CN103238442A - Method for culturing vegetative shoot of rosa hybrida - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses, which includes the cultivation of rose cutting seedlings, the growth and pruning of primary branches, the germination of secondary branches at the pruned parts of primary branches, the growth and pruning of secondary branches, and the growth and pruning of secondary branches. After maturity, twist the first-level branches 3 to 4 cm away from the base to destroy the inside of the branches without damaging the cortex or breaking the branches, so that the sprained parts of the branches will naturally bend and hang down due to no support. Carry out chemical prevention, make the plant grow until new shoots germinate at the base of the first-level branches, and obtain vegetative branches. The invention makes full use of the germination characteristics of rose branches, shortens the germination time of flower branches, avoids the problems of difficult pest management and high cost caused by repeated pressing of branches and overlapping branches, and provides a steady stream of photosynthetic capacity for the growth of flower branches. It is beneficial to improve the quality and yield of cut flowers.

Description

Method for Efficiently Cultivating Vegetative Branches of Cut Rose

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses at seedling stage, and belongs to the technical field of standardized planting of plants.

Background technique

Rose ( Rosa hybrida ) is a woody plant belonging to the family Rosaceae and is the largest cut flower in the world. The production of fresh-cut roses has gradually evolved from the initial open-field cultivation to intensive and efficient production in facilities. On the basis of ensuring product quality, high yield is the most important goal pursued by producers all over the world.

Broken branch cultivation is the most ideal cultivation mode obtained through many years of exploration and summary of cut flower production technology in various countries in the world, and it has played an important role in improving the yield and quality of cut flower rose. According to the functions and uses of the branches of cut rose plants, they are divided into cut flower branches and vegetative branches. After the branches of the seedlings are broken, the foot buds from the base of the plant are called first-level branches, the branches on the first-level branches are called second-level branches, and the branches on the second-level branches are called third-level branches. In the production process of cut flower roses, the usual broken branches are to cultivate flowering branches, vegetative branches and control the flowering period. During the branch breaking process, the thinner branches except flowering branches are cultivated as vegetative branches.

The vegetative branch of cut flower rose refers to the branch formed by layering during the production process of cut flower, which is inclined to the side of the plant and only performs photosynthesis to provide nutrients for the plant. The state of vegetative branches of cut roses directly affects the growth, yield and product quality of plants. Healthy and reasonable vegetative branches play a decisive role in realizing the income generation of cut roses.

At present, the more common method of cultivating vegetative branches is to press a single branch to become a vegetative branch. The newly germinated first-level branches of the cutting seedlings grow to 40-50 cm. As a vegetative branch; the thicker branches that germinate from the base are used as flowering branches, and the thinner ones that continue to press are used as vegetative branches. When operating, hold the part of the branch that needs to be folded with one hand, and twist it downward with the other hand, pressing the branch under the branch rope. For thick branches, twist the branch at a distance of 10 cm from the root and then press it down. , Pay attention to the operation with both hands when twisting to avoid breaking the branches. This method of cultivating vegetative branches requires pressing ropes (iron wire or nylon thread) at a distance of 25 to 30 cm from the seedlings, and tightening and fixing them with iron stakes or wooden stakes on both sides of the planting bed. Under the pressure branch rope. This kind of vegetative branch culture method has the following problems: ①The plant growth is relatively slow, the first-order branch of cutting seedlings grows slowly, and the sprouting speed is slow after pressing the branches, and most of the single vegetative branches are thin and weak, which can supply the photosynthetic efficiency of a large number of flower branches in the later stage. Can not meet the needs of plants; ② Repeated pressing of vegetative branches, many mechanical wounds, untreated base leaves, etc. lead to heavy production management workload, high cost of pest control, and will form a vicious cycle of input and output, and production efficiency will intensify The lower the lower, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of efficient production; ③ need to press the branch rope, which brings great difficulty to the spraying of chemicals in the later process of pest control, especially in the process of the most important pest of the rose, the cost of prevention and control Too high and incomplete.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the problems of slow plant growth, difficulty in high yield, and poor control of diseases and insect pests, the present invention utilizes the growth characteristics of cut rose varieties and the requirements for efficient cultivation and management, and provides a method for cultivating vegetative shoots at the seedling stage for efficient production of cut roses. It plays an important role in reducing production management costs and improving the quality and yield of cut roses, especially providing technical support for the standardized and efficient production of cut roses.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses, which is characterized in that the following steps are performed:

(1) Cultivate rose seedlings with well-developed root system, intact mother leaves of cuttings, and twigs 2 to 4 cm long, during which water management is carried out as usual to keep the soil moist until the twigs of rose seedlings grow to 10-4 cm long. 15 cm, and the upper leaves of the shoots are unfolded to become first-class branches;

(2) Cut off and discard the 5 leaflets at the upper end of the first-level branch in step (1), and let the plant continue to grow until new shoots germinate from the pruned part to become a second-level branch;

(3) When the secondary branch in step (2) grows to 30-45 cm and flower buds appear, cut off and discard the 3 leaflets from the upper end of the secondary branch together with the flower bud, and let the secondary branch continue to grow;

(4) When the secondary branches of step (3) grow to full maturity according to the routine, remove all the leaves of the primary branches within 8-10 cm from the base, and remove all the leaves of the primary branches 3-4 cm from the base. The part is twisted to damage the inside of the branch, but the cortex is not damaged, and the branch is not broken, so that the sprained part of the branch will naturally bend and hang down due to no support;

(5) Carry out comprehensive chemical prevention on the sprained part of the drooping branch in step (4), and as the plant grows, when new shoots germinate at the base of the first-level branch, the vegetative branch is obtained.

During the routine water management in the step (1), use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 50-70% for shading in high-temperature seasons to prevent necrosis of buds.

The complete maturity of the secondary branches in the step (4) refers to: after the secondary branches are topped, the branches and leaves are cultivated until the branches are firm, the leaves are thick and dark green, and blind buds are formed at the 3 leaflets at the tip of the branches.

When twisting the branches in the step (4), it is necessary to wash hands regularly to prevent alternate infection of germs.

In the step (5), the comprehensive chemical prevention of the sprained parts of the drooping branches refers to: diluting the chlorothalonil wettable powder to a solution of 1500-8000 times, spraying the sprained parts, or combining conventional greenhouse disease prevention Sterilize the agent on the sprain site.

The present invention has following advantage and effect:

(1) The present invention makes full use of the germination characteristics of rose branches. The primary pruning promotes the germination of new branches from the 5 leaflets of the first-level branch, and the second pruning suppresses the germination of flower branches from the 3 leaflets of the second-level branches, shortening the germination time of flower-producing branches. Accelerate into the product production period;

(2) The present invention cultivates the vegetative branch of a single cut flower plant at one time, and does not need the vegetative branch to press the rope. The leaves of the plant are removed at the base of 6-10 cm, and the branch gradually thickens after pressing, which ensures the efficient supply of nutrients. It avoids the problems of difficult pest management and high production cost caused by repeated pressing and overlapping of branches;

(3) The conventional cultivation mode directly selects thin and weak branches as the vegetative branches. The vegetative branches in the seedling stage vegetative branch cultivation method of the present invention are composed of secondary branches, and the primary branches are relatively strong after the secondary branches grow mature. The efficient supply of nutrients is guaranteed. Although it takes a lot of time in the early stage of vegetative branch cultivation, the vegetative branches will provide a steady stream of photosynthetic capacity for the growth of flower branches, which will significantly promote the quality and yield of cut flowers in the later stage.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

Example 1

(1) Cultivate rose seedlings with well-developed root system, intact mother leaves of cuttings, and 2 cm long twigs as usual, during which water management is carried out as usual to keep the soil moist, and shading with a shading rate of 50% is used in high temperature seasons Shade with a net to prevent necrosis of shoots until the shoots of rose seedlings grow to 10 cm, and the upper leaves of the shoots unfold to become first-class branches;

(2) Cut off and discard the 5 leaflets at the upper end of the first-level branch in step (1), and let the plant continue to grow until new shoots germinate from the pruned part to become a second-level branch;

(3) When the secondary branch of step (2) grows to 30 cm and flower buds appear, cut off and discard the 3 leaflets from the upper end of the secondary branch together with the flower buds, so as to inhibit the production of flower branches and reduce soil nutrients consumption, and then let the secondary branches continue to grow;

(4) When the secondary branches of step (3) grow as usual until the branches are firm, the leaves are thick and dark green, and blind buds are formed on the 3 leaflets at the tip of the branches, the primary branches within 8 cm from the base Remove all the leaves, and twist the first-level branch 3 cm away from the base to destroy the inside of the branch, but not to damage the cortex or break the branch, so that the sprained part of the branch will naturally bend and hang down due to no support. , you need to wash your hands regularly to prevent alternate infection of germs;

(5) For the sprained part of the drooping branch in step (4), dilute it with chlorothalonil wettable powder to a solution of 1500 times, spray the sprained part for comprehensive chemical prevention, and with the growth of the plant, Vegetative branches are obtained when new shoots germinate at the base of the primary branch.

Example 2

(1) Cultivate rose seedlings with well-developed root system, intact mother leaves of cuttings, and 4 cm long twigs as usual, during which water management is carried out as usual to keep the soil moist, and shading with a shading rate of 70% is used in high temperature seasons. Shade with a net to prevent necrosis of the shoots until the tender shoots of rose seedlings grow to 15 cm, and the upper leaves of the tender shoots unfold to become first-class branches;

(2) Cut off and discard the 5 leaflets at the upper end of the first-level branch in step (1), and let the plant continue to grow until new shoots germinate from the pruned part to become a second-level branch;

(3) When the secondary branch of step (2) grows to 45 cm and flower buds appear, cut off and discard the 3 leaflets from the upper end of the secondary branch together with the flower buds to prevent it from producing flower branches and reduce soil nutrients consumption, and then let the secondary branches continue to grow;

(4) When the secondary branches of step (3) grow as usual until the branches are hard, the leaves are thick and dark green, and blind buds are formed at the 3 leaflets at the tip of the branches, the primary branches within 10 cm from the base Remove all the leaves, and twist the first-level branch 4 cm away from the base to destroy the inside of the branch, but not damage the cortex, and not break the branch, so that the sprained part of the branch will naturally bend and hang down due to no support. , you need to wash your hands regularly to prevent alternate infection of germs;

(5) For the sprained part of the drooping branch in step (4), dilute it with chlorothalonil wettable powder to a solution of 8000 times, spray the sprained part for comprehensive chemical prevention, and with the growth of the plant, Vegetative branches are obtained when new shoots germinate at the base of the primary branch.

Example 3

(1) Cultivate rose seedlings with well-developed root system, intact mother leaves of cuttings, and 3 cm long twigs as usual, during which water management is carried out as usual to keep the soil moist, and shading with a shading rate of 60% is used in high temperature seasons Shade with a net to prevent necrosis of the shoots until the shoots of rose seedlings grow to 12 cm, and the upper leaves of the shoots unfold to become first-class branches;

(2) Cut off and discard the 5 leaflets at the upper end of the first-level branch in step (1), and let the plant continue to grow until new shoots germinate from the pruned part to become a second-level branch;

(3) When the secondary branch of step (2) grows to 40 cm and flower buds appear, cut off and discard the 3 leaflets from the upper end of the secondary branch together with the flower buds, so as to inhibit the production of flower branches and reduce soil nutrients consumption, and then let the secondary branches continue to grow;

(4) When the secondary branches of step (3) grow as usual until the branches are hard, the leaves are thick and dark green, and blind buds are formed on the 3 leaflets at the tip of the branches, the primary branches within 9 cm from the base Remove all the leaves, and twist the first-level branch 3 cm away from the base to destroy the inside of the branch, but not to damage the cortex or break the branch, so that the sprained part of the branch will naturally bend and hang down due to no support. , you need to wash your hands regularly to prevent alternate infection of germs;

(5) For the sprained part of the drooping branch in step (4), sterilize the sprained part according to the conventional greenhouse disease prevention, and with the growth of the plant, when new buds germinate at the base of the primary branch, the vegetative branch is obtained.

Claims (5)

1. A method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of Chinese roses, characterized in that through the following steps: (1) Cultivate rose seedlings with well-developed root system, intact mother leaves of cuttings, and twigs 2 to 4 cm long, during which water management is carried out as usual to keep the soil moist until the twigs of rose seedlings grow to 10-4 cm long. 15 cm, and the upper leaves of the shoots are unfolded to become first-class branches; (2) Cut off and discard the 5 leaflets at the upper end of the first-level branch in step (1), and let the plant continue to grow until new shoots germinate from the pruned part to become a second-level branch; (3) When the secondary branch in step (2) grows to 30-45 cm and flower buds appear, cut off and discard the 3 leaflets from the upper end of the secondary branch together with the flower bud, and let the secondary branch continue to grow; (4) When the secondary branches of step (3) grow to full maturity according to the routine, remove all the leaves of the primary branches within 8-10 cm from the base, and remove all the leaves of the primary branches 3-4 cm from the base. The part is twisted to damage the inside of the branch, but the cortex is not damaged, and the branch is not broken, so that the sprained part of the branch will naturally bend and hang down due to no support; (5) Carry out comprehensive chemical prevention on the sprained part of the drooping branch in step (4), and as the plant grows, when new shoots germinate at the base of the first-level branch, the vegetative branch is obtained. 2. The method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: during the conventional water management in the step (1), use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 50-70% in high temperature seasons. Shade to prevent bud necrosis. 3. The method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut flower roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary branches of the step (4) are fully mature means: after the secondary branches are topped, the branches and leaves are cultivated until the branches are hard and the leaves are firm. Thick and dark green, with blind buds at the 3 leaflets at the tip of the branches. 4. The method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: when twisting the branches in the step (4), it is necessary to wash hands regularly to prevent alternate infection by germs. 5. The method for efficiently cultivating vegetative branches of cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the comprehensive drug prevention of the sprained parts of the drooping branches refers to: using chlorothalonil wettable powder Dilute it into a solution of 1500-8000 times, spray on the sprained part, or combine with conventional greenhouse disease prevention to complete the sterilization of the sprained part.