CN109156279B - Method for controlling ramie stump failure - Google Patents
Method for controlling ramie stump failure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109156279B CN109156279B CN201810943366.0A CN201810943366A CN109156279B CN 109156279 B CN109156279 B CN 109156279B CN 201810943366 A CN201810943366 A CN 201810943366A CN 109156279 B CN109156279 B CN 109156279B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling ramie stump failure, which comprises the following steps: wild buckwheat is adopted as an intercropping crop to be intercropped with ramie. The method provided by the invention intercrops wild buckwheat rhizome and ramie, so that the stump losing rate of the ramie can be effectively reduced, the yield of the ramie is increased, and the land utilization rate of the ramie field is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for controlling ramie stump failure.
Background
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich), also called as wild ramie, domestic ramie, thread ramie, knife ramie, green ramie or white ramie, belongs to perennial grass perennial root plants of the family Urticaceae, Ramie. The ramie can be utilized by all plants, wherein, the ramie fiber has the functions of moisture absorption, ventilation, bacteriostasis, corrosion prevention and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of clothes, home textiles and ornaments, the ramie leaves have high nutritive value and are ideal animal feeds, the ramie root contains the medicinal components of 'ramie acid' and has the functions of nourishing yin, preventing miscarriage, treating vexation before and after parturition, treating furuncle and the like, and the ramie bone which is a byproduct of the ramie can be used for making paper, manufacturing fiber boards, brewing wine or sugar.
The ramie is used as perennial root plant, the ramie stump in the underground part has self-renewal capacity, and the perennial root can be planted for 10 to 30 years, even 100 years. However, with the increase of the planting years and the harvest times, the diseases caused by rhizosphere microorganisms of the ramie are increased, continuous cropping obstacles are generated, the phenomenon of stump failure is serious, and the yield of the ramie in unit area is restricted.
At present, the ramie stump failure is produced by adopting methods of cultivating cut-resistant and disease-resistant varieties, filling stumps, treating root-knot nematodes, crop rotation and the like. However, the difficulty of cultivating the cut-resistant variety is high, the period is long, and no available cut-resistant and disease-resistant variety is produced at present. The method for filling the roots needs to perform cutting and transplanting of the hemp seedlings again, but the newly planted hemp seedlings can reach a certain yield after 1 to 2 years. The method is not easy to operate in production, and the method can treat the stump failure caused by diseases by chemical landfill, deep excavation and soil drying.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for controlling ramie stump failure, which is to intercropping wild buckwheat rhizome and ramie, so that the stump failure rate of the ramie can be effectively reduced, the yield of the ramie is increased, and the land utilization rate of a ramie field is increased.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method of controlling the staleness of ramie, the method comprising: wild buckwheat is adopted as an intercropping crop to be intercropped with ramie.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for controlling ramie stump failure, which comprises the following steps: wild buckwheat is adopted as an intercropping crop to be intercropped with ramie.
The ramie is a perennial crop, and with the increase of the planting age, the microbial environment of the stump part of the ramie changes, the disease increases, and the stump phenomenon occurs. The root rot nematode disease (Pratylenchus penetrrans Cobb) is one of the main causes of ramie stump failure, and mainly causes the ramie stump failure phenomenon, wherein the disease mainly causes the ramie underground parts, particularly radish roots, to be infected, black brown irregular spots are generated at the initial stage, the ramie stumps are slightly sunken, then the ramie stumps gradually expand into black brown large disease spots and penetrate into the xylem, the stump failure phenomenon is generated, and overground part hemp plants of the ramie stumps are short and small, leaves are yellow, and the ramie stumps are withered during drought.
In order to solve the problems, the method provided by the invention uses wild buckwheat rhizome as an intercropping crop to intercroph with ramie, the tuberous root of the wild buckwheat rhizome is rapidly increased in the process of intercropping, the rhizosphere microorganisms and the secreted antibacterial secondary metabolites of the tuberous root can change the variety and the number of the rhizosphere microorganisms of the ramie, and a bacteriostatic ring is formed at the root of the ramie, so that the wild buckwheat rhizome has a good inhibitory effect on root rot nematodes, the incidence of the root rot nematodes is effectively reduced, and the occurrence of the ramie rancidity phenomenon is inhibited. Meanwhile, the stem, the leaf and the flower of the wild buckwheat rhizome have a large amount of endophytic fungi distribution, and active substances secreted by the wild buckwheat rhizome have an inhibiting effect on microorganisms, insects and the like, so that the stem and the leaf of the ramie are protected to a certain extent, and the using amount of pesticides can be reduced.
Therefore, the method can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the ramie and reduce the usage amount of the farm chemical in the ramie field. Specifically, according to the description of the specification and the examples of the application, the method disclosed by the invention can reduce the usage amount of the pesticide in the ramie field by 50%, reduce the incidence rate of root rot nematodes by 60%, and reduce the rancidity rate of ramie in the old ramie field of 5-10 ages by more than 30%.
Secondly, the method of the invention is used for planting wild buckwheat rhizome in the ramie field, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of the field, the growth characteristics of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome are similar, the production seasons are almost the same, the common growth time of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome is long, the difficulty of field management can be reduced, the double harvest of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome can be obtained, and the yield per unit area can be increased.
Moreover, since the growth years of ramie are long, the growth cycle of crops intercropped with ramie is generally shorter than that of ramie, and the ramie needs to be harvested and new intercropped crops are replanted before the growth cycle of ramie is finished, so that the ramie has damage to the root system of ramie to a certain extent. The wild buckwheat rhizome is a perennial plant, when the wild buckwheat rhizome is used as a medicine, root tubers can be harvested in the next year after planting or in the autumn and winter after planting, and can also be used as a feed to harvest only overground stem leaves, and the root tubers always grow together with the ramie.
In some specific embodiments, in order to ensure smooth field ventilation and drainage and improve the sunlight utilization rate of ramie and intercropped crops, the distance between the intercropped crops and the ramie stump is set to be 10-50 cm, for example, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm or 50 cm.
In some specific embodiments, the ramie is new ramie or old ramie, optionally, the new ramie is ramie under 5 ages, such as newly planted ramie, 1 age ramie, 2 age ramie, 3 age ramie, 4 age ramie or 5 age ramie; optionally, the old ramie is ramie of more than 5 years old, for example, ramie of 6 years old, ramie of 7 years old, ramie of 8 years old, ramie of 9 years old or ramie of 10 years old or more.
The method of the invention can not only prevent the new ramie from generating root rot nematode disease in the perennial continuous cropping process, but also has good root rot nematode control capability for old ramie fields which have been perennial continuous cropping and have high root rot nematode disease incidence rate.
In some specific embodiments, the methods further comprise field management comprising at least one or more of fertilizing, watering, pest control, and harvesting ramie and the intercropped crop according to the growth characteristics of ramie. Because the growth characteristics and the growth seasons of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are similar, the method disclosed by the invention directly performs field management such as fertilization, watering and harvesting according to the growth characteristics of the ramie, and is time-saving and labor-saving.
In some specific embodiments, the harvesting comprises: in the first year of intercropping, 1-6 harvests are carried out on the ramie and the overground part of the intercropping crops; and harvesting the ramie and the overground part of the intercropped crops 3-10 times every year from the second year of intercropping.
In some specific embodiments, the method further comprises harvesting the root tubers of the intercropped crops for more than one year.
In some specific embodiments, in order to promote regrowth of ramie and intercropped crops and development of tuberous roots, the method further comprises topdressing 8-15 Kg/mu of urea after harvesting overground parts of the ramie and the intercropped crops every time, and topdressing 10-25 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer after harvesting the ramie and the intercropped crops 2-3 times per year.
In some embodiments, the field management of the methods of the present invention further comprises spraying a drug (e.g., an aphicide) to reduce aphid infestation, depending on the pest occurrence.
In some specific embodiments, the field management further comprises winter cultivation, the winter cultivation comprising: intertilling for more than 10-15 cm, applying 200-300 Kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 20-35 Kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
In some specific embodiments, the method further comprises: before planting the ramie, applying organic fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by interplanting ramie and wild buckwheat in the method, the morbidity of root rot nematodes of the ramie can be reduced by 60%, the stump failure rate of the ramie can be reduced by more than 30%, and the using amount of field pesticides can be reduced by 50%.
(2) The growth characteristics of the ramie and the wild buckwheat in the method are similar, the growth seasons are almost the same, the difficulty of field management of crop intercropping can be reduced, and the double harvest of the ramie and the wild buckwheat is obtained.
(3) The method of the invention can not only prevent the new ramie from generating root rot nematode disease in the perennial continuous cropping process, but also has good control capability for the root rot nematode disease of old ramie which has been continuously cropped for a long time and has high disease rate of the root rot nematode disease.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a method for reducing a ramie stump failure rate by performing an intercropping between ramie and cymose buckwheat rhizome, including:
1. applying 200 kg/mu of organic fertilizer before planting, planting ramie at a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 30cm, planting wild buckwheat rhizome in the row spacing of the ramie and at a position 25cm away from a ramie root, wherein the plant spacing is the same as that of the ramie, so as to keep the ventilation and the drainage of the field smooth.
2. And (5) performing field management such as fertilization, watering, harvesting and the like according to the growth characteristics of the ramie.
Specifically, harvesting: and in the first year, 3 times of harvesting the aerial stem leaves of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome, and in the second year, 8 times of harvesting the aerial stem leaves of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome. Harvesting root tuber of the wild buckwheat rhizome in the late autumn and early winter of the third year and replanting a new round of wild buckwheat rhizome in the next year.
Fertilizing: after the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested each time, 10 Kg/mu of urea is applied in time, and when the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested for the second time every year, 8 Kg/mu of urea is applied in an additional mode, and 20 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied at the same time.
Pesticide application: in high-temperature summer, the aphid killing medicine is sprayed to prevent and control the aphid diseases of ramie and wild buckwheat rhizome according to the situation.
And (3) winter culture: cultivating for more than 10cm in 12 months, applying organic fertilizer 200 kg/mu and compound fertilizer 20 kg/mu, and hilling.
3. And detecting the incidence of root rot nematodes, the rancidity rate of ramie, the usage amount of the aphid killing pesticide and the yields of the ramie and the wild buckwheat, thereby evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
The specific detection results are as follows:
incidence of root rot nematodes and the dosage of aphid-killing pesticide: in the ramie of the embodiment, the incidence rate of root rot nematode disease is 12.1% in 5 years (5 years), the rancidity rate is 6.8%, and the using amount of the aphid killing pesticide (40% dimethoate emulsion) is 10 ml/mu.
Yield of ramie and wild buckwheat: the weight gain of the root tuber of the wild buckwheat rhizome in 1 year is 10 times, and the weight gain rate in 2 to 3 years is 25.1 percent and 18.9 percent; in the 5 th year of interplanting, the fresh weight of ramie is 8950 kg/mu, and the fresh weight of wild buckwheat is 3475 kg/mu.
Compared with the ramie field (5 years) which is not planted with wild buckwheat, the ramie of the embodiment has the advantages that the incidence rate of root rot nematodes is reduced by 60%, the rancidity rate of ramie is reduced by 32.9%, and the dosage of field pesticides is reduced by 83.3%.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for reducing a ramie stump failure rate by performing an intercropping between ramie and cymose buckwheat rhizome, including:
1. when newly planting ramie, 300 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is applied. Planting ramie at a row spacing of 60cm and a plant spacing of 40cm, and planting wild buckwheat seeds at a position within the row spacing and 30cm away from a ramie stump, wherein the plant spacing is the same as that of the ramie, so as to ensure smooth drainage of a field ventilator.
2. And (5) performing field management such as fertilization, watering, harvesting and the like according to the growth characteristics of the ramie.
Specifically, harvesting: in the first year, 2 times of the stems and leaves of the above-ground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome are harvested, and 10 times of the above-ground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome are harvested every year from the second year; the root tuber of the wild buckwheat rhizome is harvested in the third year and a new round of wild buckwheat rhizome is replanted in the next year.
Fertilizing: after the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested each time, 15 Kg/mu of urea is applied in time, and when the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested for the third time, 25 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied under the condition of applying 15 Kg/mu of urea.
Pesticide application: in high-temperature summer, the aphid killing medicine is sprayed to prevent and control the aphid diseases of ramie and wild buckwheat rhizome according to the situation.
And (3) winter culture: the winter cultivation is carried out in 12 months, cultivation is carried out for more than 10cm, 300 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are applied, and then the soil is hilled.
3. And detecting the incidence of root rot nematodes, the rancidity rate of ramie, the usage amount of the aphid killing pesticide and the yields of the ramie and the wild buckwheat, thereby evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
The specific detection results are as follows:
incidence of root rot nematodes and the dosage of aphid-killing pesticide: in the embodiment, the ramie has the morbidity of root rot nematode disease of 9.8 percent, the rancidity rate of 6.3 percent and the using amount of the aphid killing pesticide of 20 ml/mu in 5 years (5 years).
Yield of ramie and wild buckwheat: the weight gain of the root tuber of the wild buckwheat rhizome in the 1 st year is 31 times, and the weight gain rate in the 2 nd to 3 rd years is 25.7 percent and 20 percent. In the 5 th year of interplanting, the fresh weight of ramie is 9100 kg/mu, and the fresh weight of wild buckwheat overground part is 3580 kg/mu.
Compared with the ramie field (5 years) which is not planted with wild buckwheat rhizome and is described in the comparative example 2, the ramie root rot nematode incidence rate is reduced by 60.3%, the ramie stump failure rate is reduced by 42.7%, and the field pesticide dosage is reduced by 66.7%.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for reducing a ramie stump failure rate by performing an intercropping between ramie and cymose buckwheat rhizome, including:
1. planting wild buckwheat seeds among ramie lines of old ramie fields of 10 years old in spring. Specifically, the line spacing of the ramie is 50cm, the plant spacing of the golden buckwheat is 40cm, the golden buckwheat is planted in the line spacing of the ramie and 25cm away from a root of the ramie, the plant spacing is the same as that of the ramie, and the ditch is cleared before planting so as to keep the smooth drainage of a field ventilator.
2. And (5) performing field management such as fertilization, watering, harvesting and the like according to the growth characteristics of the ramie.
Specifically, harvesting: in the first year after interplanting, 3 times of harvesting stems and leaves of the above-ground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome, and 6 times of harvesting the above-ground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome in the beginning of the second year; after that, only the overground stems and leaves of the ramie and the wild buckwheat rhizome are harvested, and wild buckwheat rhizome tubers are not harvested.
Fertilizing: and after the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested every time, 15 Kg/mu of urea is applied in time, and after the overground parts of the ramie and the wild buckwheat are harvested for the second time every year, 10 Kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied under the condition of applying 5 Kg/mu of urea.
Pesticide application: in high-temperature summer, the aphid killing medicine is sprayed to prevent and control the aphid diseases of ramie and wild buckwheat rhizome according to the situation.
And (3) winter culture: the winter cultivation is carried out in 12 months, 15cm of intertillage is needed, 250 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are applied, and then the soil is hilled.
3. And detecting the incidence of root rot nematodes, the rancidity rate of ramie, the usage amount of aphid killing pesticides and the yields of ramie and wild buckwheat in 3 rd year after interplanting, thereby evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
The specific detection results are as follows:
incidence of root rot nematodes and the dosage of aphid-killing pesticide: in the third year of interplanting wild buckwheat rhizome in ramie (namely, wild buckwheat rhizome at 13 ages), the incidence rate of root rot nematode disease is 35.9%, the rancidity rate is 17.9%, and the using amount of the aphid killing pesticide is 40 ml/mu.
Yield of ramie and wild buckwheat: the weight gain of the wild buckwheat rhizome in the root tuber of the wild buckwheat rhizome in the current year of planting is 40 times. In the 3 rd year of interplanting, the weight gain rate of wild buckwheat rhizome is 18.6%, the fresh yield of ramie is 7810 Kg/mu, and the fresh yield of wild buckwheat stem and leaf is 2695 Kg/mu.
Compared with the ramie field (age 13) which is not planted with wild buckwheat rhizome and is described in the comparative example 3, the ramie root rot nematode incidence rate is reduced by 54.8%, the ramie stump failure rate is reduced by 45.2%, and the field pesticide dosage is reduced by 50%.
Comparative example 1
The method for planting ramie according to example 1 is distinguished only in that the ramie is not intercropped with wild buckwheat rhizome, and the incidence of root rot nematodes, the rancidity rate of ramie and the use amount of aphid-killing pesticides of the ramie in the 5 th year (ramie at 5 ages) of planting are detected, and the specific detection results are as follows:
the incidence rate of root rot nematodes of ramie fields without planting wild buckwheat is 30.25%, the rancidity rate is 10.13%, the using amount of the aphicide is 60 ml/mu, and the annual fresh weight of ramie is 8640 Kg/mu.
Comparative example 2
The method for planting ramie according to the example 2 is different only in that the ramie is not intercropped with golden buckwheat rhizome, and the root rot nematode morbidity, the ramie stump failure rate and the aphid pesticide usage of the ramie are detected in the 5 th year (ramie at 5 ages) of planting, and the specific detection results are as follows:
the incidence rate of root rot nematodes of ramie fields without planting wild buckwheat is 24.7%, the rancidity rate is 11.0%, the using amount of the aphicide is 60 ml/mu, and the fresh weight of ramie per mu is 8251 kg/mu. .
Comparative example 3
The 13-year-old ramie was managed according to the method described in example 3, with the only difference that the ramie was not intercropped with fagopyrum cymosum, and the incidence of root rot nematodes, the rancidity rate of ramie and the amount of aphid-killing pesticides in the ramie (13-year-old ramie) were tested as follows:
the incidence rate of root rot nematodes of 13-age old ramie which is not planted with wild buckwheat is 79.5%, the rancidity rate of ramie is 32.7%, the usage amount of the aphicide is 80 ml/mu and 40% of dimethoate emulsion (diluted by 1500 times of liquid and sprayed), and the fresh yield of ramie is 5308 Kg/mu.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A method for controlling the staleness of ramie, comprising: the wild buckwheat is adopted as an intercropping crop and is intercropped with ramie, and the distance between the intercropping crop and the ramie stump of the ramie is 10-50 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the intercropping crop is 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, or 50cm from a stump of ramie.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ramie is new ramie or old ramie.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the neoramie is ramie of age less than 5.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the old ramie is ramie of more than 5 years old.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising field management comprising at least one or more of fertilizing ramie and the intercropped crop according to the growth characteristics of ramie, watering, pest control, and harvesting.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the harvesting comprises: in the first year of intercropping, 1-6 harvests are carried out on the ramie and the overground part of the intercropping crops; and harvesting the ramie and the overground part of the intercropped crops 3-10 times every year from the second year of intercropping.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising harvesting the root tubers of the intercropped crops for one year or more.
9. The method of claim 6, further comprising topdressing 8-15 Kg/acre of urea each time the overground parts of the ramie and the intercropped crops are harvested, and topdressing 10-25 Kg/acre of compound fertilizer is applied after 2-3 times per year of harvesting of the ramie and the intercropped crops.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein said field management further comprises spraying a drug depending on the occurrence of the pest.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the drug is an aphicide.
12. The method of claim 6, wherein the field management further comprises winter cultivation, the winter cultivation comprising: intertilling for more than 10-15 cm, applying 200-300 Kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 20-35 Kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
13. The method of claim 6, further comprising: before planting the ramie, applying organic fertilizer according to 200-300 kg/mu.
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| CN108040612A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-18 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of harvesting method of ramie |
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| CN105660095A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-15 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Mechanical winter culture method for ramie |
| CN108040612A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-18 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of harvesting method of ramie |
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