CN102783423A - Low-position branch cutting seedling breeding method for ramie after topping - Google Patents
Low-position branch cutting seedling breeding method for ramie after topping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-position branch cutting seedling breeding method for ramie after topping. According to the method, during the ramie cutting, cutting axillary buds are induced to sprout and grow through topping, ramie seedlings with shorter cutting main stems, proper branch number, lower branching positions and strong growth conditions are cultured, the proper degree deep planting is combined, intertillage culture is used as an auxiliary measure, the base parts of the ramie branches are promoted to take root, and relative independent ramie strains are obtained. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the theoretical system of the ramie genetic breeding and high-yield high-quality culture can be further enriched, the ramie low-position branch cutting breeding technology and the new ramie high-yield high-quality culture technology are completed, the popularization and application of good ramie varieties are accelerated, and the raw ramie yield, the fiber quality and the economic benefits of new ramie are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ramie culture technique, be specifically related to a kind of ramie back low level branch cuttage seeding mating system of pinching.
Background technology
Make a general survey of ramie stock breeding and high yield and high quality cultivation research; This seminar finds: the fast breeding and the promotion applied research of (1) ramie high yield and high quality kind; Only pay attention to the of propagation technique own; Ignored low, the of poor benefits adverse effect of bringing of new numb economic flow rate, the technology of taking into account ramie stock breeding and new numb high yield and high quality is few; (2) ramie stock breeding Research and application relates to seminal propagation and aspects such as terrestrial stem, subterranean stem, and reproduction coefficient constantly enlarges, and reproductive-cost constantly reduces.(3) in the new numb high-yield high-grade culture technique research of ramie, pay attention to the developmental regulation of ramie overground part more, ignored the coordinated regulation of overground part and underground part; (4) ramie is newly numb because effectively few, the high-order branch of strain number is many, the bast decorticating difficult, raw ramie yields poorly, fiber quality is poor, thereby has restricted the fast breeding popularization of ramie improved seeds for a long time.
For improving the yield and quality of the new fiber crops of ramie, Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Province Department of Agriculture etc. carried out the cultivation research of ramie seminal propagation " three then " (promptly growing seedlings, transplant then, receive then fiber crops then).The ramie seedling that Shen Jinquan etc. the carry out experiment in cultivation result that pinches shows, pinches and has controlled the apical growth of numb strain, has promoted the sprouting of base portion axillalry bud and growth fast shows significant effect of increasing production; And the ramie culture technique of pinching has been proposed, and promptly after ramie is colonizated in the land for growing field crops, when growing to the 20cm left and right sides, numb seedling pinches, and individual plant keeps 3 ~ 5 leaves, stays about a 5cm, can promote the growth of overground part and underground part, the output and the quality of raising fiber.
For the raw ramie output that further improves the planting ramie, improve its fiber quality, the present invention proposes when cuttage, to pinch, and abolishes the apical growth advantage of cutting; Promote that axillary bud sprouting becomes branch; Cultivate low level branch cuttage seeding, transplant to be aided with behind the land for growing field crops and plant deeply or train the root and stem of certain plants, make the base portion of numb seedling branch grow independently root system and become numb strain; Increase new numb field density, reduce the ramie low level branch cuttage seeding of numb plant height position branch and breed and the high yield and high quality new cultivation technology.This technology is a ramie stock breeding technology and the combining of new numb high-yield high-grade culture technique, and in further expanding propagation coefficient, effectively the comparison of strain number has increased substantially economic flow rate and the fiber quality of new fiber crops according to increasing, and the numb per unit area yield of broken bar reaches 400kg/hm
2About, fibre fineness obviously improves.
Therefore, the invention of low level branch cuttage seeding raising technology after ramie is pinched is expected fundamentally to solve problems such as the new fiber crops of ramie effectively few, the high-order branch of strain number is many, the bast decorticating difficult, raw ramie yields poorly, fiber quality difference.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ramie back low level branch cuttage seeding mating system of pinching; It is on the basis of ramie cottage propagation; Induce the growth of cutting axillary bud sprouting through pinching; Cultivate cutting stem weak point, moderate, lower, the eugonic numb seedling in branch position of branch amount, plant deeply, be aided with the intertillage training root and stem of certain plants in conjunction with appropriateness; Impel numb seedling branched base part to take root and become relatively independent numb strain, solved many, the problems such as raw ramie yields poorly, fiber quality difference of few, the high-order branch of basic seedling amount of planting ramie departures.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner.
Low level branch cuttage seeding mating system after a kind of ramie is pinched:
Stem tip of ramie or divide branch in the clip ramee variety cuts off the cutting radical leaves earlier, cuts off its top stem section again, keeps to transplant a cutting the middle part cauline leaf, and directly cuttage is cultivated ramie low level cuttage seeding in the seedbed; Cutting basal part of stem diameter 0.6cm, the length 5cm that transplants a cutting stay 4 of number of sheets amounts, cuttage degree of depth 1.5cm and cutting density 44 strains/m
2When ramie low level cuttage seeding plant height 30-40cm, the long top of the clip 15-25cm tip inserts big Tanaka's cultivation as transplanting a cutting.
Before inserting big Tanaka and cultivating with the cutting of clip with 1000 times of solution soaking 1 ~ 2min of 70% thiophanate methyl, cuttage behind the drenched native face that waters is evenly sprayed 70% methyl with watering can again after inserting and is taken off the 1000 times of solution in cloth Tianjin once, mulch film adds the covering of sunshade net.
The present invention is when the ramie cuttage; Induce the growth of cutting axillary bud sprouting through pinching, cultivate cutting stem weak point, moderate, lower, the eugonic numb seedling in branch position of branch amount, plant deeply in conjunction with appropriateness; Be aided with the intertillage training root and stem of certain plants, impel numb seedling branched base part to take root and become relatively independent numb strain.Method provided by the invention can further be enriched the theoretical system of ramie genetic breeding and high yield and high quality cultivation; Improve efficient raising technology of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding and new numb high-yield high-grade culture technique thereof; Especially be suitable in the ramee variety improved seeds of ramie and apply, increase substantially raw ramie output, fiber quality and the economic benefit of new fiber crops.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is used to further specify, but does not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1: ramie low level cuttage seeding planting harl yield and quality after the inventive method is pinched
1, test material and design
Kind has No., middle ramie, No. three, Hunan ramie and Tri-1; Wherein middle ramie is bought for No. one from crudefiber crop research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and No. three, Hunan ramie and Tri-1 buy from ramie research institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan.
Two processing are established in test: pinch during cuttage (T obtains low level branch cuttage seeding according to the method for pinching of the present invention) and do not pinch (CK, normal cutting propagation seedling), three repetitions, district's group is arranged at random.When transplanting the land for growing field crops, the appropriateness trench digging is planted and the ridging training root and stem of certain plants deeply, manages same land for growing field crops.
2, result
The result shows:
(1) in constituting each proterties of fiber production (plant height, stem are thick, fresh hide thickness, fresh hide fibre percentage and effective strain number); That the cuttage seeding handled of pinching all is higher than contrast and present difference in various degree between the two, wherein effectively the difference of strain number has reached utmost point significance level.This explanation cuttage seeding planting fiber crops output of handling of pinching is higher than the reason of contrast, although be the comprehensive function of multiple factor, and the still effective strain number (table 1) that plays a major role; Though No. one, middle ramie is lower slightly with Tri-1 than No. three, Hunan ramie on plant height,, fresh hide thickness thick, fresh hide fibre percentage, effectively all be higher than other kind on strain number and the output at stem, explain of the present invention pinching and handle, expression effect the best of a kind of middle ramie.
Table 1 is pinched to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding planting fiber crops raw ramie output and constituent element thereof
The branch cuttage seeding planting fiber crops or the contrast of (2) no matter pinching and handling, all there is some difference at aspects such as ultimate strength, fracture strength, extension at break, tensile stretch, work to break, initial modulus for different cultivars, but difference not significantly (table 2).The pinching of different cultivars handled branch cuttage seeding planting harl and propped up number average and be higher than contrast, but has only kind of middle ramie between two processing, to reach significance level.The raising that this explanation, the pinching of branch cuttage seeding planting fiber crops not only help fibre count but also the expression effect of a kind of middle ramie are best.
Table 2 is pinched to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding planting flaxen fiber quality
Embodiment 2: ramie low level cuttage seeding characteristic was to the influence of its planting percent after the inventive method was pinched
Experimental scheme:
One, single factor design
1, material and design
Material: with embodiment 1.
Experimental scheme: control treatment (CK, the normal cutting propagation seedling of not pinching), and pinch handle comprise 5 factors, 3 levels, specific as follows:
Factor 1 is for transplanting a cutting thickness: three levels are respectively seedlings (cutting basal part of stem diameter 0.8cm), middle seedling (cutting basal part of stem diameter 0.6cm) and seedling (cutting basal part of stem diameter 0.4cm).
Factor 2 is for transplanting a cutting length: three levels are respectively 5cm, 10cm and 15cm.
Factor 3 is stayed the number of sheets (blade that launches fully in the cutting) for transplanting a cutting: three levels are respectively 2,4,6.
Factor 4 is the cuttage degree of depth (cutting base portion otch embedded depth): three levels are respectively 1.5cm, 3.0cm and 4.5cm.
Factor 5 is cutting density: three levels are respectively 15cm * 15cm (i.e. 44 strains/m
2), 10cm * 10cm (i.e. 100 strains/m
2) and 5cm * 5cm (i.e. 400 strains/m
2).
2, result
Can know that from the single factor experiment result of table 3 the cuttage seeding characteristic handled of pinching is significantly higher than contrast to the planting percent of ramie branch cuttage seeding, and pinch handle in the result of each factor and level following:
(1) transplanting a cutting on the thickness planting percent of middle seedling higher (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 82.36% ~ 87.36%, average out to 85.18%); The taking second place of seedlings (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 74.69% ~ 79.37%, average out to 77.48%), (the planting percent scope of three kinds is at 72.27% ~ 77.64% for seedling minimum; Average out to 75.19%); And during this explanation ramie low level branch cuttage seeding cuttage, cutting should not be too thick, can not be too tiny.
(2) transplanting a cutting on the length planting percent of 5cm the highest (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 78.46% ~ 93.82%, average out to 86.56%); The taking second place of 10cm (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 78.41% ~ 92.74%, average out to 85.62%); Minimum (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 70.26% ~ 78.46%, average out to 73.58%) of 15cm; This explanation planting percent descends along with the increase of cutting length gradually.
(3) stay on the number of sheets in cutting, that 4 planting percent reaches is the highest (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 84.26% ~ 89.52%, average out to 87.50%); 2 take second place (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 80.05% ~ 82.32%, average out to 80.05%); 6 minimum (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 74.84% ~ 77.53%, average out to 76.22%).
(4) on the cuttage degree of depth, the planting percent of 1.5cm the highest (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 85.84% ~ 90.08%, average out to 88.63%); 3.0cm take second place (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 78.89% ~ 81.13%, average out to 80.26%); 4.5cm minimum (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 68.96% ~ 71.28%, average out to 70.11%); This explanation planting percent reduces with the increase of the cuttage degree of depth gradually.
(5) on cutting density, 44 strains/m
2Planting percent the highest (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 86.47% ~ 89.93%, average out to 88.65%); 100 strains/m
2Take second place (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 85.33% ~ 89.47%, average out to 87.57%); 400 strains/m
2Minimum (the planting percent scope of three kinds at 63.23% ~ 68.24%, average out to 65.86%); This explanation planting percent improves with the reduction of cutting density gradually.
Table 3 cuttage seeding characteristic is to the influence (single factor) of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding planting percent
In sum, can draw: be that middle seedling, cuttings length are that to stay the number of sheets be that 4, the cuttage degree of depth are that 1.5cm and cutting density are 15cm * 15cm (i.e. 44 strains/m for 5cm, cutting to transplant a cutting thickness in the cuttage seeding characteristic of handling of pinching
2) to the best results of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding planting percent.
Two, complex factors design
1, material: with embodiment 1.
2, complex factors designs (utilize orthogonal design, see table 4, the same single factor experiment of factor and level)
Table 4 Orthogonal Experiment and Design (five factors, three levels)
3, result
Can know from the complex factors result of the test of table 5: No. one, ramie is 5 (combination is 21211) with the highest tested number of Tri-1 planting percent the kind, promptly in the cutting length, the cuttage degree of depth and the 44 strains/m that the number of sheets, 1.5cm are stayed in 4 cutting of cutting thickness, 5cm of seedling
2Cutting density; The highest tested number of planting percent that No. three, kind Hunan ramie is 8 (combination is 22212), promptly in the cutting length, the cuttage degree of depth and the 100 strains/m that the number of sheets, 1.5cm are stayed in 4 cutting of cutting thickness, 10cm of seedling
2Cutting density.
In complex factors, No. one, ramie and Tri-1 pinch in the kind, and to handle the cuttage seeding characteristic identical with monofactorial result of the test to the optimum efficiency of ramie branch cuttage seeding planting percent, and No. three, kind Hunan ramie is variant with monofactorial result of the test.
Table 5 cuttage seeding characteristic is to the influence (complex factors) of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding planting percent
From the test of single factor and complex factors, can draw: to pinch and handle the cuttage seeding characteristic be that middle seedling, cuttings length are that to stay the number of sheets be that 4, the cuttage degree of depth are that 1.5cm and cutting density are 15cm * 15cm (i.e. 44 strains/m for 5cm, cutting to the optimum efficiency of ramie branch cuttage seeding planting percent for transplanting a cutting thickness for No. one, ramie and Tri-1 in the kind
2), wherein planting percent of ramie reaches 92.14% in the kind, and Tri-1 is 86.85%; And No. three, kind Hunan ramie is different with monofactorial result of the test, and showing as and transplanting a cutting thickness is that middle seedling, cuttings length are that to stay the number of sheets be that 4, the cuttage degree of depth are that 1.5cm and cutting density are 10cm * 10cm (i.e. 100 strains/m for 10cm, cutting
2), planting percent is 83.24%.
Embodiment 3: ramie low level cuttage seeding characteristic was to the influence of its numb seedling quality after the inventive method was pinched
1, material and design: with the single factor experiment of embodiment 2.
2, result
(1) inserts of the influence of seedling thickness to ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Can know from table 6: the individual plant root dry weight mean value of seedlings minimum (0.30g); And the maximum of middle seedling (0.46g), seedling then is between the two (0.35g), and this matches with the influence of cutting thickness to planting percent; Proved absolutely that cutting is thick more, the root of hair ability is poor more during cuttage; The stem height recruitment mean value of seedlings maximum (4.01cm), and take second place (3.93cm) of middle seedling, the minimum of seedling (3.89cm); The individual plant branch amount mean value of middle seedling maximum (3.69/strain), and take second place (2.31/strain) of seedling, the minimum of seedlings (2.18/strain); The minimum branch position mean value maximum (9.00cm) of seedlings, and take second place (8.35cm) of seedling, the minimum of middle seedling (6.91cm); The best result branch position mean value maximum (14.20cm) of seedlings, and take second place (12.80cm) of seedling, the minimum of middle seedling (11.70cm); The long mean value in the branch position of seedlings maximum (5.11cm), and take second place (4.56cm) of seedling, the minimum of middle seedling (4.54cm).This explanation in inserting of the influence of seedling thickness to ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality, the behaving oneself best of middle seedling.
Table 6 is inserted the influence of seedling thickness to ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
(2) cutting length is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Table 7 is inserted the influence of seedling length to ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Can know from table 7: the individual plant root dry weight is being transplanted a cutting length during at 5 ~ 15cm; Almost there is not difference; Just along with the increase of cutting length the trend that reduces is gradually arranged, this explanation cutting effect length growing of root system, and the quality of root growth is determining the height of planting percent; Stem height recruitment descends along with the increase of cutting length, and the mean value during 5cm is 3.63cm, and during 10cm is 2.97cm, and during 15cm is 1.77cm; Maximum when the individual plant branch amount is 15cm (5.30/strain), the minimum during 10cm (3.75/strain); Maximum (10.70cm) when minimum branch position is 15cm, the minimum during 5cm (3.04cm); Maximum (16.90cm) when best result branch position is 15cm, the minimum during 10cm (13.80cm); The maximum (6.75cm) that the branch position is long when being 15cm, the minimum during 5cm (3.02cm).These results show equally: transplant a cutting longly more, be unfavorable for the cottage propagation of low level branch seedling more.Therefore, cutting length is best in the effect of 5cm.
(3) insert seedling and stay the influence of the number of sheets ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Table 8 is inserted seedling and is stayed the influence of the number of sheets to ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Can know from table 8: transplant a cutting ramie and stay the individual plant root dry weight influence of the number of sheets to low level branch seedling the maximum in the time of 4 (0.41g), the minimum in the time of 2 (0.32g); Stem height recruitment, the mean value in the time of 2 maximum (3.94cm), the minimum in the time of 6 (3.32cm); The maximum (5.09/strain) of individual plant branch amount in the time of 6, the minimum in the time of 2 (3.52/strain); The maximum (9.18cm) of minimum branch position in the time of 6, the minimum in the time of 2 (7.09cm); The maximum (14.20cm) of best result branch position in the time of 2 is 13.70cm in the time of 4 and 6 the time; The long maximum (6.56cm) in the time of 2 in branch position, the minimum in the time of 6 (4.33cm).Comprehensive various factors thinks that to stay 4 of number of sheets amounts best.
(4) the cuttage degree of depth is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Can know from table 9: individual plant root dry weight, stem height recruitment, individual plant branch amount, minimum branch amount, the long increase that all shows as with the cuttage degree of depth of best result branch number and branch position reduce.The difference of the best result branch position of the different cuttage degree of depth is great disparity, and is different with the otherness of minimum branch position, and this possibly be owing to the otherness of stem height recruitment between the different cuttage degree of depth is caused.These results show, the cuttage degree of depth is the best during with the 1.5cm left and right sides.
The table 9 cuttage degree of depth is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
(5) cutting density is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Table 10 cutting density is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
Can know from table 10: individual plant root dry weight, stem height recruitment and individual plant branch number average improve with the reduction of cutting density gradually; All reduce gradually with the reduction of cutting density and best result branch position, minimum branch position and branch position are long, this explanation cutting density is 44 strains/m
2Left and right sides best results.
(6) best cuttage seeding characteristic combination is to the influence of ramie branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
By the back best ramie branch cuttage seeding characteristic combination of pinching that draws, the thickness of promptly transplanting a cutting is that middle seedling, cuttings length are that to stay the number of sheets be that 4, the cuttage degree of depth are that 1.5cm and cutting density are 15cm * 15cm (i.e. 44 strains/m for 5cm, cutting
2), the result that influences of three different cultivars fiber crops seedling quality is shown (table 11): the difference of three kinds on the individual plant root dry weight is not remarkable; On stem height recruitment, individual plant branch amount and minimum branch position, the difference between No. three, No. one, middle ramie and Hunan ramie and Tri-1 reach utmost point significance level but after between the two difference not remarkable; In best result branch position and branch position long on, the difference between No. three, No. one, middle ramie and Hunan ramie and Tri-1 reach significance level but after between the two difference not remarkable.
The best cuttage seeding characteristic of table 11 is to the influence of ramie low level branch cuttage seeding fiber crops seedling quality
| Individual plant root dry weight (g) | Stem height recruitment (cm) | Individual plant branch amount (individual/strain) | Minimum branch position (cm) | Best result branch position (cm) | Branch position long (cm) | |
| No. three, Hunan ramie | 0.43aA | 3.52bB | 3.84bB | 7.07aA | 9.78bA | 3.96aA |
| Tri-1 | 0.42aA | 3.89bB | 3.97bB | 7.15aA | 10.94bA | 4.00aA |
| No. one, middle ramie | 0.44aA | 4.48aA | 4.16aA | 5.85bB | 11.82aA | 3.86bA |
Claims (2)
1. low level branch cuttage seeding mating system is characterized in that after a ramie was pinched, stem tip of ramie or branch branch in the clip ramee variety; Cut off the cutting radical leaves earlier, cut off its top stem section again, keep cutting middle part cauline leaf; Directly cuttage is cultivated ramie low level cuttage seeding in the seedbed; Cutting basal part of stem diameter 0.6cm, the length 5cm that transplants a cutting stay 4 of number of sheets amounts, cuttage degree of depth 1.5cm and cutting density 44 strains/m
2When ramie low level cuttage seeding plant height 30-40cm, the long top of the clip 15-25cm tip inserts big Tanaka's cultivation as transplanting a cutting.
2. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Before inserting big Tanaka and cultivating with the cutting of clip with 1000 times of solution soaking 1 ~ 2min of 70% thiophanate methyl; The cuttage behind the drenched native face of watering is evenly sprayed 70% methyl with watering can again after inserting and is taken off the 1000 times of solution in cloth Tianjin once, and mulch film adds the sunshade net and covers.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105165363A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | High-yield seed multiplication method for talinum crassifolium |
| CN105660095A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Mechanical winter culture method for ramie |
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| CN1605239A (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2005-04-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Breeding of ramie low-position branching cuttage seedling and field seedling cultivation method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165363A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | High-yield seed multiplication method for talinum crassifolium |
| CN105165363B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-08 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of high yield breeding method of Talinum crassifolium |
| CN105660095A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Mechanical winter culture method for ramie |
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Application publication date: 20121121 |