CN100521915C - Breeding of ramie low-position branching cuttage seedling and field seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Breeding of ramie low-position branching cuttage seedling and field seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the topping and stem planting propagation of ramie and the seedling period management of low position ramified seedling in field. During stem planting propagation of ramie, the stem is topped while planting or while hardening-off after planting; or, the tender stem is cut into section and stem planted to grow seedling, and after the branches are formed, the growth point is eliminated and the low position ramified seedling is cultivated via secondary branching cultivation. The low position ramified seedling is planted deeply in field and promoted to grow independent root system via intertillage and earthing, so as to form new plant. The said propagation process can promote the growth of root system and rhizome and has obvious features of high yield, high quality and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ramie culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding and cultivate and land for growing field crops breeding method in seedling stage.
Background technology
Ramie can seminal propagation, can nourish and generate again.Ramie seminal propagation speed is very fast, and cost is lower, but the gene height heterozygosis of existing ramee variety, there is serious dissociation in the seminal propagation progeny population, and ramie population growth difference ginseng is uneven, and fiber thickness is irregular, causes raw ramie output lower, and fiber quality is relatively poor.Ramie nourishes and generates, promptly utilize ramie subterranean stem (be commonly called as kind of the root and stem of certain plants or plant root) and terrestrial stem to breed, it is the important method that keeps ramie breeding purity and good characteristic, but the breeding of traditional branch root and stem of certain plants need take the numb root and stem of certain plants, reproduction coefficient is low, carries underground damage by disease and insect, transportation inconvenience, cost is higher, can't satisfy the needs that ramie production develops rapidly and improved seeds are promoted fast.For further improving the ramie coefficient of nourishing and generating, the ramie scientific worker is the research that material has carried out the multiple nutrients propagation method with the terrestrial stem both at home and abroad, has progressively formed technology and theoretical system that ramie nourishes and generates.Wherein, effective method is the ramie cottage propagation.
The ramie cottage propagation is a new developing technology on the water planting basis.The ramie water planting is carried out indoor, and light and temperature condition is regulated and control easily, suitable factorial seedling growth, but this law technology is strong, needs a large amount of water planting vessel and room, the reproductive-cost height, and it is more to take a lot of work, and is difficult to promote in fiber crops district large tracts of land.Given this, vast ramie scientific worker has carried out the husky training of the tender seedling of ramie (branch, the tip), the research of earth culture propagation technique and has succeedd, and has now become the main method of China's ramie stock breeding, is used widely on producing.
According to transplanting a cutting the difference in source, the ramie cottage propagation can be divided into tender seedling again, divide three kinds of branch, top tip cuttages, and according to the difference of seedbed feature, the ramie cottage propagation can be divided into two kinds of Sha Pei and earth cultures.Hubei Province Mian Yangxian agriculture and animal husbandry bureau (1984) has carried out outdoor spray and the husky seedling growth test of inserting of the stem tip, concrete grammar is: the leveling seedbed, spread husky 3cm, cut in long 5cm, the tender tip insertion sand with 2～3 leaves, insert dark 2cm, the sand face is exposed on the top, keep husky wet not water breakthrough, the cultivation of shading, the branch that from axillalry bud, grows, cuttage survival rate can reach more than 90%.The numb section in Yichuan area has carried out the research of the tender tip band of ramie leaf earth culture cottage propagation and succeedd, and specific practice is: cut the stem tip of long 8～10cm, with the bamboo let cuttage that burrows, the film covering is grown seedlings, and the survival rate of cuttage seeding can reach 87%.Agricultural University Of Hunan carries out the breeding of ramie axillalry bud and also succeeds, promptly pinch in advance at the black bar initial stage, when treating that axillalry bud grows 1～2cm, pull down axillalry bud with thumb and forefinger, cut off cutting base portion Da Ye, keep 2～3 spires, cuttage is on the river sand of sterilization then, insert and heel in after the back went out root in 4～6 days, coverage shading, general survival rate is more than 80%.
The linen-cotton technical advice station, Daxian Prefecture, Sichuan and the Daxian Prefecture institute of agricultural sciences (1984) carry out ramie and adopt seedling and spray (tip) cottage propagation and achieving success.Specific practice is: get 17～20cm long numb seedling or the tender tip and remove its Da Ye, only stay several leaflets in top, put into and the dark clear water of 10cm is housed soaks half an hour transplanting a cutting base portion immediately, strike the nest cuttage with the bamboo and wood bar, or plant with dig a pit, hole, etc. buried channel row of hoe, fiber crops seedling insertion depth 6～10cm, watering after inserting once makes nursery soil fully moistening, 30～80 times of reproduction coefficient.And think that this method can also the field planting of disposable land for growing field crops.Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1984) works out the tender seedling cottage propagation of ramie technology, specific practice is: cut young shoot (blade launches as yet) or seedling (existing part complete leaf) just unearthed, height of seedling 3～7cm, without the direct cuttage of any processing in the seedbed, plant dark about 2.0cm, watering after inserting makes soil fully moistening, cover to keep suitable temp. and humidity in the film with film, add a cover straw screen or mat according to weather condition and shelter from heat or light, regulate the temp. and humidity in the film.Insert the back and survived in 15～20 days, planting percent is generally more than 80%, and reproduction coefficient can reach 80～200 times.Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1986) also works out the base portion that the former base band leaf of ramie axillalry bud cottage propagation technology----utilizes sharp cutter to be connected with stem from petiole and cuts down the cutting of being made up of blade, petiole and part bast or stem section (band resting bud).Better with the stem tip the 14th joint with interior leaf segment, wherein take root best with the leaf segment of 4～5 spires again.The seedbed is best with river sand, secondly is sandy loam, and viscosity is relatively poor.1～2cm is dark for the petiole oblique cutting, and face of blade makes progress, and respectively pour water once every day sooner or later, has bud to be unearthed the neat seedling after 7～14 days in 20～30 days.Because the seedling bodily form is more immature, dig Miao Shiying and connect soil and dig out simultaneously, water after planting and decide root and stem of certain plants water.
These methods have significant advantage, but the cuttage seeding of cultivating has only a stem, still has only a stem after being transplanted to the land for growing field crops, few, the high-order branch of the effective strain number of planting ramie is many, bast decorticating difficulty, cause brokenly the bar fiber crops can't closing stripping, new fiber crops can only receive in 1 year one season fiber crops, raw ramie yields poorly, fiber quality is poor, then the underproduce 750kg/ha of two season raw ramies, the ultimate fibre fineness is only about 1000, the fiber crops farming because of take in low be reluctant to dig ruin Lao Mayuan.
Summary of the invention
The present invention with ramie rapidly and efficiently breed, low level branch strong seedling cultivation, the cultivation of new numb high yield and high quality taken all factors into consideration as a system, its core is " pinch promote to transplant a cutting branch, plant branch deeply and take root for fiber crops ".When the ramie cuttage or the seedbed phase remove to transplant a cutting or the top of numb seedling, abolish the apical growth advantage of cutting or numb seedling, the axillary bud sprouting that promotes to transplant a cutting becomes branch, the cuttage seeding of a plurality of low level branches is carried in cultivation, cuttage seeding is rooted in the land for growing field crops, the training root and stem of certain plants during in conjunction with intertillage, the base portion of numb seedling branch is implanted in the soil, make branched base part form independently root system and become effective numb strain, solved that basic seedling amount few, high-order branch that the planting ramie exists is many, problems such as bast decorticating difficulty, raw ramie yield poorly, fiber quality difference, realized that broken bar receives fiber crops and new numb high yield and high quality.Compare with traditional ramie cottage propagation, new numb culture technique, the present invention has following characteristics:
The one, ramie low level branch strong seedling cultivation and fast asexual propagation are combined closely, carry out seedbed phase " seedling upper transplanting " and young tender straw segmentation band leaf cottage propagation, both can cultivate the cuttage seeding of carrying a plurality of low level branches, can enlarge the ramie coefficient of nourishing and generating again exponentially, further reduce ramie cottage propagation cost, improved the promotion rate of breeding of breeding.
The 2nd, pinch during the ramie cuttage or cutting survival after pinch, each cutting or seedling keep 3～5 leaves, can guarantee that the ramie cuttage seeding forms 3～5 low level branches, control by cutting length, reduced the height of branch, dead seedling and the land for growing field crops scarce root and stem of certain plants of pinching of avoiding simultaneously pinching seedling stage is for increasing the effective strain number of new fiber crops, reducing high-order branch and created condition.
The 3rd, the base portion of ramie cuttage seeding branch is implanted in the soil, impel branched base part to grow separately independently root system, its branch is become have the plant of root system, cane, blade alone, be grown to serve as and break the effective numb strain that bar is received fiber crops, under identical planting density, increase the basic seedling amount and effective strain number of planting ramie, realized broken bar fiber crops high yield and high quality.
The 4th, ditching to plant deeply with the training root and stem of certain plants combines, strengthened numb root and stem of certain plants soil thickness all around, increase the axillalry bud quantity in the ramie cuttage seeding implantation soil, promoted growing of ramie subterranean stem and root system, increase subterranean stem quantity, establish material base for the cultivation of planting ramie high yield and high quality, reached " the strong root and stem of certain plants " aim of high yield.
When content of the present invention is the ramie cuttage or the top of removal cutting of seedbed phase or numb seedling, the cuttage seeding of low level branch is carried in cultivation, cuttage seeding is rooted in the land for growing field crops, the training root and stem of certain plants during in conjunction with intertillage, rely on the base portion of low level branch to take root, make numb seedling branch become numb strain with independent root system, pinch when comprising the ramie cuttage or pinch when surviving or branch after pinch three kinds of low level branch cuttage seeding breeding methods and be that Manifold technology is trained in the land for growing field crops of core seedling stage to plant the root and stem of certain plants deeply.Now the present invention is further described:
Breeding of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding:
(a) the described numb seedling top of removing when the ramie cuttage is meant the clip ramie stem tip or divides branch, cuts off the cutting radical leaves earlier, cuts off its top stem section again, keeps cutting middle part cauline leaf, and directly cuttage is in the seedbed.The ramie stem tip of clip length 8～10cm or branch branch, cut off 1～3 leaf of cutting base portion earlier, cut off top stem section apical growing point, keep 3～4 leaves in cutting middle part, directly cuttage is in the seedbed, carry out the seedbed period management by the ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique known to the those skilled in the art, make to transplant a cutting to grow Xin Gen and branch, the one-level branch is cultivated ramie low level branch cuttage seeding.Transplant a cutting lower cut-out near the base portion first segment, and the length of transplanting a cutting is controlled in the 10cm, and each is transplanted a cutting and must keep 3～4 leaves, and each is transplanted a cutting and forms 3～4 branches.
(b) the described seedbed phase in the ramie cuttage removes the cutting top and is meant the clip ramie stem tip or branch branch, cut off and transplant a cutting the direct cuttage of radical leaves in the seedbed, when practicing seedling, cut off the top tip that survives cuttage seeding, keep radical leaves, the one-level branch is cultivated ramie low level branch cuttage seeding.The ramie stem tip of clip length 12～15cm or branch branch cut off 1～3 leaf of cutting base portion, and directly cuttage is carried out the seedbed period management in the seedbed by ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique.Cut off the top stem section that survives cuttage seeding when practicing seedling, keep 3～4 leaves of base portion, the one-level branch of transplanting a cutting is cultivated ramie low level branch cuttage seeding, the numb seedling top tip of clip can be used for cuttage once more.
(c) the described seedbed phase in the ramie cuttage removes and transplants a cutting the top and be meant before maternal plant garden fiber crops strain radical leaves does not come off as yet, clip length 5～10cm or with the tender stem segments of 2～4 leaves, cut off 1～2 leaf of its base portion earlier, keep 1～2 leaf in top, directly cuttage is carried out the seedbed period management in the seedbed by ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique.Transplanting a cutting branch length during greater than 5cm or when having 3～5 leaves, extract the growing point of its branch, make the axillary bud sprouting growth, form second branch, second branch is cultivated low level branch cuttage seeding.
The low level branch cuttage seeding of cultivating has 2-6 low level branch.
Training in the seedling stage pipe of ramie low level branch seedling:
Whole ground, fiber crops field: when ramie low level branch cuttage seeding is bred, carry out numb Tagayasu Den according to the requirement of high yield and high quality cultivation and put in order.Specific practice is: remove weeds in field, hold the railway carriage or compartment ditch successfully and enclose ditch by the requirement about railway carriage or compartment face 2.0m, furrow width 40cm, execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 200～350kg/hm
2The soil of deep ploughing behind the face of railway carriage or compartment is held the transplant planting ditch according to ditch depth successfully greater than 15cm, line space 50～60cm again.
Get transplantation of seedlings: when cuttage seeding to be cultivated grows branch, branch average length greater than 2cm, get the seedling balled transplanting in the field planting ditch, the base portion of first branch of cuttage seeding bottom is planted in soil, treat that numb seedling survives the back and in conjunction with intertillage topsoil soils trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants, the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil.
When cuttage seeding grows 3～4 branches, branch average length greater than 2cm, to select the cloudy day or get seedling fine afternoon, balled transplanting is in the field planting ditch, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, the earthing training root and stem of certain plants is imbedded in the soil base portion of cuttage seeding bottom branch, waters and presses root and stem of certain plants water, and in time mend the root and stem of certain plants in transplanting in back 10 days.
The intertillage training root and stem of certain plants: according to numb seedling growing state, intertill 2～3 times, general's topsoil soils is in the ranks trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants when intertilling at every turn, and the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil more than 3～5cm.
Fiber crops field management:, carry out rich water quality management, diseases and pests controlling technology and the raw ramie decorticating in ramie land for growing field crops according to the requirement of ramie high yield and high quality cultivation.
Embodiment
The embodiment that below provides is that the present invention is further illustrated, does not comprise all modes of summary of the invention.
[example 1] kind is " No. three, a Hunan ramie ", requirement according to the ramie cuttage and seedling culture is ready to seedling fiber crops overlay film facility, abundant moistening seedbed, the ramie stem tip in about July clip length on the 15th 10cm or divide branch, cut off 2 leaves of cutting base portion earlier, cut off top stem section apical growing point again, keep 3～4 leaves in cutting middle part, directly cuttage is in off-the-shelf seedbed, carry out the seedbed period management by ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique, make to transplant a cutting to grow Xin Gen and branch, one level branch is cultivated into ramie low level branch cuttage seeding.Got Miao Shenzhi on August 5, when cuttage seeding grows 3～4 branches, branch average length greater than 2cm, select the cloudy day or get seedling fine afternoon, balled transplanting transplanting the good numb field of prefinishing, has been executed base manure in the field planting ditch, execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P
2O
5And K
2O content is 16%) 300kg/hm
2, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm imbeds the base portion of cuttage seeding bottom branch in the soil, waters and presses root and stem of certain plants water, and in time mend the root and stem of certain plants in back 10 days of transplanting.According to numb seedling growing state, intertill 2～3 times, when intertilling topsoil soils is trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants at every turn, the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil more than 3～5cm.According to the requirement of ramie high yield and high quality cultivation, carry out rich water quality management, diseases and pests controlling technology and the raw ramie decorticating in ramie land for growing field crops.October 25 can be received fiber crops.After measured, average 3.67 strains of the single effective strain number of the root and stem of certain plants of test region ramie; The average raw ramie output 586.5kg/hm of broken bar fiber crops (new fiber crops are received fiber crops for the first time)
2, 1667 of fibre finenesses.
[example 2] kind is " Tril ", in cuttage and seedling culture on March 2, requirement according to the ramie cuttage and seedling culture is ready to seedling fiber crops overlay film facility, abundant moistening seedbed, the ramie stem tip of clip length 12～15cm or branch branch, cut off 1～3 leaf of cutting base portion, directly cuttage is carried out the seedbed period management in the seedbed by ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique.When practicing seedling, cut off the top that survives cuttage seeding, keep 3～4 leaves of base portion, the one-level branch of transplanting a cutting is cultivated into ramie low level branch cuttage seeding, got transplantation of seedlings on May 6 in batches, when cuttage seeding grows 3～4 branches, branch average length greater than 2cm, to select the cloudy day or get seedling fine afternoon, balled transplanting is in the field planting ditch, before transplanting, plough whole good numb field, execute Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P
2O
5And K
2O content is 16%) 300kg/hm
2, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm imbeds the base portion of cuttage seeding bottom branch in the soil, waters and presses root and stem of certain plants water, and in time mend the root and stem of certain plants in back 10 days of transplanting.According to numb seedling growing state, intertill 2～3 times, when intertilling topsoil soils is trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants at every turn, the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil more than 3～5cm.According to the requirement of ramie high yield and high quality cultivation, carry out rich water quality management, diseases and pests controlling technology and the raw ramie decorticating in ramie land for growing field crops.Can break bar on August 7 and receive fiber crops.After measured, average out to 3.26 strains are counted in the effective strain of the single root and stem of certain plants of test region ramie, and broken bar fiber crops raw ramie output reaches 550.5kg/hm
2, 1486 of fibre finenesses.
[example 3] kind is " No. three, a Hunan ramie ", requirement according to the ramie cuttage and seedling culture is ready to seedbed overlay film facility, abundant moistening seedbed, the tender stem segments of 2～4 leaves of clip band, cut off its radical leaves earlier, keep 1 leaf in top, directly cuttage is carried out the seedbed period management in the seedbed by ramie normal cutting propagation propagation technique.During greater than 5cm or when having 3～5 leaves, extract the growing point of its branch in stem section branch length, make the axillary bud sprouting growth of branch, form second branch, second branch is cultivated into low level branch cuttage seeding.Got Miao Shenzhi on May 15, when cuttage seeding grows 3～4 branches, branch average length greater than 2cm, select the cloudy day or get seedling fine afternoon, balled transplanting is executed Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N, P in the field planting ditch
2O
5And K
2O content is 16%) 300kg/hm
2Make base manure, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm imbeds the base portion of cuttage seeding bottom branch in the soil, waters and presses root and stem of certain plants water, and in time mend the root and stem of certain plants in back 10 days of transplanting.According to numb seedling growing state, intertill 2～3 times, when intertilling topsoil soils is trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants at every turn, the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil more than 3～5cm.According to the requirement of ramie high yield and high quality cultivation, carry out rich water quality management, diseases and pests controlling technology and the raw ramie decorticating in ramie land for growing field crops.Received broken bar fiber crops on July 15.After measured, average 3.53 strains of the single effective strain number of the root and stem of certain plants of ramie, broken bar raw ramie output 571.9kg/hm
2, 1569 of fibre finenesses.
Claims (8)
1. a ramie low level branch cuttage seeding is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, comprise and pinch cuttage and seedling culture and plant the training root and stem of certain plants deeply, it is characterized in that: when the ramie cuttage or the seedbed phase remove to transplant a cutting or the top of numb seedling, the cuttage seeding of low level branch is carried in cultivation, cuttage seeding is rooted in the land for growing field crops, the training root and stem of certain plants during in conjunction with intertillage relies on the base portion of low level branch to take root, and makes numb seedling branch become the numb strain with independent root system.
2. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: the clip ramie stem tip or branch branch, cut off the cutting radical leaves earlier, cut off its top stem section again, keep cutting middle part cauline leaf, directly cuttage is cultivated ramie low level branch cuttage seeding in the seedbed.
3. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: the clip ramie stem tip or branch branch, cut off and transplant a cutting the direct cuttage of radical leaves in the seedbed, when practicing seedling, cut off the top tip that survives cuttage seeding, keep radical leaves, cultivate ramie low level branch cuttage seeding.
4. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: the clip tender stem segments, cut off radical leaves, keep stem section upper blade, directly cuttage is in the seedbed, treat that cutting grows new root, axillalry bud grows up to branch, remove the apical growing point of branch, cultivate ramie low level branch cuttage seeding.
5. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: when cuttage seeding to be cultivated grows branch, branch average length greater than 2cm, get the seedling balled transplanting in the field planting ditch, the base portion of first branch of cuttage seeding bottom is planted in soil, treat that numb seedling survives the back and in conjunction with intertillage topsoil soils trained into the numb root and stem of certain plants, the base portion of cuttage seeding best result branch is imbedded in the soil.
6. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 and 2 is bred with the land for growing field crops and is trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: transplant a cutting lower cut-out near the base portion first segment, the length of transplanting a cutting is controlled in the 10cm, and each is transplanted a cutting and must keep 3～4 leaves, and each is transplanted a cutting and forms 3～4 branches.
7. breed with the land for growing field crops according to claim 1 or 4 described ramie low level branch cuttage seeding and train the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: the tender stem segments of cuttage stays 2～5 joints, keep 1 leaf in top, when axillalry bud grows up to branch and 3～4 leaves are arranged, extract the apical growing point of branch, transplant in the land for growing field crops when treating the second branch average length greater than 2.0cm.
8. ramie low level branch cuttage seeding according to claim 1 is bred with the land for growing field crops and trained the tube side method seedling stage, it is characterized in that: the low level branch cuttage seeding of cultivation is a 2-6 low level branch.
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| CN102783423A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-21 | 湖南农业大学 | Low-position branch cutting seedling breeding method for ramie after topping |
| CN102919042B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for planting ramie in soil seriously contaminated by heavy metal |
| CN105165363B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-08 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of high yield breeding method of Talinum crassifolium |
| CN106212227B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-12-03 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of radish lateral branch cutting breeding method of convenient and efficient |
| CN106212229B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-12-03 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of mating system of the extremely resistance to bolting radish germplasm in Shandong District |
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| 苎麻嫩梢保温保湿扦插繁殖技术. 汪剑鸣，刘上信，刘瑛.中国农技推广，第5期. 1999 |
| 苎麻嫩梢保温保湿扦插繁殖技术. 汪剑鸣，刘上信，刘瑛.中国农技推广，第5期. 1999 * |
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