratory test and numerical simulation combined means is adopted, the time and space distribution map of the concentration of heavy metal ions in a contaminated area is accurately established, and solidification-plant cooperative repair is performed on different areas in a targeted manner. For areas with severe and moderate pollution, the curing material capable of curing the heavy metal in the soil and the optimal proportion are optimized, the covering layer is covered, and the ecological landscape plants are planted. And (4) preferably extracting plants in the slightly polluted area according to local natural conditions and heavy metal types, and optimizing the planting mode. The method overcomes the defects of high restoration cost, poor effect, secondary pollution and the like of a single restoration technology, effectively restrains pollution, ensures the restoration effect, improves the ecological environment of a polluted area, and realizes social and economic benefits.

Description

Heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heavy metal contaminated soil treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering.
Background
Soil is an important natural resource on which the human society lives and is also the most basic structural unit of the ecosystem. Industrial production and human activities have produced a large amount of waste in recent years, of which heavy metals are one of the common pollutants. Unlike the pollution of other organic compounds, many organic compounds can reduce or eliminate the harmfulness through physical, chemical or biological purification in nature, while heavy metals are rich and difficult to degrade in the environment. Contamination not only causes soil degradation, reduces crop quality and yield, but can also harm human life and health through direct contact, food chain, and the like. Soil pollution has concealment and long-term performance, the retention time of heavy metal ions in soil is long, and compared with atmospheric pollution and water pollution, the heavy metal ions are more difficult to treat.
Affected by factors such as soil characteristics, environmental conditions, water conditions and the like, the soil pollution sources are overlapped, and the pollutants are of various types. Under the influence of the conditions, the occurrence and migration rules of heavy metals are complex, the heavy metal concentrations in different depths and different areas in the soil are greatly different, and the heavy metal concentrations can change along with rainfall and the intersection of surrounding pollution sources in different time. The same repairing method is adopted for areas with different pollution degrees, so that the repairing effect and the repairing cost are difficult to ensure. Therefore, predicting the heavy metal type and concentration distribution change rule of the polluted area in different time is a necessary premise for carrying out soil remediation. According to the characteristics of soil, the current situation of soil pollution and the migration rule of heavy metals are analyzed, the development trend and potential danger of pollution are explored, and a scientific and reasonable soil pollution remediation method is formulated according to local conditions.
The invention develops research aiming at the curing technology and the plant repairing method, provides a curing-plant cooperative repairing method scheme suitable for the local pollution condition, makes up the defects and shortcomings of small application range, poor effect, high repairing cost, secondary pollution and the like of a single repairing method, ensures the repairing effect while effectively restraining the pollution, reduces the repairing cost, and realizes the social and economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation technical scheme by accurately predicting the heavy metal type and concentration distribution change rule of a contaminated area in different time, overcomes the defects of small application range, poor effect, high remediation cost, secondary pollution and the like of the existing single remediation technology, ensures the remediation effect while effectively restraining pollution, reduces the remediation cost, and realizes social and economic benefits.
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative repair method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, investigating pollution discharge conditions around polluted soil, determining distribution and quantity of pollution sources and hydrogeological environment around the polluted soil, and performing on-site investigation and sampling;
step 2, determining the basic physical parameters of the particle size distribution, the specific gravity, the liquid-plastic limit, the permeability and the matrix suction of the soil and the precipitation rule of heavy metal ions along with the environment and the time based on 'geotechnical test method standard GB/T50123-2019';
step 3, simulating the migration rule of the heavy metal ions in the surrounding soil by adopting numerical simulation software based on the distribution condition of the pollution source in the pollution site and the test result, predicting the migration process of the heavy metal ions, analyzing the distribution rule of the concentration of the heavy metal in the surrounding soil along with time and space, and predicting the potential risk of the heavy metal polluted soil;
step 4, based on experimental research and numerical simulation results, combining with the surrounding geographical conditions of the polluted soil, adopting an internal Merlot index method to evaluate the soil pollution degree, and dividing the soil in different areas into four grades of severe pollution, moderate pollution, mild pollution and no pollution according to the pollution degree and the pollution potential risk and referring to the soil environment quality standard GB 15618-2018;
step 5, carrying out tests on the soil in the heavily polluted area by taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash and clay as curing raw materials and taking the leaching rate of the solidified heavy metal, the compatibilization ratio and the compressive strength as investigation indexes, determining the material composition and the proportion which are suitable for the polluted soil and have the optimal curing effect, and carrying out a method for curing and repairing the heavily polluted soil; biomass and livestock breeding waste matter suitable for plant growth are used as a covering material, a layer of covering layer is added on the solidified soil, and the thickness and the material are suitable for local plant growth;
step 6, taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash and clay as curing raw materials for the soil in the moderately polluted area, and optimizing the curing materials and the proportioning technology to carry out restoration on the moderately polluted soil; biomass and livestock breeding waste matter suitable for plant growth are used as a covering material, a layer of covering layer is added on the solidified soil, and the thickness and the material are suitable for local plant growth;
and 7, for the soil in the light pollution area, combining the local soil property and the environmental condition, selecting heavy metal-enriched plants, carrying out single plant and interplanting outdoor pot experiment on different kinds of plants, evaluating the heavy metal extraction effect, and preferably selecting plants and planting modes which have the heavy metal extraction effect and are suitable for the local climatic condition.
Furthermore, a TCLP toxicity leaching test method is adopted in the step 2, test research on dissolution-release characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil under the conditions of different liquid/solid ratios and different pH values of leaching liquor is carried out, and the influence rule of environmental factors on the dissolution characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil is analyzed;
furthermore, a dynamic column type leaching test method is adopted in the step 2, test research on migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil is carried out, and the rule of influence of dissolution/precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption/desorption hydrological geochemistry on the migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements is revealed.
Furthermore, in the step 3, not only the current situation of heavy metal pollution is considered, but also a three-dimensional space-time distribution diagram of the heavy metal concentration in the polluted area is established based on a method combining experiments and numerical simulation, and the diffusion rule of the heavy metal concentration for decades or even hundreds of years is predicted;
and 4, comprehensively evaluating the field pollution degree and the potential pollution, and accurately dividing the pollution degree grade into regions.
Furthermore, according to the local climate environment, plants with the functions of restoring ecological landscape of the polluted area and preventing water and soil loss are planted on the covering layer of the heavily polluted and moderately polluted soil in the step 5.
Further, in step 7, according to the growth cycle of the plants, toxic plants are periodically treated, and new plants are planted until the heavy metals meet the requirements of national standards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
firstly, a time and space distribution map of a pollution area is accurately established. According to the characteristics of the soil in the polluted site and the current pollution situation, the method of combining laboratory tests and numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the migration rule of heavy metal ions, the soil pollution degree is scientifically evaluated and divided, the pollution trend is predicted, the accurate restoration of the polluted area is facilitated, the restoration effect is ensured, and the restoration cost is reduced.
Secondly, the solidification-plant cooperative repair technology is developed for different areas in a targeted manner. The method takes cement, clay, limestone waste residues and other industrial wastes as materials, gives full play to the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another, develops a curing agent capable of curing heavy metals in soil, and provides a curing technical method suitable for repairing the severely and moderately polluted soil. And predicting the pollution development trend through hydrogeological survey and simulation, preferably selecting heavy metal extraction plants according to natural conditions, optimizing the planting mode and improving the ecological environment of a polluted area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method.
Detailed Description
A heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, investigating pollution discharge conditions around the polluted soil, determining distribution and quantity of pollution sources, hydrogeological environment around the polluted soil and the like, and performing on-site investigation and sampling.
Step 2, determining basic physical parameters of soil such as particle size gradation, specific gravity, liquid-plastic limit, permeability, matrix suction and the like and a precipitation rule of heavy metal ions along with environment and time based on 'geotechnical test method standard' (GB/T50123-2019);
further, the step 2 also comprises the step of carrying out experimental research on the dissolution-release characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil under the conditions of different liquid/solid ratios and different pH values of leaching liquor by adopting a TCLP toxicity leaching test method, and analyzing the influence rule of environmental factors on the dissolution characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil;
further, the step 2 also comprises the step of carrying out test research on the migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil by adopting a dynamic column type leaching test method, and revealing the rule of influence of hydrological geochemical actions such as dissolution/precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption/desorption and the like on the migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements.
Step 3, simulating the migration rule of heavy metal ions in the surrounding soil by adopting numerical simulation software such as HYDROUS 2D/3D, COMSOL and the like based on the distribution condition and experimental results of pollution sources in the pollution site, predicting the migration process of the heavy metal ions, analyzing the distribution rule of the concentration of the heavy metal in the surrounding soil along with time and space, and predicting the potential risk of the heavy metal polluted soil;
further, the step 3 includes evaluating the soil pollution degree based on experimental research and numerical simulation results and by combining with the surrounding geographical conditions of the polluted soil and adopting an inner Mero index method, and classifying the soil in different areas into four grades of severe pollution, moderate pollution, mild pollution and no pollution according to the pollution degree and the potential risk of pollution and by referring to the soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618-2018).
Step 4, taking the soil in the heavily polluted area as a research object, taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash, clay and the like as curing raw materials, taking the leaching rate of the solidified heavy metal, the compatibilization ratio, the compressive strength and the like as investigation indexes to carry out experiments, determining the material composition and the proportion which are suitable for the polluted soil and have the optimal curing effect, and carrying out the method for curing and repairing the heavily polluted soil;
further, step 4 also comprises the steps of taking biomass, livestock and poultry breeding waste and other substances suitable for plant growth as a sealing material, and adding a layer of sealing layer on the solidified soil, wherein the thickness and the material are suitable for local plants to grow;
further, the step 4 also comprises the step of planting plants with the functions of restoring the ecological landscape of the polluted area and preventing water and soil loss on the covering layer of the heavily polluted soil according to the local climatic environment.
Step 5, taking the soil in the medium pollution area as a research object, taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash, clay and the like as curing raw materials, and optimizing the curing materials and proportioning technology to repair the medium pollution soil;
further, step 5 also comprises the step of taking biomass, livestock and poultry breeding waste and other substances suitable for plant growth as a covering material, and adding a layer of covering layer on the solidified soil, wherein the thickness and the material are suitable for local plants to grow.
Further, the step 5 also comprises the step of planting plants with the functions of restoring the ecological landscape of the polluted area and preventing water and soil loss on the covering layer of the heavily polluted soil according to the local climatic environment.
And 6, selecting proper heavy metal super-enriched plants for the light pollution area according to the local soil property and the environmental condition, carrying out single plant and interplanting outdoor potted plant experiments of different types of plants, evaluating the heavy metal extraction effect, and preferably selecting the plants and the planting modes which have the best heavy metal extraction effect and are suitable for the local climatic conditions.
And 7, based on the test result of the step 6, selecting heavy metal hyper-enrichment plants, planting the heavy metal hyper-enrichment plants in a slightly polluted soil area, periodically treating toxic plants according to the growth cycle of the plants, and planting new plants until the heavy metals meet the national standard requirements and the slightly polluted plants become pollution-free.

Claims (6)

1. A heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, investigating pollution discharge conditions around polluted soil, determining distribution and quantity of pollution sources and hydrogeological environment around the polluted soil, and performing on-site investigation and sampling;
step 2, determining the basic physical parameters of the particle size distribution, the specific gravity, the liquid-plastic limit, the permeability and the matrix suction of the soil and the precipitation rule of heavy metal ions along with the environment and the time based on 'geotechnical test method standard GB/T50123-2019';
step 3, simulating the migration rule of the heavy metal ions in the surrounding soil by adopting numerical simulation software based on the distribution condition of the pollution source in the pollution site and the test result, predicting the migration process of the heavy metal ions, analyzing the distribution rule of the concentration of the heavy metal in the surrounding soil along with time and space, and predicting the potential risk of the heavy metal polluted soil;
step 4, based on experimental research and numerical simulation results, combining with the surrounding geographical conditions of the polluted soil, adopting an internal Merlot index method to evaluate the soil pollution degree, and dividing the soil in different areas into four grades of severe pollution, moderate pollution, mild pollution and no pollution according to the pollution degree and the pollution potential risk and referring to the soil environment quality standard GB 15618-2018;
step 5, carrying out tests on the soil in the heavily polluted area by taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash and clay as curing raw materials and taking the leaching rate of the solidified heavy metal, the compatibilization ratio and the compressive strength as investigation indexes, determining the material composition and the proportion which are suitable for the polluted soil and have the optimal curing effect, and carrying out a method for curing and repairing the heavily polluted soil; biomass and livestock breeding waste matter suitable for plant growth are used as a covering material, a layer of covering layer is added on the solidified soil, and the thickness and the material are suitable for local plant growth;
step 6, taking cement, limestone slag, fly ash and clay as curing raw materials for the soil in the moderately polluted area, and optimizing the curing materials and the proportioning technology to carry out restoration on the moderately polluted soil; biomass and livestock breeding waste matter suitable for plant growth are used as a covering material, a layer of covering layer is added on the solidified soil, and the thickness and the material are suitable for local plant growth;
and 7, for the soil in the light pollution area, combining the local soil property and the environmental condition, selecting heavy metal-enriched plants, carrying out single plant and interplanting outdoor pot experiment on different kinds of plants, evaluating the heavy metal extraction effect, and preferably selecting plants and planting modes which have the heavy metal extraction effect and are suitable for the local climatic condition.
2. The heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-phytoremediation method according to claim 1, wherein: and 2, carrying out experimental study on the dissolution-release characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil under the conditions of different liquid/solid ratios and different pH values of leaching liquor by adopting a TCLP toxicity leaching test method, and analyzing the influence rule of environmental factors on the dissolution characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil.
3. The heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-phytoremediation method according to claim 1, wherein: and 2, carrying out test research on the migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements in the soil by adopting a dynamic column type leaching test method, and revealing the influence rule of the dissolution/precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption/desorption hydrological geochemical action on the migration-conversion characteristics of the heavy metal elements.
4. The heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-phytoremediation method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, not only the current situation of heavy metal pollution is considered, but also a three-dimensional space-time distribution diagram of the heavy metal concentration in the polluted area is established based on a method combining tests and numerical simulation, and the diffusion rule of the heavy metal concentration for decades or even hundreds of years is predicted;
and 4, comprehensively evaluating the field pollution degree and the potential pollution, and accurately dividing the pollution degree grade into regions.
5. The heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-phytoremediation method according to claim 1, wherein: and 5, planting plants with functions of restoring ecological landscapes of polluted areas and preventing water and soil loss on the covering layer of the heavily-polluted and moderately-polluted soil according to the local climatic environment.
6. The solidification-phytoremediation method for heavy metal-contaminated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: and 7, periodically treating the toxic plants according to the growth cycle of the plants, and planting new plants until the heavy metals meet the requirements of national standards.
CN202011132040.3A 2020-10-21 2020-10-21 Heavy metal contaminated soil solidification-plant cooperative remediation method Pending CN112371712A (en)

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CN115634923A (en) * 2022-09-08 2023-01-24 中国矿业大学 Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil around coal-based solid waste storage yard
CN117110545A (en) * 2023-08-25 2023-11-24 云南大学 Method for field evaluation of restoration capability of abandoned land native plants in metal mining area and application

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113634592A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-11-12 杨凌锦华生态技术股份有限公司 Ecological restoration method for heavy metal soil by using crops
CN113820383A (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-21 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所 Waste resin powder piling point soil pollution risk control method based on covering and blocking technology
CN114184522A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-15 江苏国泰环境科技研究院有限公司 Heavy metal pollution diffusion distribution detection system and method
CN114819880A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-07-29 杭州利环环境集团有限公司 Method and system for soil remediation and digital management
CN114819880B (en) * 2022-03-30 2023-06-13 杭州利环环境集团有限公司 Method and system for soil remediation and digital management
CN115634923A (en) * 2022-09-08 2023-01-24 中国矿业大学 Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil around coal-based solid waste storage yard
CN117110545A (en) * 2023-08-25 2023-11-24 云南大学 Method for field evaluation of restoration capability of abandoned land native plants in metal mining area and application
CN117110545B (en) * 2023-08-25 2024-04-30 云南大学 Method for field evaluation of restoration capability of abandoned land native plants in metal mining area and application

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