CN102396333B - Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes - Google Patents
Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for crops, in particular to a wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes. The planting method comprises the following seven steps of: performing land preparation, sowing, rolling after sowing, weeding by pesticides, subsoiling mechanically and performing side deep fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests and harvesting mechanically. In the planting method, the conventional 60-centimeter uniform ridge planting mode is changed into a flat planting mode of 80-centimeter row pitch and 20-centimeter row spacing, and ventilating and light-transmitting space of the crops is increased; the conventional shallow intertillage and shallow fertilization mode is changed into a mechanical deep scarification and deep topdressing mode, namely the conventional three-shovel three-time intertillage management and shallow fertilization operation is changed into one-time deep scarification and deep topdressing operation, so operation links are reduced, and the production cost is reduced; the conventional sowing mode is changed into a zero-tillage sowing mode, so the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced, and the capacity of drought resistance and soil moisture conservation is improved; the conventional mode that harvested low stubbles are crushed to return to a field into a mode that mechanically-harvested high stubbles are rotten naturally to return to the field; and before sowing, seeds are processed by using a plasma seed processing technology to improve the germination percentage of the seeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting method of crops, specifically the flat conservation tillage kind method for planting of doing of the loose row of a kind of corn.
Background technology
Along with the progress of society and the development of agricultural science and technology, bigger variation has also taken place in the peasant with planting, and traditional tillage method and method have not adapted to the requirement of the low input of modern agriculture, high production.
Traditional tillage method is to adopt 60 centimetres of even ridge culture tillage methods, and this kind tillage method adapts to the requirement of modern agricultural development far from, and there are many shortcoming and defect parts in it, is in particular in:
1, the even ridge culture mode of 60cm line-spacing, crop ventilation and penetrating light space is little, a little less than the ability, can not give full play to limit row advantage, in addition, traditional tillage method spring must be through just sowing behind the whole ground, cause a large amount of soil moisture evaporations during whole ground, reduced the drought-relief ability.
2, because 60cm ridge culture surface area increases, the soil water evaporation aggravation reduces soil moisture content.In addition, owing to all need whole ground, ridging annual spring before the sowing, frequent farming is unfavorable for existence and the breeding of soil beneficial organism.The conventional tillage mode is applied fertilizer and is adopted the shallow fertilising of shallow intertillage, carries out three times intertillage management of three shovels, and cargo handling operation is many, and manually increasing of input is time-consuming, the production cost height.
Low toothing when 3,60cm conventional tillage mode requires to gather in the crops (being about to the low toothing of traditional artificial results 5cm-8cm), chopping and returning has so just increased cargo handling operation then, has improved the cost of operation.
4, the even ridge culture of 60cm is except whole extraterrestrial, and other link operation can only be used small-sized machine, and its operation quality is poor, efficient is low, easily form tillage pan, be unfavorable for crop root growth and soil water storage, the development trend of incompatible current big-power tractor quantity surge and agricultural mechanization.
5, the even ridge culture of 60cm is because row spacing is narrow, and big-power tractor can't be implemented the fertile operation of dark loose deep placement, herbicide spraying operation.
6, the even ridge culture of 60cm line-spacing can't realize that high-stubble covers nature and rots to go back the field, and the 80cm line-spacing evenly flat work can realize this technology, maize root system stays a large amount of ducts after rotting, and the time is longer, the duct the more, played the effect that root system loosens the soil and soil gas exchanges, behind the stubble in field, soil organic matter has been increased, and earthworm can constantly be excavated topsoil formation duct chesson, has created good topsoil.In addition, spring, wind was big, because the root stubble stops that can to make the earth surface wind prompt drop low, the flat work significantly reduces and do not have unevenly than the ridge culture surface area, reduced the generation of wind erosion, water erosion phenomenon effectively.
7, the even ridge culture of 60cm line-spacing also can't be implemented the fertile operation of dark loose deep placement in the ranks in summer at present.Reason: it is obviously not enough that the tractor below 35 kilowatts is implemented dark loosening power, wideer greater than 35 kilowatts tractor rear drive tire, can't advance the ground operation.In addition, if when the dark loose degree of depth is 25cm, the corresponding loosening width of table soil is 55cm, and the 60cm line-spacing end seedling phenomenon of justing think is inevitable.Therefore infeasible, dark pine is one of conservation tillage key technology content, and is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide the loose row of a kind of corn the flat conservation tillage kind method for planting of doing, this kind method for planting changes the even ridge culture of traditional 60cm into 80cm line-spacing, the flat farming pattern of doing of 20cm spacing in the rows, increases crop ventilation and penetrating light space; Change traditional shallow fertilising of shallow intertillage and be the dark loose deep-topdressing of machinery, be about to three times intertillage management of three traditional shovels and shallow fertilising and be once dark loose deep-topdressing operation, reduce cargo handling operation, reduce production costs; Change the tradition sowing and be no-tillage seeding, reduce the soil moisture evaporation, improve the drought-relief ability; Changing the low toothing chopping and returning of tradition results is the rotten naturally also field of mechanical harvest high-stubble; Use the plasma seed processing technology to handle seed before the sowing, improve percentage of seedgermination.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and this kind method for planting may further comprise the steps:
1., whole ground: 1 year whole ground because preceding crop is the even ridge culture of 60cm, need carry out stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage is leveled land.Carry out tillage operation with the comprehensive soil preparation machine of the supporting SGTB-190 type of the large sized tractor more than 60 kilowatts (the ridging parts are pulled down), rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-16cm, root stubble length≤10cm, when treating behind the whole ground that topsoil has dry ground layer about 1cm, use large sized tractor more than 60 kilowatts to wear flat, three operations of suppression of harrowing, level land with this kind of tool of 41 round disk rakes of PY-3.4 type, wooden leveller, 3YV-1.4V type packer, make table soil smooth, in small, broken bits, satisfy the sowing conditional request.Plantation later in 1 year need not whole ground, directly carries out no-tillage seeding.
2., sowing: sow preceding 5 days and will anticipate corn seed in-12 days, the DL-2 plasma seed processing machine that method is to use Dalian BoShi plasma Co., Ltd to produce is handled corn seed, handle 1.0 grades of intensity, 0.45 second processing time, number of processes 2 times, can improve germination rate 1%-5%.
Use the supporting Wafangdian product 2BQ-6 type pneumatic seeder of large sized tractor (line-spacing is adjusted to 80cm) more than 60 kilowatts to carry out seeding operation during sowing in 1 year, seed level 3.5cm-4.5cm, many rate≤5%, hole rate≤3%, handing-over ridge error≤3cm, 4cm-6cm under the fertilization depth kind, plant side 4cm-6cm, 450 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount, spacing in the rows 20cm, gait of march 5.5 kms/hour-6.5 kms/hour.The 2BMF-3 type no-tillage seeding machine that later sowing in 1 year uses the supporting our station of medium-sized tractor (Lishu County, Jilin Province agricultural [technology master station) more than 22 kilowatts to develop voluntarily, sow specification requirement same the previous year at the two row center lines that last 1 year high-stubble covers.
3., suppression after planting: suppress when the above dry ground layer of 1cm appears in soil after planting showing, suppression in 1 year, use 13 kilowatts-18 kilowatts the supporting 3YV-1.4V type of medium-sized tractor packer to suppress comprehensively, gait of march control 6 kms/hours-6.5 kilowatts/hour to guarantee suppression intensity.
Later suppression in 1 year, rot to go back the field technology owing to adopted the previous year the results high-stubble to cover nature, gather in the crops the back in May, second end from autumn, during this period of time, because temperature is low, humidity is little, the root stubble of high-stubble is can not rot naturally, have only from the beginning of June to begin to end of August during this, temperature height, high humidity, could be at natural degradation under the action of microorganisms, the also field of rotting.Can increase by 0.028 percentage point of the soil organic matter every year on average.Popular says, is exactly later plantation in 1 year, and there is the existence of stubble on the face of land, and (keep stubble, do not handle) can not use the packer suppression of adopting in 1 year, and the 1YZ-1.2 seedling band packer suppression that the heart must use our station to develop voluntarily.Supporting power, gait of march were with 1 year.
4., medicament weeding: the 3860 type fog machines that use the U.S. promise of the supporting middle machine of large sized tractor more than 60 kilowatts to produce carry out the weeding operation.
Select the weed killer herbicide of highly-effective low-residue for use, general A Yi mixture with Jiization production.Spray date is carried out before broadcasting the back seedling; Liquor strength, Acetochlor 4000 grams/hectare, atrazine 6000 grams/hectare.About 6 kilometers/hour of gait of march, can not operation when noticing that wind-force is greater than 3 grades, nozzle gets final product for 40 centimetres apart from ground level, note face of land spray medicine critical localisation, prevent from respraying or leaking spray, when the soil moisture content difference, will strengthen water consumption, reach behind the spray medicine and eliminate weeds 90%, every square metre of weeds are not more than 1.5 strains, otherwise can adopt the mode of artificial auxiliary weeding to carry out weeding, must assurance control weed growth effectively.
5., the dark loose side deep fertilizing of machinery: generally be at corn growth to 90cm-130cm, or corn 9-12 sheet leaf period, carry out dark pine in the ranks in summer before arriving rainy season.Use more than 60 kilowatts supporting 3ZF-240 (LD) the type subsoiler by the middle machine north and our station joint research and development of large sized tractor to carry out the operation of applying fertilizer of dark pine.Dark loose degree of depth 35cm-40cm is as the criterion to break tillage pan, and side deep fertilizing in dark pine, fertilization depth are between 15cm-18cm, and fertilizer placement is at seedling band both sides 18cm-20cm, 450 kilograms/hectare-500 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount.
6., worm, sick control: the control to mythimna separata, dark worm, aphid will prevent and treat in advance according to the season of taking place, and selected relative medicine as the case may be.Biology or physical methods such as high-pressure sodium lamp, oophagous trichogrammae, gyplure are preferably adopted in place with good conditionsi.Machinery spray medicine uses the little four-wheel in crack, highland of the transformation of the way to carry out operation.
7., mechanical harvest: use Shandong peaceful online tool equipment Co., Ltd to carry out the harvest corn operation for what the supporting special-purpose reaping machine that can gather in the crops the 80cm line-spacing of this cropping pattern or Hebei Ji Xin machinery plant produced for the supporting reaping machine of this cropping pattern, stubble height 30cm-40cm, also the field amount can reach 3 tons/hectare-3.5 tons/hectare.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1, the flat enforcement of making conservation tillage kind method for planting of the loose row of corn of the present invention has changed in the past traditional tillage method, can obtain remarkable result after 3 years.Facts have proved, compare with the conventional tillage method, the one, reduce rainwash, significantly reduce moisture content and run off and soil erosion.The 2nd, reduce the strong wind sand, suppress sandstorm, protected ecotope.The 3rd, stopped crop straw burning, reduced atmospheric pollution, the 4th, increase the soil moisture storage capacity, improve the moisture content availability.The 5th, improve retention capacity of soil, reduce the soil moisture content deficiency that evaporation causes.The 6th, increase soil fertility, improve the content of soil organic matter content and quick-acting nitrogen, available potassium, reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer, be conducive to agricultural sustainable development, have good ecological benefits.
2, obvious social benefit of the present invention, the first, reduce chemical fertilizer and use, be conducive to produce the green non-pollution agricultural product.The second, reduce cargo handling operation, significantly reduce locomotive and advance the ground number of times, reduce fuel consumption, energy savings.The 3rd, strengthen soil water storage, soil moisture conservation, improve efficiency of water application, the conserve water resource.The 4th, improve soil organic matter content, culture fertility is realized soil breeding combination, is conducive to agricultural sustainable development.The 5th, realized entire mechanization production, liberated a large amount of rural laborers, be engaged in other industries and create the huge social benefit.
3, improved corn mechanized cultivation degree; be conducive to promote the large-scale development of corn planting industry; improve technology content, corn yield and the quality of maize culture; the corn maturity of producing is good, full seed, moisture are low; not only easily sell, and the price height, peasant's working condition improved simultaneously; alleviate labour intensity, also improved the availability of rural laborer's resource simultaneously.
4, strengthened the ability that agricultural is robbed farming season, withstood natural calamities.
5, the inventive method extensively adopts fertilizer deep placement, returns crop stocks to the field and measure such as efficient plant protection, thereby reduced the injected volume of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, thereby reduced environmental pollution, and improved the ecotope of agricultural production development, be conducive to produce the green non-pollution agricultural product.
6, rot naturally to go back the field by the root stubble, the soil fertility of having fostered and apply fertilizer has realized soil breeding combination, for agricultural sustainable development has been established strong basis.
7, economize on resources, reduce the locomotive shunting number of times, can significantly reduce the consumption of agricultural fuel oil, namely saved the energy, reduced the pollution of discharging again.
8, grain-production realizes the entire mechanization operation, can separate the rural laborer of amplification quantity, is engaged in other industries, for society creates enormous benefits.
9, the present invention has adopted " plasma treatment seed technology ", has activated the organized enzyme in the seed body, has improved germination vigor and the germination rate of seed, has strengthened the disease-resistant anti-disaster ability of seed, can cultivate strong sprout, promotes crop yield.
10, the present invention changes the even ridge culture of traditional 60cm into 80cm line-spacing, the even flat operation mode of 20cm spacing in the rows, has strengthened line-spacing, and the hectare strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is constant.Strengthen crop ventilation and penetrating light ability greatly, promoted the crop photosynthesis effect, given full play to edge effect, improved corn yield and quality.
11, windproof, solid soil reduces soil wind erosion, water erosion, reduces soil moisture evaporation, runoff.The present invention adopts results high-stubble and dark loose technology, effectively reduces wind speed, suppresses strong wind, sand; Add deep plough level behind the dark pine, store rainwater to greatest extent, improve the moisture content availability, reduce water evaporates and runoff.
12, the humus content of the soil increases, culture fertility.The present invention adopts the results high-stubble, and stubble height 30cm-40cm meets the requirement of state guarantee farming crop-residue incorporation.The root stubble is by the erosion of summer rainwater and the rotten naturally also field of raising of temperature.Therefore, the humus content of the soil meeting cumulative year after year after the project implementation, the bulk density of soil reduces gradually, and rapid available phosphorus, available potassium increase culture fertility.Thereby reach effective combination of soil breeding, form benign cycle.
13, break tillage pan, add deep plough level, strengthen soil water storage, soil moisture conservation, improve plant drought resisting, resistant to lodging, premature senescence resistance ability.The present invention has adopted " the dark loose deep-topdressing technology of machinery ", and the dark loose degree of depth can reach more than the 35cm, breaks tillage pan, adds deep plough level, thereby has strengthened soil water storage, soil moisture conservation; Topsoil is deepened, and the bundle ability strengthens under the plant root, promotes that root system develops in depth, form huge root system group, fully absorb moisture and nutrient in the deep soil, thereby improved the drought resisting of plant, resistant to lodging, premature senescence resistance ability, make crop stalk maturation alive, full seed, increasing both production and income.
14, save breeding, reduce chemical fertilizer and drop into.The present invention sows link and adopts " mechanization sowing seeds technology ", and every mu can be saved 1 kilogram of kind, amount to 20 yuan of RMB.Because crop-residue incorporation increases, soil organic matter content increases and fertilizer deep placement improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, can make every mu to save 5 kilograms of chemical fertilizer, amounts to 10 yuan of RMB.
15, increasing both production and income.The present invention can make corn yield on average improve 11% by a series of agricultural machinery The application of new technique, and corn quality improves grade half, really realizes agricultural produce, increasing peasant income.
16, be conducive to agricultural sustainable development.Enforcement of the present invention effectively improves soil physical and chemical property, strengthens soil water storage, soil moisture conservation, and soil humus increases year by year, and culture fertility has been realized soil breeding combination, input, output benign cycle; Reduce soil wind erosion, water erosion, reduce floating dust and sand phenomenon and generation, preserve the ecological environment, promote agricultural sustainable development.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is process route flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2, the 3rd, cropping pattern schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
At 1 year of the technology of the present invention test, demonstration, implement 30,000 mu of areas then, implement Lishu County, Jilin Province, place, 1.0 ten thousand mu of the small city central Bu Cun in town; 0.9 ten thousand mu in Nan Gangzi village, Kingsoft township; Add before the town of lama pasture 0.4 ten thousand mu in village; Wan Fa town head wins 0.7 ten thousand mu in village.
Whole ground: 10 days-April 25 April 2008 activity duration.1 year whole ground because preceding crop is the even ridge culture of 60cm, need carry out stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage is leveled land.Carry out tillage operation with the Deere comprehensive soil preparation machine of 8241 tractor SGTB-190 types (the ridging parts are pulled down), execute tilling depth degree 15cm, when treating behind the whole ground of root stubble length≤10cm. that topsoil has dry ground layer about 1cm, use Deere 8241 tractors to wear flat, three operations of suppression of harrowing, level land with this kind of tool of 41 round disk rakes of PY-3.4 type, wooden leveller, 3YV-1.4V type packer, make table soil smooth, in small, broken bits, satisfy the sowing conditional request.
2. sowing: activity duration 4.28-5.8 day.Sow preceding 5 days and will anticipate corn seed in-12 days, the DL-2 plasma seed processing machine that method is to use Dalian BoShi plasma Co., Ltd to produce is handled corn seed, handle 1.0 grades of intensity, 0.45 second processing time, number of processes 2 times, can improve germination rate 1%-5%.
As shown in Figure 2, use tractor Wafangdian to produce 2BQ-6 type pneumatic seeder (line-spacing is adjusted to 80cm) during sowing in 1 year and carry out seeding operation, seed level 3.5cm-4.5cm, many rate≤5%, hole rate≤3%, handing-over ridge error≤3cm, 4cm-6cm under the fertilization depth kind, plant side 4cm-6cm, 450 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount, spacing in the rows 20cm, gait of march 5.5 kms/hour-6.5 kms/hour.
3. suppression after planting: suppress when the above dry ground layer of 1cm appears in soil after planting showing, suppression in 1 year, use 13 kilowatts-18 kilowatts the supporting 3YV-1.4V type of medium-sized tractor packer to suppress comprehensively, gait of march control 6 kms/hour-6.5 kms/hour.To guarantee suppression intensity.
4. medicament weeding: use the 3860 type fog machines that the U.S. promise of machine is produced in the Deere 8241 type tractors to carry out the weeding operation.
Select the weed killer herbicide of highly-effective low-residue for use, general A Yi mixture with the Jiization product.
Spray date, carry out before the seedling back, liquor strength broadcasting, Acetochlor 4000 grams/hectare, atrazine 6000 grams/hectare.About 6 kilometers/hour of gait of march, can not operation when noticing that wind-force is greater than 3 grades, nozzle gets final product for 40 centimetres apart from ground level, note face of land spray medicine critical localisation, prevent from respraying or leaking spray, when the soil moisture content difference, will strengthen water consumption, reach behind the spray medicine and eliminate weeds 90%, every square metre of weeds are not more than 1.5 strains, otherwise can adopt the mode of artificial auxiliary weeding to carry out weeding, must assurance control weed growth effectively.
5. mechanical dark loose side deep fertilizing: the activity duration be at corn growth to 90cm-130cm, or corn 9-12 sheet leaf period, carry out dark pine in the ranks in summer before arriving rainy season.Use Deere 904 type tractors to carry out dark pine fertilising operation by 3ZF-240 (LD) the type subsoiler of the middle machine north and our station joint research and development, dark loose degree of depth 35cm-40cm, be as the criterion to break tillage pan, side deep fertilizing in dark pine, fertilization depth is between 15cm-18cm, fertilizer placement is at seedling band both sides 18cm-20cm, 450 kilograms/hectare-500 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount.
6. worm, sick control: the control to mythimna separata, dark worm, aphid will prevent and treat in advance according to the season of taking place, and selected relative medicine as the case may be.Biology or physical methods such as high-pressure sodium lamp, oophagous trichogrammae, gyplure are preferably adopted in place with good conditionsi.Machinery spray medicine uses the little four-wheel in crack, highland of the transformation of the way to carry out operation.
7. mechanical harvest: use Shandong peaceful online tool equipment Co., Ltd to carry out the harvest corn operation for what the supporting special-purpose reaping machine that can gather in the crops the 80cm line-spacing of this cropping pattern or Hebei Ji Xin machinery plant produced for the supporting reaping machine of this cropping pattern, stubble height 30cm-40cm, also the field amount can reach 3 tons/hectare-3.5 tons/hectare.
Produce demonstration by inviting agricultural experts to gather in the crops before measurement, 11670 kilograms of model field hectare output, than 902 kilograms of the new unitss increased in production of the first three years hectare, amount of increase in production 8.38%, 1,704 ten thousand kilograms of newly-increased gross outputs, 2044.8 ten thousand yuan of newly-increased total grain output incomes; 41 yuan of mu cost-saving synergistics, 8.2 ten thousand yuan of newly-increased cost-saving synergistic total benefits.
Embodiment 2
2009 is 1 year that the present invention tests, demonstrates, implements 50,000 mu of areas then, newly-increased 20,000 mu.Implement the place: 1.2 ten thousand mu of the small city central Bu Cun in town; 1.0 ten thousand mu in Nan Gangzi village, Kingsoft township; Add before the town of lama pasture 0.5 ten thousand mu in village; Wan Fa town head wins 0.8 ten thousand mu in village; 0.7 ten thousand mu in township Jiang machine room village, mountain range, spring; 0.8 ten thousand mu in three trees village, four trees township, newly-increased two small towns.
Whole ground: later plantation in 1 year need not whole ground, directly carries out no-tillage seeding.
Sowing: 28 days-May 8 April sowing time, as shown in Figure 3, the 2BMF-3 type no-tillage seeding machine two row center lines that high-stubble covers in the previous year that later sowing in 1 year uses the wild 484 tractor our stations of running quickly to develop are voluntarily sowed, specification requirement same the previous year.
Broadcast back suppression: broadcasting the 1YZ-1.2 type seedling band packer suppression of using the wild 484 tractor our stations of running quickly to develop voluntarily when the above soil layer of 1cm appears in table ground, back, specification requirement same the previous year.
Medicament weeding: use that the U.S. promise 3860 type fog machines of machine carry out the weeding operation in Deere 8041 tractors, specification requirement same the previous year.
The dark loose side deep fertilizing of machinery: corn growth begins the fertile operation of dark loose deep placement when high to 90cm, uses Deere 904 tractors to carry out the dark loose operation of applying fertilizer by 3ZF-240 (LD) the type subsoiler of the middle machine north and our station joint research and development, specification requirement same the previous year.
Parasitosis control: same the previous year
Mechanical harvest: same the previous year
Produce demonstration by inviting agricultural experts to gather in the crops before measurement, 12030 kilograms of model field hectare output, than 985 kilograms of the new unitss increased in production of the first three years hectare, amount of increase in production 8.92%, 328.33 ten thousand kilograms of newly-increased gross outputs, 3,940,000 yuan of newly-increased total grain output incomes.Implement directly no-tillage seeding of whole ground of 1 year spring of this technology, therefore, can save spring wholely and two expenses of suppression behind the whole ground.
Be example with the large-scale synthesis tillage operation, whole ground expense is minimum to be 450 yuan/hectare, behind the whole ground suppression minimum be 120 yuan/hectare, but two add up to 570 yuan/hectare of cost savings.
The dark loose deep placement fertilizer of big machinery can improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, therefore, can reduce the fertilizing amount in mid-term.According to the test contrast, fertilizer deep placement can be saved 100 kilograms/hectare than shallow executing, and by 1.8 yuan of/kilogram calculating of market price, then can cut down expenses 180 yuan.Above-mentioned two accumulative total per hectares are saved 750 yuan of expenditures.2,500,000 yuan of newly-increased cost-saving synergistic total benefits.
Claims (1)
1. the loose row of corn is put down and is made conservation tillage kind method for planting, and it is characterized in that: this kind method for planting may further comprise the steps:
1., wholely: 1 year whole ground, because preceding crop is the even ridge culture of 60cm, need carry out stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage is leveled land, rotary tillage degree of depth 14cm-16cm, root stubble length≤10cm, treat flat, three operations of suppression of harrowing, level land with this kind of tool when topsoil has dry ground layer about 1cm behind the whole ground, make table soil smooth, in small, broken bits, satisfy the sowing conditional request; Plantation later in 1 year need not whole ground, directly carries out no-tillage seeding;
2., sowing: sow preceding 5 days and will anticipate corn seed in-12 days, the DL-2 plasma seed processing machine that method is to use Dalian BoShi plasma Co., Ltd to produce is handled corn seed, handle 1.0 grades of intensity, 0.45 second processing time, number of processes 2 times, can improve germination rate 1%-5%;
Use the sower line-spacing to adjust to 80cm during sowing in 1 year and carry out seeding operation, seed level 3.5cm-4.5cm, many rate≤5%, hole rate≤3%, handing-over ridge error≤3cm, 4cm-6cm under the fertilization depth kind, plant side 4cm-6cm, 450 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount, spacing in the rows 20cm, gait of march 5.5 kms/hour-6.5 kms/hour;
Later sowing in 1 year is sowed at the two row center lines that last 1 year high-stubble covers, specification requirement same the previous year;
3., suppression after planting: suppress when the above dry ground layer of 1cm appears in soil after planting showing, suppression in 1 year adopts the V-type packer to suppress comprehensively, and gait of march control is at 6 kms/hour-6.5 kms/hour to guarantee suppression intensity; The suppression of seedling band packer is adopted in later suppression in 1 year, and supporting power, gait of march were with 1 year;
4., medicament weeding: select Acetochlor and the atrazine weed killer herbicide of highly-effective low-residue for use, spray date is carried out before broadcasting the back seedling; Liquor strength, Acetochlor 4000 grams/hectare, atrazine 6000 grams/hectare, about 6 kilometers/hour of gait of march, can not operation when noticing that wind-force is greater than 3 grades, nozzle get final product for 40 centimetres apart from ground level, notices that the face of land sprays the medicine critical localisation, prevent from respraying or leaking spray, will strengthen water consumption when the soil moisture content difference, reach behind the spray medicine and eliminate weeds 90%, every square metre of weeds are not more than 1.5 strains, otherwise adopt the mode of artificial auxiliary weeding to carry out weeding, must assurance control weed growth effectively;
5., the dark loose side deep fertilizing of machinery: arrive 90cm-130cm at corn growth, or 9-12 leaves of corn period, it is dark loose in the ranks that summer is carried out in the arrival in rainy season before, when carrying out pine fertilising operation deeply, dark loose degree of depth 35cm-40cm is as the criterion to break tillage pan, side deep fertilizing in dark pine, fertilization depth is between 15cm-18cm, and fertilizer placement is at seedling band both sides 18cm-20cm, 450 kilograms/hectare-500 kilograms/hectare of fertilizing amount;
6., worm, sick control: the control to mythimna separata, dark worm, aphid will prevent and treat in advance according to the season of taking place, and select relative medicine as the case may be, biology or physical method are adopted according to condition in place with good conditionsi, described biology or physical method are: high-pressure sodium lamp, oophagous trichogrammae or gyplure, and machinery spray medicine uses the little four-wheel in crack, highland of the transformation of the way to carry out operation;
7., mechanical harvest: the special-purpose reaping machine that use can be gathered in the crops the 80cm line-spacing carries out the harvest corn operation, and stubble height 30cm-40cm goes back the field amount and can reach 3 tons/hectare-3.5 tons/hectare.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102920908A CN102396333B (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2010-09-15 | Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102920908A CN102396333B (en) | 2010-09-15 | 2010-09-15 | Wide-row flat planting protective tillage planting method for maizes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102396333A CN102396333A (en) | 2012-04-04 |
| CN102396333B true CN102396333B (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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| CN104380875A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-03-04 | 胡志佳 | Method for cold resistance treatment on corn seed to eliminate rogue |
| CN104737755B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-09-19 | 贵州省山地农业机械研究所 | A kind of corn planting machineryization conservation tillage method of suitable sticky hardened soil |
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| CN109197436B (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-03-12 | 云南农业大学 | Planting management method for controlling weeds in corn-potato intercropping system |
| CN110214650A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-10 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of sustainable covering with ground sheeting spring maize |
| CN110463534B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-03-15 | 张掖市博丰农业科技有限责任公司 | Environment-friendly cost-saving and efficiency-increasing cultivation method for corn |
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