CN113142035B - Soilless culture method for tree tomatoes - Google Patents

Soilless culture method for tree tomatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113142035B
CN113142035B CN202110391688.0A CN202110391688A CN113142035B CN 113142035 B CN113142035 B CN 113142035B CN 202110391688 A CN202110391688 A CN 202110391688A CN 113142035 B CN113142035 B CN 113142035B
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trunk
soilless culture
branches
tomato
culture method
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CN113142035A (en
Inventor
闫芬芬
马全会
刘义飞
王振磊
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Tarim University
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Tarim University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture, and particularly relates to a soilless culture method for tree tomatoes. The invention provides a soilless culture method of tree tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: planting tomato plants; shallow burying part of the trunk after the trunk grows to 2m; after the overground trunk grows to 2.0-2.2 m, retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top to form double branches; fixing the two branches horizontally in opposite directions respectively, forming fruiting branches by axillary buds on the two trunks, removing the aged fruiting branches after the fruits are ripe, and culturing the axillary buds on the two trunks into new fruiting branches. The soilless culture method provided by the invention can highly utilize space, is particularly suitable for cherry tomatoes, string tomatoes and other small-fruit tomato varieties, can effectively improve cultivation profits, and can effectively prolong the cultivation period of tree tomatoes obtained by soilless culture by the method to 1-3 years.

Description

Soilless culture method for tree tomatoes
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture, and particularly relates to a soilless culture method for tree tomatoes.
Background
The tree-type cultivation technology of tomatoes is mature more and more, but the traditional tree-type cultivation of tomatoes is more focused on cultivating tree-type tomatoes into a tree shape so as to improve ornamental value, and has the defects of large occupied area and low space utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a soilless cultivation method of tree tomatoes. The soilless culture method provided by the invention improves the space utilization rate and simplifies the soilless culture method on the basis of ensuring the ornamental and high-yield performance of the tree tomatoes, can effectively prolong the cultivation period, and is suitable for tree cultivation of tomato varieties with different fruit volumes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a soilless culture method for tree tomatoes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: planting tomato plants in a matrix; after the field planting is finished, after the length of the trunk is more than or equal to 2m, shallow burying part of the trunk into the ground to form an underground trunk and an overground trunk; when the height of the overground trunk grows to 2.0-2.2 m, treating the overground trunk, wherein the treatment comprises retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top of the overground trunk, so that tomato plants form double branches; the two branches are horizontally fixed in opposite directions respectively, and 12-20 axillary buds are reserved in each branch to form a fruiting branch.
Preferably, the tomato variety comprises a high-yield and/or indeterminate-growth type tomato variety.
Preferably, the tomato variety includes a small fruit type tomato variety.
Preferably, the tomato plants are subjected to seedling raising treatment before field planting, and the seedling raising treatment comprises the following steps: soaking tomato seeds in water at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15 min for disinfection treatment; sowing after disinfection is finished; and (3) covering the tomato seeds with a matrix during sowing, wherein the covering thickness of the matrix is 0.8-1.2 cm.
Preferably, the components of the matrix comprise turf, perlite and vermiculite, wherein the volume ratio of the turf, the perlite and the vermiculite is 6:3:1.
Preferably, during the field planting, the tomato plants are subjected to oblique field planting.
Preferably, the depth of the shallow burial is 4-6 cm.
Preferably, the length of the underground trunk is 70-90 cm.
Preferably, when the double branches are horizontally fixed in opposite directions, the double branches are fixed by a vine hanging device, and the vine hanging device comprises a hard tubular or rod-shaped object with supporting force; the material of the tubular or rod-shaped object comprises plastic, metal or wood.
Preferably, the tomato fruit is ripened and then subjected to an operation for prolonging the cultivation period, wherein the operation comprises removing the aged fruiting branch, and culturing the axillary buds on the double branches or the lateral buds at the base of the aged fruiting branch into a new fruiting branch.
The invention provides a soilless culture method of tree tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: planting tomato plants; shallow burying part of the trunk after the trunk grows to 2m; after the overground trunk grows to 2.0-2.2 m, retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top to form double branches; fixing the two branches horizontally in opposite directions, forming fruiting branches by axillary buds on the two trunks, removing the aged fruiting branches after the fruits are ripe, and culturing the axillary buds on the two trunks into new fruiting branches. The soilless culture method provided by the invention can highly utilize space, is also suitable for tomato varieties (including small fruits, medium fruits and large fruits) with different volumes, is especially suitable for small fruit type tomato varieties such as cherry tomatoes, string tomatoes and the like, has a tree type tomato cultivation period of up to 1-3 years, and can effectively improve cultivation profits. As can be seen from the examples, after the soilless culture method provided by the invention is used, the annual yield of individual plants of Sakura, jingdan No. 6, jiahong No. 4 and other tomato varieties reaches 300-700 kg, and the horizontal space is only 1-4 m 2 。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cultivation diagram of a soilless cultivation method provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a practical cultivation effect diagram of the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a practical cultivation effect diagram of the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a soilless culture method for tree tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: planting tomato plants in a matrix; after the field planting is finished, after the length of the trunk is more than or equal to 2m, shallow burying part of the trunk into the ground to form an underground trunk and an overground trunk; when the height of the overground trunk grows to 2.0-2.2 m, treating the overground trunk, wherein the treatment comprises retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top of the overground trunk, so that tomato plants form double branches; the two branches are horizontally fixed in opposite directions respectively, and 12-20 axillary buds are reserved in each branch to form a fruiting branch. The invention provides a tomato soilless culture method which can efficiently utilize space and is convenient to operate.
In the present invention, the tomato variety preferably includes a high-yield and/or infinitely-grown type tomato variety, and further preferably includes a small-fruit type tomato variety, and the tomato variety successfully planted in the actual practice of the present invention includes sakura, jingdan No. 6 and jia hong No. 4. The soilless culture method provided by the invention is different from a culture mode mainly comprising medium-sized or large-sized fruit tomatoes in the prior art, is suitable for tomato varieties with different fruit volumes, and is especially suitable for small fruit varieties such as cherry tomatoes, strung tomatoes and the like.
The invention obtains the seedling of the tomato plant through seedling raising treatment before the field planting of the tomato plant; the seedling treatment preferably comprises the following steps: soaking tomato seeds in water for disinfection; sowing after disinfection is finished; after sowing, the tomato seeds are grown; the temperature of the water is preferably 50-55 ℃; the soaking time is preferably 10-15 min; the components of the matrix preferably comprise turf, perlite and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of turf (particle size 0-10 mm), perlite (particle size 1-3 mm) and vermiculite (particle size 1-3 mm) is preferably 6:3:1; the tomato seeds are covered with a substrate during sowing, and the thickness of the substrate is preferably 0.8-1.2 cm, more preferably 1.0cm. In the seedling raising treatment, the warm soup seed soaking utilizes the difference of heat resistance between plant materials and pathogens, selects proper water temperature and treatment time, and can kill pathogens on the surface or outside of seeds without damaging the seeds; the treatment of the covering matrix can effectively improve the germination rate of seeds, and has the characteristic of no seedling recovery period after plant field planting; the seedling raising treatment can effectively promote the emergence rate of tomato plants and improve the quality of tomato plant seedlings.
The invention preferably builds a cultivation groove, is provided with a nutrition pool, is provided with a liquid supply pump, is provided with a liquid supply pipeline, is provided with a drip arrow and is provided with a power supply liquid supply device before the tomato plants are planted in a fixed way; the material for constructing the cultivation groove preferably comprises brick or benzene plate materials; the length, width and height of the cultivation groove are preferably 2m, 0.5m and 0.5m respectively; the cultivation groove is filled with a matrix, and the matrix is different from the matrix used in seedling culture in that the grain diameter of turf is preferably 10-30 mm; the water pressure of the liquid supply pipe in the liquid supply pump is preferably 0.05-0.10 MPa; the spacing of the arrows is preferably 20cm; the power supply and liquid supply device preferably supplies liquid twice a day for 4min each time. The preparation method provided by the invention is different from the traditional tomato tree and mainly comprises nutrient solution water planting, and has the advantages of higher technical requirements, simple setting and convenient popularization.
The vine hanging device is preferably arranged before tomato field planting; the vine hanging device preferably comprises a hard tubular or rod-shaped object with supporting force; the material of the tubular or rod-shaped object preferably comprises plastic, metal or wood, further preferably PVC pipe, and in the specific operation of the invention suspension rigid PVC pipe is used) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The direction of the vine hanging device is preferably consistent with the length direction of the cultivation groove, and the height of the vine hanging device is preferably 2.2m; the method for fixing the tomato plants by the vine hanging device is preferably as follows: the vine hanging device is bundled with branches of tomato plants by ropes. The invention has the advantages that the mounting vine hanging device can effectively fix tomato plants, so that the tomato plants grow to the target shape, simultaneously, the PVC pipeline is selected to have the advantages of low price, portability and attractive appearance, and also has the advantage of convenient mounting, the manual workload can be effectively reduced, the wide popularization is facilitated, and meanwhile, the invention provides a set of simple soilless culture equipment which can effectively realize the followingThe cultivation cost is reduced.
The tomato plants are planted in the matrix; in the invention, the tomato plants are preferably subjected to oblique field planting during the field planting; the inclined direction of the inclined field planting is preferably that the top end of the tomato plant points away from the cultivation groove; the oblique field planting angle is preferably 35-55 degrees, more preferably 45 degrees, between the trunk and the matrix of the tomato plant; the planting method comprises the steps that a dividing line is preferably used for dividing a cultivation groove with the length of 2m into two parts of 1.5m and 0.5m, tomato plants are planted on crossing points of the dividing line and vertical projection of a vine hanging device, and the planting time is preferably longer than 50d; the lateral branches and flowers on the trunk are preferably removed during the planting. According to the invention, the tomato plants are planted obliquely so that the initial growth direction of the trunks of the tomato plants is close to the matrix, the trunks are conveniently and shallowly buried later, and the situation of breaking the trunks of the tomato plants is avoided.
After the implantation is finished, the length of the trunk is more than or equal to 2m, and part of the trunk is shallow buried underground to form an underground trunk and an overground trunk; the depth of the shallow burial is preferably 4-6 cm, more preferably 5cm; the length of the underground trunk is preferably 70 to 90cm, more preferably 80cm. The method has the advantages that the main trunk of the tomatoes is shallow buried to enable the tomatoes to grow adventitious roots, the rooting quantity is increased, more nutrition can be provided for fruiting branches, the defect that the main roots are easy to age in a long-term cultivation process and the cultivation time is shortened can be avoided.
When the height of the overground trunk is 2.0-2.2 m, the overground trunk is treated, and the treatment comprises retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top of the overground trunk, so that tomato plants form double branches. The invention sets the tomato plants to a specific shape, which is beneficial to improving the utilization of space by the tomato plants.
The invention horizontally fixes the double branches in opposite directions respectively, and each branch retains 12-20 axillary buds to form a fruiting branch; in the invention, when the double branches are horizontally fixed in opposite directions, the double branches are preferably fixed by using a vine hanging device; the fruiting branches preferably retain 5-7 scion flowers and fruits. The soilless culture method provided by the invention is different from the traditional cultivation method in that the occupied area is large, the traditional cultivation method enables the fruiting branches at the upper part of the tomato tree to be extremely easy to overgrow, and because the branches are thick and blocked and are inconvenient to trim operation, the branches are trimmed and the vines are trimmed, workers are required to stand at high positions, the workload is large, and the like.
The cultivation schematic diagram of the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention is shown in figure 1.
The invention preferably removes the aged fruiting branch after the fruit ripens, cultures the axillary buds on the double branches or the lateral buds at the base of the aged fruiting branch into new fruiting branch. The method repeatedly uses the operation in the cultivation process, and can realize long-term cultivation of the tree tomatoes.
For further explanation of the present invention, a soilless cultivation method for tree tomatoes according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
1. Selecting varieties
Tomato varieties such as sakura, jingdan No. 6, jiahong No. 4 and the like are selected.
2. Seedling raising
1) Preparing a substrate: turf (particle size 0-10 mm), perlite (particle size 1-3 mm) and vermiculite (particle size 1-3 mm) were mixed according to a ratio of 6:3:1 by volume ratio to obtain the matrix.
2) Preparing a black nutrition pot with the length of 9cm multiplied by 9cm for seedling cultivation;
3) Soaking tomato seeds in hot water at 50-55 ℃, sterilizing the soaked tomato seeds in warm soup for 10-15 min, and sowing; covering a substrate of about 1cm after sowing; and (5) planting when the seedling age is 45-50 d.
3. Soilless culture device manufacturing and nutrient solution management
The cultivation groove is built by adopting bricks or benzene plates, and the length, width and height are respectively 2m, 0.5m and 0.5m; filling turf (particle size 10-30 mm), perlite and vermiculite with a volume ratio of 6:3:1; providing a nutrient solution pool, a liquid supply pump (maintaining the water pressure of a liquid supply pipe to be 0.05-0.10 MPa), a liquid supply pipeline and a drip arrow to be inserted above a substrate (the distance is 20cm multiplied by 20 cm); the device is equipped with a timing power supply liquid supply device, and liquid is supplied for 2 times a day for 4min each time.
4. Vine hanging device installation
A hard PVC pipe is hung just 2.2 meters above the cultivation groove (which is consistent with the length direction of the cultivation groove)) Is used for maintaining the horizontal shaping of the trunk.
5. Facility environmental control and nutrient solution management
Greenhouse management: 25-32 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night;
and (3) illumination management: the illumination intensity is 50-100 klx, and the illumination time is 10 hours per day;
air humidity: 70 to 80 percent
Nutrient solution: a special formula of the kawasaki tomato nutrient solution (shown in table 1); the concentration of the early stage (fixed planting stage and seedling stage) is 0.5 times, the concentration of the medium stage (flowering stage) is 1.0 times, and the concentration of the later stage (fruiting stage) is 1.5-2.0 times; the pH value is 5.8-6.5; the temperature of the nutrient solution is 10-15 ℃ in summer and 15-20 ℃ in winter (the cultivation method provided by the invention is carried out in facilities), so that cultivation can be carried out all year round, and the specific time depends on the growth stage of crops.
TABLE 1 Special formula for Japanese Kawasaki tomato tree nutrient solution
6. Planting, pruning, vine pruning and fruiting period management key points
Planting tomato plants obtained by seedling culture at a position 50cm away from one end of a cultivation groove, wherein an included angle between a trunk and a matrix surface is 45 degrees, and the trunk and the matrix surface are inclined (with a matrix on the side at a long distance);
after field planting for 50 days (lateral branches and flowers are removed during the period), when the length of the trunk is more than 200cm, the leaves of part of the trunk are removed, the trunk is shallowly buried to form a lower trunk and an upper trunk, the shallowly buried depth is 5cm, the length of the underground trunk is about 80cm, the underground trunk is shallowly buried to enable the underground trunk to grow into adventitious roots, and the overground trunk continues to grow;
when the overground trunk grows to the vine hanging device, one main branch and one side bud on the overground trunk are reserved, double branches are cultivated, branches are respectively fixed horizontally reversely (fixed by ropes) along the center of a hard PVC pipe of the vine hanging device, and the branches are kept to be horizontally shaped and grow to 4-6 m; the axillary buds under each leaf of the vine hanging devices on the two sides of the horizontal are reserved for 12 to 20 to form fruiting branches, each fruiting branch is reserved for 5 to 7 scions and fruits (the fruiting branches are hung upside down, side branches are timely removed to prevent nutrient consumption, and topping treatment is carried out when the top ends of the fruiting branches are close to the ground);
when the tomatoes bloom, in the morning of sunny days, the hard PVC pipe is knocked by the wood stick, so that the effect of vibrating pollination on the tomato flowers is achieved.
After the fruits are ripe and harvested, old fruiting branches are removed, axillary buds on branches or lateral buds at the base of the old fruiting branches are reserved, new fruiting branches are cultivated, and the operation is repeatedly applied in the cultivation process. The actual cultivation effect diagram of the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention is shown in fig. 2 and 3.
7. Pest management
(1) When tomato powdery mildew occurs: the preparation is used for preventing and treating the early stage of the disease in time, and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid is matched with 10% difenoconazole water dispersing 2500 times liquid or 25% azoxystrobin suspending agent 1500 times liquid or 40% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid for spraying treatment, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 7 days or so, and the spraying is carried out for 3 to 4 times continuously, so that the back of the leaf blade needs to be sprayed.
(2) When aphids or white flies occur, the aphids or the white flies are sensitive to yellow, have strong tropism, and are arranged in a greenhouse to trap and kill adults. Spraying 1500 times of 5% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 3000 times of 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000 times of 20% clomazone emulsifiable concentrate, or 3000 times of 40% acetamiprid wettable powder at the initial stage.
(3) When red spider insect pest appears, the pesticide such as 1000-1200 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000-1500 times of 73% propargite emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500-2000 times of 20% clofentezine suspension, or 1500 times of 2.5% bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed for prevention and treatment.
(4) When the insect pest of the liriomyza appears, 1000-1200 times of the avermectin emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 1.8 percent or 800 times of the wettable powder with the concentration of 50 percent is sprayed.
8. Yield conditions
The tomato plants cultivated by the soilless cultivation method can hang 60-140 clusters at a time, continuously bear 6-10 batches each year, and the annual yield of the single plant reaches 300-700 kg.
In conclusion, the soilless culture method provided by the invention enables fruiting branches to sag and grow, suppresses the overgrowth condition of branches, is convenient for workers to operate, does not need to take time and labor as the traditional tomato tree cultivation method, and is maintained by a great deal of manpower, and the substrate cultivation equipment and the cultivation frame are simple in structure and low in construction cost; meanwhile, the advantage of high yield of tomato plants is also considered; according to measurement calculation, the average horizontal space utilized by each tomato plant obtained by the cultivation method (namely the area of the tomato plant vertically projected to the ground) is only 1-4 m 2 The cultivation area of the traditional tomato tree is one tenth of that of the traditional tomato tree, and the utilization rate of the cultivation space of the tomatoes is greatly improved; and the cultivation method provided by the invention enables the cultivation period to be 1-3 years long through simple maintenance, and can effectively improve economic benefits.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is therefore to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The soilless culture method for the tree tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of: planting tomato plants in a matrix; after the field planting is finished, after the length of the trunk is more than or equal to 2m, shallow burying part of the trunk into the ground to form an underground trunk and an overground trunk; when the height of the overground trunk grows to 2.0-2.2 m, treating the overground trunk, wherein the treatment comprises retaining a main branch and a lateral bud at the top of the overground trunk, so that tomato plants form double branches; horizontally fixing the double branches in opposite directions respectively, reserving 12-20 axillary buds on each branch to form fruiting branches, and timely removing side branches after the fruiting branches are hung upside down;
the length of the underground trunk is 70-90 cm.
2. Soilless culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that said tomato variety comprises a high-yield and/or infinitely-grown type tomato variety.
3. Soilless culture method according to claim 2, characterized in that the tomato variety comprises a small fruit type tomato variety.
4. Soilless culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that said tomato plants are subjected to a seedling treatment before field planting, said seedling treatment comprising the steps of: soaking tomato seeds in water at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15 min for disinfection treatment; sowing after disinfection is finished; and (3) covering the tomato seeds with a matrix during sowing, wherein the covering thickness of the matrix is 0.8-1.2 cm.
5. The soilless culture method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the components of the matrix comprise turf, perlite and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the turf, perlite and vermiculite is 6:3:1.
6. The soilless culture method according to claim 1, wherein the tomato plants are planted obliquely during the planting.
7. The soilless culture method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the shallow burial is 4-6 cm.
8. The soilless culture method according to claim 1, wherein when the double branches are horizontally fixed in opposite directions, the double branches are fixed by a vine hanging device, and the vine hanging device comprises a hard tubular or rod-shaped object with supporting force; the material of the tubular or rod-shaped object comprises plastic, metal or wood.
9. Soilless culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tomato fruit is ripe and then subjected to an operation for an extended cultivation period, said operation comprising removing the aged fruiting branch, cultivating the axillary buds on the double branches or the lateral buds at the base of the aged fruiting branch into new fruiting branch.
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