CN105660095A - Mechanical winter culture method for ramie - Google Patents
Mechanical winter culture method for ramie Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660095A CN105660095A CN201610004509.2A CN201610004509A CN105660095A CN 105660095 A CN105660095 A CN 105660095A CN 201610004509 A CN201610004509 A CN 201610004509A CN 105660095 A CN105660095 A CN 105660095A
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- ramie
- winter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical winter culture method for ramie. The method comprises the steps that according to the actual conditions of a ramie field, a specific small intertillage fertilizer distributor and a ditching banking machine are utilized, reasonable mechanical tillage parameters and fertilizer and pesticide dosage are selected, ramie field culture management is carried out before winter, and existing manual winter culture is replaced. Practical results show that compared with manual winter culture, the growth vigor and agronomic characters of ramie in the next year are significantly improved, and it is proves that the mechanical winter culture can completely replace manual winter culture; in addition, by means of the mechanical winter culture, the labor efficiency can be improved, the production cost can be greatly reduce, and healthy development of ramie industry is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to arviculture field, it is specifically related to the training orientation of surviving the winter (being called for short winter training) of ramie.
Technical background
Ramie is the important perennial fibre crops of China, and its phloem fiber can gather in the crops three times in 1 year, and discovered in recent years ramie is also a kind of excellent fodder crop. The training of ramie winter is exactly carry out cultivating and managing at Ma Yuan winter, although winter, ramie over-ground part was withered, but the not dormancy of the numb root and stem of certain plants of underground part, still carrying out the vital movements such as the strong root and stem of certain plants of pregnant bud. Winter training can promote soil microbial activity, it is to increase soil fertility, extends the ramie perennial root life-span, creates good condition for ramie grows, and can significantly improve the output of the 2nd year former fiber crops. If do not carried out winter training, Soil degradation will be caused, lose the root and stem of certain plants, fiber crops garden lie waste, and then cause output to decline. Winter training comprises dark intertillage, heavy dressing fertilizer, earths up and cover the root and stem of certain plants three links.
For a long time, the training of ramie winter is all manually carry out. Comprising and loosening the soil with hoe, artificially applying fertilizer, the root and stem of certain plants etc. is covered in cleaning railway carriage or compartment ditch and ridging. Training of artificial winter labour intensity is big, and efficiency is low, and cost height, seriously hinders the development of whole industry. Do not develop the machinery being specially adapted for the training of ramie winter at present, therefore can only according to the requirement of current ramie cultivation mode and winter training, select suitable cultivator-fertilizer and trench digging ridging machine, and the program according to the artificial winter training of ramie, machinery is utilized to replace in each link artificial, both labour intensity can be alleviated, and cost can be greatly saved again. Do not utilize machinery that ramie carries out the report of winter training at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of ramie mechanize winter culture method. The present invention is directed to the problem that training of current ramie artificial winter labour intensity is big, work consuming is many, utilize machinery to replace artificial, innovation ramie winter culture method, both raised the efficiency, alleviated again labour intensity, and then promoted the development of ramie industry. Ramie mechanize winter culture method provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) removing numb bar unnecessary on face, railway carriage or compartment before clearing up the training of face, railway carriage or compartment mechanize winter, the numb bar height distance ground of reservation is not higher than 15cm;
(2) fertilising utilizes cultivator-fertilizer, and can fertilizer is filled and stirred uniform fertilizer and sterilant, and while soil hoe pine between the fiber crops root and stem of certain plants, fertilizer and sterilant are fallen in the soil of hoe pine from the funnel of can fertilizer.
(3) ridging utilizes trench digging ridging machine, at the uniform velocity advances along railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden ditch, and the soil dug out evenly covers on the numb root and stem of certain plants in face, railway carriage or compartment, both sides.
(4) cover and face, railway carriage or compartment adds lid mulch film.
As a further improvement on the present invention, cultivator is curved face type ridging shovel, during fertilising, wheelspan is adjusted to 58-62cm, and plough spacing of loosening the soil is adjusted to 60cm, and the degree of depth is adjusted to 10-12cm, and speed is adjusted to 60m/min, along the capable advance of the root and stem of certain plants of face, railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden. During ridging, rotary-blade width being adjusted to 45-55cm, the degree of depth is adjusted to 27-33cm, and speed is adjusted to 100m/min.
As a further improvement on the present invention, fertilizer comprises nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate and nitro ammonium phosphate, and sterilant is that furans is red. The consumption of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 100-150kg/hm2, the consumption of diammonium phosphate is 20-30kg/hm2, the consumption of potassium primary phosphate is 80-100kg/hm2, the consumption of nitro ammonium phosphate is 10-20kg/hm2。
The nutrient of described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen, described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and described potassium oxide is 15%. Nutrient in described diammonium phosphate comprises nitrogen and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen is 18%, and the weight percent of described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 46%. Nutrient in described potassium primary phosphate comprises Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide, and the weight percent of wherein said Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 52%, and the weight percent of described potassium oxide is 34%. Nutrient in described nitro ammonium phosphate comprises nitrogen and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen is 30%, and the weight percent of described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 4%. Described furans red for active constituent content be the granule of 3%. The red consumption of furans is 40-45kg/hm2。
As the further improvement of the present invention, ramie garden varieties of plant is " No. 1, middle ramie ", " No. 2, middle ramie " and " No. 3, middle ramie ", and two ages are numb. Railway carriage or compartment face width 3.8m, railway carriage or compartment ditch width 60cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 60cm.
As the further improvement of the present invention, trencher is cut the earth earth uniform fold on the face, railway carriage or compartment of ditch both sides, railway carriage or compartment 1.2-1.8m, and cladding thickness is 2-3cm. Lid 3 layers of numb mulch film are added afterwards on face, railway carriage or compartment.
Described fiber crops mulch film is the environment-friendly type being made up of the ramee fiber crops mulch film of Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences's development. This fiber crops mulch film degradable, pollution-free and can effectively suppress weed growth, there is Bao Shui, moisturizing, the advantage such as ventilative simultaneously.
Embodiment
The following stated is only embodiments of the invention, is not limited to the present invention, and all any amendment, equivalent replacement and improvement etc. made in the specialized range of the present invention, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Contriver adopts the training of mechanize winter and the training of artificial winter to carry out simultaneous test respectively, is " No. 3, middle ramie " for examination ramee variety, every community 114m2, repeat for three times. In simultaneous test, the mechanize winter concrete implementation step of training is as follows:
1. the numb garden of normal plantation carries out winter training in annual around slight snow, removes the numb bar of residual on face, railway carriage or compartment before winter training, is convenient to mechanize operation.
2. utilize small-sized cultivation fertilizing machine, the uniform fertilizer of stirring and sterilant are loaded dump bin, cultivator-fertilizer wheelspan is adjusted to 60cm, plough spacing of loosening the soil is adjusted to 60cm, the degree of depth is adjusted to 10cm, speed is adjusted to 60m/min along the capable advance of the root and stem of certain plants of face, railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden, and while soil hoe pine between the fiber crops root and stem of certain plants, fertilizer and sterilant are fallen in the soil of hoe pine from the funnel of can fertilizer.
3. utilizing small-sized trench digging ridging machine, rotary-blade width is adjusted to 50cm, the degree of depth is adjusted to 30cm, and speed is adjusted to 100m/min and at the uniform velocity advances along railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden ditch, and the soil dug out evenly covers on the numb root and stem of certain plants in face, railway carriage or compartment, both sides.
4. on face, ramie railway carriage or compartment, cover three layers of numb mulch film be incubated.
In simultaneous test, the concrete implementation step of training of artificial winter is shown in " the training high-yield culture technique measure of fiber crops garden winter " (farming and cultivation, the fourth phase in 2015).
The training of mechanize winter applied fertilizer with the training of artificial winter expect identical with sterilant, it may also be useful to measure and be: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 150kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate 30kg/hm2, potassium primary phosphate 100kg/hm2, nitro ammonium phosphate 20kg/hm2, the red 45kg/hm of furans2. Field management in 2nd year is identical. Measure yield traits (table 1) and the economical character (table 2) of ramie under different winter training mode respectively.
Under the different winter training mode of table 1, the yield traits of ramie compares
Under the different winter training mode of table 2, the economical character of ramie compares
Ramie mechanize winter culture method provided by the invention, according to the cultivation mode of current ramie, utilizes small-sized cultivation fertilizing machine and trench digging ridging machine that ramie is carried out management in winter, substitutes traditional training of artificial winter. Ramie mechanize winter culture method provided by the invention, compares with the training of artificial winter, and growth potential and the economical character of the 2nd year ramie are significantly improved, and proves that the training of mechanize winter can replace the training of artificial winter completely; In addition, the training of mechanize winter is possible not only to raise labour efficiency, it is also possible to significantly reduce production cost, and then promotes that ramie industry develops in a healthy way.
Claims (9)
1. a mechanize winter culture method for ramie, is characterised in that and comprises the following steps:
(1) removing numb bar unnecessary on face, railway carriage or compartment before clearing up the training of face, railway carriage or compartment mechanize winter, the numb bar height distance ground of reservation is not higher than 15cm;
(2) fertilising utilizes cultivator-fertilizer, and can fertilizer fills fertilizer and sterilant, and while soil hoe pine between the fiber crops root and stem of certain plants, fertilizer and sterilant are fallen in the soil of hoe pine from the funnel of can fertilizer.
(3) ridging utilizes trench digging ridging machine, at the uniform velocity advances along railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden ditch, and the soil dug out evenly covers on the numb root and stem of certain plants in face, railway carriage or compartment, both sides.
(4) cover and face, railway carriage or compartment adds lid mulch film.
2. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the cultivator that step (2) is applied fertilizer is curved face type ridging shovel, during fertilising, wheelspan is adjusted to 58～62cm, plough spacing of loosening the soil is adjusted to 60cm, the degree of depth is adjusted to 10～12cm, and speed is adjusted to 60m/min, along the capable advance of the root and stem of certain plants of face, railway carriage or compartment, ramie garden.
3. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is adjusted to 45～55cm by wide for rotary-blade when step (3) is earthed up, the degree of depth is adjusted to 27～33cm, and speed is adjusted to 100m/min.
4. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the fertilizer described in step (2), comprises nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, potassium primary phosphate and nitro ammonium phosphate, and described sterilant is that furans is red.
5. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the nutrient of described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen, described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and described potassium oxide is 15%. Nutrient in described diammonium phosphate comprises nitrogen and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen is 18%, and the weight percent of described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 46%. Nutrient in described potassium primary phosphate comprises Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and potassium oxide, and the weight percent of wherein said Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 52%, and the weight percent of described potassium oxide is 34%.Nutrient in described nitro ammonium phosphate comprises nitrogen and Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, and the weight percent of wherein said nitrogen is 30%, and the weight percent of described Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 4%.
6. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 4, it is characterised in that, the consumption of described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 100～150kg/hm2, the consumption of diammonium phosphate is 20～30kg/hm2, the consumption of potassium primary phosphate is 80～100kg/hm2, the consumption of nitro ammonium phosphate is 10～20kg/hm2。
7. the mechanize winter culture method of a kind of ramie according to claim 4, it is characterised in that, described furans red for active constituent content be the granule of 3%, consumption is 40～45kg/hm2。
8. according to the mechanize winter culture method of the ramie one of claim 1-7 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that, step (3) described trencher is cut the earth earth uniform fold on the face, railway carriage or compartment of ditch both sides, railway carriage or compartment 1.2～1.8m, and cladding thickness is 2～3cm.
9. the mechanize winter culture method of ramie according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described step (4) adds lid 3 layers of numb mulch film on face, railway carriage or compartment.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN201610004509.2A CN105660095B (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-01-05 | Ramie mechanization winter culture method |
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| CN201610004509.2A CN105660095B (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-01-05 | Ramie mechanization winter culture method |
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| CN105660095A true CN105660095A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
| CN105660095B CN105660095B (en) | 2018-08-17 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109156279A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A method of control ramie loses the root and stem of certain plants |
| CN109463231A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-03-15 | 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 | A kind of ramie planting based on the fresh feeding of livestock and poultry utilizes method |
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| CN109156279A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-08 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A method of control ramie loses the root and stem of certain plants |
| CN109156279B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-09-29 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Method for controlling ramie stump failure |
| CN109463231A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-03-15 | 重庆市渝东南农业科学院 | A kind of ramie planting based on the fresh feeding of livestock and poultry utilizes method |
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