CN108770669A - A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya Download PDFInfo
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- CN108770669A CN108770669A CN201810686514.5A CN201810686514A CN108770669A CN 108770669 A CN108770669 A CN 108770669A CN 201810686514 A CN201810686514 A CN 201810686514A CN 108770669 A CN108770669 A CN 108770669A
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- seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya, seed is handled, sand storage preserves, design special seedbed and carry out vernalization, the seedbed is by multilayer matrix and stone layer is alternate is laminated；Thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds are sowed in nursery pond, are after planting sprinkled profoundly water, constant temperature moisturizing culture；When seedling height reaches 15-20cm, the apparent seedling of base portion semi-lignified is transplanted；It is grafted after seedling reaches grafting standard, is managed and protected after grafting.The method of the present invention has many advantages, such as that management is convenient, seed planting percent is high, the time that is out of the garden is shortened in current year grafting, growing way is consistent.For the stylish slightly base portion stem thickness that is out of the garden up to 1.2-1.5cm, height of seedling 1.5m or more, transplanting current increment is apparent, is suitable for large-scale breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forestry nursery stocks to transplant field, relates in particular to a kind of cultivation of the excellent container seedling of apocarya
Method.
Background technology
Apocarya (Carya illinoinensis Koch) also known as pecan belong to Juglandaceae hickory, are
Integrate the Eco-economic Type seeds of high-grade dry fruit, afforestation, high-grade timber.Apocarya, which is introduced a fine variety to China, to be had
More than 110 years history, but introducing and planting is in fragmentary distribution more, fails to be formed industrialization production, one of the main reasons be kind not
Clearly, breeding seedling is in short supply, and corresponding cultivation techniques are not perfect etc..With apocarya industry development and popularization, thin shell mountain pecan
The demand of peach seeds constantly expands, and supply falls short of demand for domestic apocarya breeding strong sprout, has a vast market foreground.At present
The shortcomings of nursery stock form in market is mainly bare-root seeding, and bare-root seeding transplanting survival rate is low, and seedling-slowing stage is long, and increment is small causes shell
Hickory nut building well success rate is low, restricts the development of apocarya industry.
Carry out in succession from the apocarya research in China's early 20th century, in germ plasm resource introduction, fine-variety breeding, breeding skill
Art, efficiency cultivation technology for high etc. have made extensive work, lay a good foundation for the development of China's apocarya industry.But its seedling
There are still some problems for the wooden sowing and breeding technology, and since apocarya belongs to the system of taproot, fibrous root is less, and bare-root seeding was being transplanted
Cheng Zhong, root system are easier to come to harm, and influence the seedling growth amount of transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks and current year.It is a set of currently without being formed
Complete scale breeding production technology regulation, Quality of Seedlings is irregular, restricts the fast development of apocarya industry.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The object of the present invention is to provide complete scale cultivation of container seedling technologies, solve current nursery stock matter
Measure the problem too low, transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is low, seedling-slowing stage is grown.
Technical solution：A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya of the present invention, includes the following steps：
(1) seed treatment：Sand storage preserves after handling seed disinfection；
(2) seedbed vernalization：The nursery pond containing zanjon is built in seedling cultivation greenhouse, nursery pond bottom is made into V-shape portion, described
V-shape portion bottom end is equipped with a root surface and opens up the pvc pipes of several holes, and one layer of permeable felt-cloth is covered on the PVC, then from lower and
Last time is laid with stone layer, mixed-matrix layer；Thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds are sowed in nursery pond, then cover one layer of thin hypothallus,
It after planting sprinkles profoundly water, constant temperature moisturizing culture；
(3) when seedling height reaches 15-20cm, the apparent seedling of base portion semi-lignified is transplanted；
(4) it is grafted after seedling reaches grafting standard, is managed and protected after grafting.
Specifically, in the step (1), full, healthy thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds are selected, with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim
It impregnates 5-7 days.
Further, after disinfecting, Sand culture is carried out after seed is pulled out, the stacking of every layer of seed is not folded with seed
Layer is advisable, burial depth 3-4cm, 30 days sand storage time.
Further, the V-shape portion bottom surface forms the arc groove that can accommodate a diameter of 8-10cm pvc pipes.
Further, the stone layer thickness is 15%-20%.
Further, the mixed-matrix includes the turfy soil and perlite that volume ratio is 3: 2；The mixed-matrix is laid with
Depth is the 78%-86% of nursery pond depth；The thin matrix layer thickness is the 10%-20% of nursery pond depth.
Further, the thickness of sowing is 300~350/m2。
Further, the grafting standard is at seedling aerial part aerial part 10cm.
The height of the grafting is to mark 3.5cm long, 1- on buddering with grafting knife at the 10cm of stock root top
The bud tablets of 1.2cm wide, are removed buddering；It is cut out and is buddered block same size at stock position to be grafted using same method
Cortex, and stay 2mm-3mm wide, the wound mouth of 3cm long that will budder and stick on stock notch rapidly in notch lower end side, it is right
Together, it wraps up.
Advantageous effect：(1) the excellent cultivation of container seedling method of apocarya provided by the invention has and manages convenient, kind
The advantages that sub- planting percent is high, the time that is out of the garden is shortened in current year grafting, growing way is consistent.Stylish slightly base portion stem thickness be out of the garden up to 1.2-
1.5cm, height of seedling 1.5m or more, transplanting current increment is apparent, is suitable for large-scale breeding；
(2) present invention makes a large amount of growth-promoting fibrous roots during growth of seedling, improves transplanting by applying non-woven container nursery
Survival rate shortens seedling-slowing stage；
(3) container seedling that method provided by the invention is cultivated, building well planting survival rate nearly 100%, increment is apparent, 3 years
After can fruiting, achieve the effect that fast rapid-result garden.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
1. seed treatment
It selects full, healthy domestic seed to carry out nursery, is impregnated 5-7 days with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim, carried out after pulling out husky
Tibetan is handled, and with seed, lamination is not advisable the stacking of every layer of seed, burial depth 3-4cm, 30 days sand storage time.
2. seedbed vernalization
Width 0.8m is built in seedling cultivation greenhouse, (nursery pond bottom is covered with 8cm thickness stones to the nursery pond of depth 30cm high, plays perseverance
The heat-insulated effect of temperature), nursery pond bottom is made into V-shape portion, and the pvc pipe of a diameter 8-10cm is placed in V-shape portion bottom, and upward one
A large amount of aperture is outputed in face, and permeable felt-cloth is used in combination to cover.Then the stone layer of 5cm thickness is spread.Upper layer repaves the mixed of 20-25cm thickness
Close hypothallus, substrate composition be volume ratio be 3: 2 turfy soil, perlite, then use mass percent concentration be 0.5% height
Potassium manganate solution sprays bed surface disinfection, leveling.By the sowing of thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds in nursery pond, 330/m of density2, then
The thin hypothallus of 3-5cm mixed-matrixes is covered again.It after planting sprinkles profoundly water, Small plastic shed is installed additional, and equipment of sprinkler irrigation is installed, according to matrix
Need the in due course moisturizing of regimen condition.20-25 DEG C of substrate temperature range in arched shed is kept to continue 15 days or more, seed can sprout.
3. container culture
Seedling emergence 20 days or so, selects seedling height 15-20cm, and the obvious seedling of base portion semi-lignified is moved
It plants.It transplants into diameter 20cm, in the non-woven container of height 30cm.Container seedling after transplanting to be sprinkled profoundly water at once, later stage root
Spray irrigation is carried out according to the humiture situation of soil matrix.Initial stage after transplanting seedling, plastic house plastic film, outer cover sunshade
Net shading, control canopy temperature are not higher than 35 DEG C, when the temperature is excessively high start the plastic film of greenhouse both sides, ventilative cooling.
After 20-25 days, sunshade net at the top of greenhouse is removed.
4. summer budding
It selects and reaches the side that the stock of grafting standard (rugosity is in 0.8cm or more at aerial part 10cm) uses square bud to connect
Method is grafted.Grafting height is at the 10cm of stock root top, and that first chooses budders, and with grafting knife, (grafting knife is width
The catling of about 3.5cm) bud tablets that 3.5cm long, 1-1.2cm wide are marked on buddering, it is touched with thumb, is taken buddering
Under, bud will be located at position top in the middle part of bud tablets.It is cut out and block phase of buddering at stock position to be grafted with same operating method
2mm-3mm wide, the wound mouth of 3cm long are stayed with the cortex of size, and in notch lower end side.
5. being managed and protected after grafting
After grafting in 5-7 days, it is sure not irrigation fertilization；20 days or so after connecing, interface callus forms good grafting
Seedling can be unbinded；After current year rootstock seedling stops growing, you can all wipe out part more than stock grafting position, second
Before spring in year budders and sprouts, the sprouting sprouted in stock section is erased in time；Matrix moistening is kept, optionally top dressing is simultaneously clear in time
It cuts weeds, administer pest and disease damage, in time tied up newly slightly crooked grafting just with rod or bamboo pole.Drip irrigation facilities are installed, ensure seedling
The wooden moisture supply.
The apocarya container seedling that table 1. is cultivated using the present invention compares with bare-root seeding
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
（1）Seed treatment：Sand storage preserves after handling seed disinfection；
（2）Seedbed vernalization：The nursery pond containing zanjon is built in seedling cultivation greenhouse, nursery pond bottom is made into V-shape portion, the V-arrangement
Portion bottom end is equipped with the pvc pipe that a root surface opens up several holes, covers one layer of permeable felt-cloth on the PVC, then from bottom to top
Once-paving stone layer, mixed-matrix layer；Thin shell mountain pecan peach seeds are sowed in nursery pond, then cover one layer of thin hypothallus, are broadcast
It is sprinkled profoundly water after kind, constant temperature moisturizing culture；
（3）When seedling height reaches 15-20cm, the apparent seedling of base portion semi-lignified is transplanted；
（4）It is grafted after seedling reaches grafting standard, is managed and protected after grafting.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（1）In, select full, healthy shell mountain
Walnut Seed is impregnated 5-7 days with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that：After disinfecting, Sand culture is carried out after seed is pulled out,
With seed, lamination is not advisable the stacking of every layer of seed, burial depth 3-4cm, 30 days sand storage time.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The V-shape portion bottom surface, which is formed, can accommodate a diameter of 8-10cm
The arc groove of pvc pipe.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The stone layer thickness is 15%-20%.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that：The mixed-matrix includes that volume ratio is 3:2 turfy soil
And perlite；The mixed-matrix is laid with the 78%-86% that depth is nursery pond depth；The thin matrix layer thickness is that nursery pond is deep
The 10%-20% of degree.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that：The thickness of sowing is 300 ~ 350/m2。
8. according to the method described in claim 7, it is characterized in that：The grafting standard is seedling aerial part aerial part
At 10cm.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that：The height of the grafting is to be used at the 10cm of stock root top
Grafting knife marks the bud tablets of 3.5cm long, 1-1.2cm wide on buddering, and is removed buddering；It is waited in stock using same method
Grafting part cuts out and budders the cortex of block same size, and stays 2mm-3mm wide in notch lower end side, the wound mouth of 3cm long,
It will budder and stick on stock notch rapidly, be aligned, wrapping.
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| CN201810686514.5A CN108770669A (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya |
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| CN201810686514.5A CN108770669A (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2018-06-27 | A kind of breeding method of the excellent container seedling of apocarya |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111955333A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of large container seedlings of carya illinoensis fruiting bodies |
| CN111972267A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Sowing method for improving transplanting survival rate and growth amount of carya illinoensis bud seedlings |
| CN113330975A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method of apocarya container seedlings |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111972267A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-24 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Sowing method for improving transplanting survival rate and growth amount of carya illinoensis bud seedlings |
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| CN113330975A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method of apocarya container seedlings |
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