CN111374026A - Special seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111374026A CN111374026A CN201811633179.9A CN201811633179A CN111374026A CN 111374026 A CN111374026 A CN 111374026A CN 201811633179 A CN201811633179 A CN 201811633179A CN 111374026 A CN111374026 A CN 111374026A
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- perlite
- vermiculite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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Abstract
The invention provides a special substrate for seedling culture and a preparation method thereof, wherein the substrate comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, and the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5. The main components of the matrix are peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, the matrix enables the physical and chemical properties to be close to soil through the synergistic interaction among various single matrixes, and after the matrix is mixed and processed according to the proportion, the matrix is suitable for planting various crops, has a good seedling raising effect and is suitable for various growth stages of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soilless culture substrates, in particular to a substrate special for seedling culture and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing requirements of soilless culture technology in China on seedling quality, the conventional substrate formula cannot meet the seedling culture standard of efficient plant factories.
In the process of seedling culture, the basic judgment standard of 'well-bred seedlings' is that the emergence rate is high, the germination vigor is neat, two indexes of the germination vigor of the whole set and the germination vigor of a single hole (when a hole is used for multiple seedlings) are mainly mastered, the successive germination time is less than 2 days, the longer the time is, the greater the influence on yield and loss is, and the more adverse to the standardized production of plant factories is. In order to save labor and raw material cost, the existing substrate formula pays less attention to seedling raising work, easily causes low germination rate or root rot due to excessive water retention capacity, or causes low germination rate or poor growth due to insufficient water during seedling raising due to poor water retention capacity, stays in a seedling raising stage, and cannot meet the requirement of good seedling raising.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the substrate has the characteristics of good seedling culture effect and wide applicability when used for seedling culture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention firstly provides a special seedling culture substrate which comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3.5-5: 2-3: 0.7-1.2.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 4:2:1: 1.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the plant ash further comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite micropowder and plant ash in a volume ratio of 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5: 0.05 to 0.2.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the substrate has the humidity of 28-30% and the volume weight of 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the peat soil has the particle size of less than 2mm and the volume weight of 0.1-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 85-90%.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-2 mm, and the volume weight is 0.07-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
As a further improvement of the above technical solutionThe particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm, and the volume weight is 0.1-0.3 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-93%.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the particle size of the perlite micropowder is 0.07-0.2 mm, and the volume weight is 0.18-0.22 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special substrate for seedling culture, which comprises the following steps:
a, dividing raw peat into peat blocks with the sizes of the bricks by using a bricklayer cutter, putting the peat blocks into a hammer mill one by one, rotating at 2000-3000 r/min, and obtaining uniform peat soil with the diameter and width of a screen mesh of 1.5-2 cm;
b, taking 30-60 parts of peat soil, 10-40 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-15 parts of perlite micro powder, sequentially pouring prepared perlite, vermiculite, perlite micro powder and peat soil into a stirrer, and ensuring correct raw material proportion before feeding;
starting the stirrer, stirring at the speed of 1000-2000 rpm for 10-20 minutes, stopping the stirrer, discharging, detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a hygrometer at 28-30%, and preferably kneading the matrix into a lump by hands, and loosening the dispersed matrix by hands; the volume weight of the matrix is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a special substrate for seedling culture and a preparation method thereof, wherein the substrate comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5, the particle size of the perlite is 0.27-1.4 mm, and the particle size of the perlite micropowder is 0.07-0.2 mm. The main components of the matrix are peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, the matrix enables the physical and chemical properties to be close to the appropriate state of plant germination through the synergistic interaction among various single matrixes, and after the matrix is mixed and processed according to the proportion, the matrix is suitable for planting various crops and has a good seedling raising effect, is suitable for each growth stage of the crops, and can be widely applied to soilless culture nutrient solution film planting.
In some embodiments, the substrate has a humidity of 28-30% and a bulk density of 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, the pH of the leaching solution of unit matrix in unit volume is 5.5-6.0, the volume weight is light, the total porosity is large, and the matrix is as follows when the saturated water holding capacity is reached: moisture content: the ratio of air to air is 2:1:1, which is beneficial to the growth of plant roots; the cushion is good, not only can support the overground part of the plant not to incline, but also can not hinder the extension and absorption of the underground root system; the fertilizer has the advantages of high water absorption rate, strong water retention capacity, capability of quickly absorbing water in a dry state, fertility and excellent seedling raising effect.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., A and/or B includes (A and B) and (A or B);
the special seedling culture substrate comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil to the vermiculite to the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5.
The volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder can be 3: 3:0.5:0.5, 4:3:0.5:1, 5:3:1:1, 6:3:1:1, 3:1:0.8:1, 6:3:1.5:1.5, 6:4:1.2:1, 3:2:1:1.2, etc.
In the embodiment, the special substrate for seedling culture comprises peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5. The substrate has physical and chemical properties close to soil through the synergistic interaction between various single substrates, can be suitable for planting various crops and has good seedling raising effect after being mixed and processed according to the proportion, can be suitable for various growth stages of the crops, and can be widely applied to soilless culture nutrient solution film planting.
Peat soil is a natural swamp soil product (also called peat or peat) formed for thousands of years, is coal with the lowest coalification degree and the most original state of the coal, has the characteristics of sterility, no toxicity, no pollution and good ventilation performance, is light in weight, water-holding, fertilizer-retaining, beneficial to microbial activity, rich in nutrition, is a culture medium, is a good soil regulator, and contains high organic matters, humic acid and nutritional ingredients.
Preferably, the particle size of the peat soil is less than 2mm, and the volume weight is 0.1-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 85-90%.
Vermiculite is a natural, inorganic, nontoxic, mineral substance which can expand under the action of high temperature, belongs to silicate, and has a monoclinic crystal structure. The vermiculite can effectively promote the growth of plant roots and the stable development of seedlings, provide water and nutrition necessary for the growth of plants for a long time, and can ensure that crops can obtain sufficient water and mineral substances from the initial growth stage, promote the rapid growth of the plants and increase the yield.
Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-2 mm, and the volume weight is 0.07-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
Perlite is acid lava erupted from volcanoes, and is vitreous rock obtained by rapid cooling, and is used for increasing the air permeability and water absorption of the special matrix for seedling culture.
Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm, and the volume weight is 0.1-0.3 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-93%.
The pearlite micropowder is a superfine white powdery pearlite obtained by drying, crushing and sieving natural pearlite, puffing at high temp. in stepped electric furnace (quick heating to 1000 deg.C or more) and vacuum filtering in air-pumping channel. In the embodiment, compared with the method of independently adding perlite, the substrate added with perlite micropowder has more excellent water retention and water absorption performance when added with perlite, and can improve the uniformity of pores, thereby improving the overall performance of the substrate.
Preferably, the particle size of the perlite micro powder is 0.07-0.2 mm, and the volume weight is 0.18-0.22 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3.5-5: 2-3: 0.7-1.2.
The volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder can be 3.5:2:0.7:0.7, 4:2.5:1:1, 5:3:1:1, 4.5:2:1:1.2, 4:3:1.2:1, 5:3:1.2:1.2 and the like.
More preferably, the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 4:2:1: 1.
The substrate has light volume weight and large total porosity when the substrate is used for raising seedlings, and the substrate is as follows when the saturated water holding capacity is reached: moisture content: the ratio of air to air is 2:1:1, which is beneficial to the growth of plant roots; the cushion is good, not only can support the overground part of the plant not to incline, but also can not hinder the extension and absorption of the underground root system; the water absorption rate is high, the water holding capacity is strong, the water can be quickly absorbed in a dry state, and when the seedlings are grown in a plant factory, the medium is quickly dried and alternated, so that strong seedlings can be cultivated; the nutrient solution has certain fertility, and does not generate chemical reaction with components in the nutrient solution to influence the properties of the nutrient solution and the nutrient solution; when the cultivated seedlings are planted by a nutrient film system, the matrix is tightly combined with the root system and does not scatter, the root injury is avoided, the seedling pulling and the seedling jacking are convenient, and the efficiency of manual planting and the efficiency of cleaning the root system after harvesting are improved.
Optionally, the special seedling raising substrate further comprises plant ash, and the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite micropowder and the plant ash is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5: 0.05 to 0.2.
The volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite micropowder and the plant ash is 3: 3:0.5:0.5: 0.05, 4:3:0.5:1:0.08, 5:3:1:1:0.1, 6:3:1: 0.15, 3:1:0.8:1:0.18, 6:3:1.5:1.5:0.1, 6:4:1.2:1:0.1, 3:2:1:1.2:0.15, etc.
The plant ash can be added for preventing the raised seedlings from generating diseases in the high disease stage, and the plant ash is the ash of the burned plants, so that all mineral elements contained in the plants and the plant ash are almost contained, and the plant ash can further provide nutrition for the crops in seedling culture. The most potassium element is contained, generally 6-12% of potassium is contained, more than 90% of potassium is water-soluble and exists in the form of carbonate; and the phosphorus generally contains 1.5-3 percent of phosphorus, and also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and other trace nutrient elements.
Optionally, the water content of the substrate is 28-30%, and the volume weight of the substrate is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
As mentioned above, the matrix structure is similar to the capillary structure of soil; the plant water-retaining agent has the characteristics of light volume weight, moderate total porosity, strong water-retaining property and good air permeability, is greatly beneficial to the growth of plant roots, can quickly absorb water in a dry state, has fertility, does not need fertilization management, and has excellent seedling raising effect.
A preparation method of a special substrate for seedling culture comprises the following steps:
a, dividing raw peat into peat blocks with the sizes of bricks by using a bricking cutter, putting the peat blocks into a hammer mill one by one at a rotating speed of 2000-3000 r/min, preferably 2800 r/min, and obtaining peat soil with the diameter width of a screen mesh of 1.5-2 cm;
b, taking 30-60 parts of peat soil, 10-40 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-15 parts of perlite micro powder, sequentially pouring prepared perlite, vermiculite, perlite micro powder and peat soil into a stirrer, and ensuring correct raw material proportion before feeding;
in step b, the peat soil can be 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 60 parts and the like;
the vermiculite can be 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts and the like;
the perlite can be 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts and the like;
the perlite micro powder can be 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, 15 parts and the like;
when the materials are fed into the stirrer, prepared perlite, vermiculite, perlite micropowder and peat soil are poured in sequence, and the reason is that the perlite, the vermiculite and the perlite micropowder are light materials, and when the materials are positioned on the upper layer of the raw materials of the stirrer to be stirred, the materials are easy to fly to cause stirring failure or loss of the raw materials, and the materials need to be fed into the bottom of the stirrer and covered by the peat soil to be stirred.
C, starting the stirrer at the speed of 1000-2000 revolutionsStirring for 10-20 minutes, stopping the machine, discharging, detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a hygrometer to be 28-30%, and preferably kneading the matrix into a lump by hand, and loosening the mass by hand; the volume weight of the matrix is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
And after the detection is qualified, placing the mixture in a large black barrel or storing the mixture in a sealed mode for later use.
A use method of a special substrate for seedling culture comprises the following steps:
humidifying: before seeding, pouring 25 liters of matrix into a multifunctional dough kneading machine, starting the dough kneading machine at the rotation speed of 1000-2000 rpm, spraying ultrafiltration water to the matrix by using a high-pressure atomizing pump at the water spraying speed of 1 liter/min, humidifying and stirring for 10-15 min, and stopping the machine to obtain the seedling culture matrix;
sowing: the obtained seedling substrate can be directly used for filling trays and covering soil during seeding, and watering the upper part or irrigating liquid at the bottom part after seeding is finished so as to finish seedling work;
planting: the seedlings bred in 12 hours before the field planting are stopped watering or liquid filling, which is beneficial to the combination of the root system and the matrix when the seedlings are pulled out or topped.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a special seedling substrate, which is prepared by mixing, by volume, 40 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite and 10 parts of perlite micropowder to form the special seedling substrate, and is used for seedling planting of spinach seeds, wherein the spinach seeds have strict requirements on moisture and air of the seedling substrate due to hard seed shells, and the germination rate of the spinach seeds is often difficult to reach over 75%. The matrix of the formula is used for sowing spinach seeds in 200 holes, each disc uses 2.2 liters of soil, the spinach seeds are watered after being covered with soil, and the spinach seeds are germinated in a seedling raising room at the temperature of 20-22 ℃.
Meanwhile, a control group is arranged, a commercially available substrate is adopted in the control group, the commercially available substrate is planted by adopting the volume ratio of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite to be 4:2:1, and other conditions are consistent with those of the test group. And observing and measuring the test group and the control group after planting for 3 days, wherein the observation and measurement items comprise emergence rate, germination vigor, seedling height, length and width of the first true leaf and fresh weight, and the average value is taken as standard, and the measurement result is shown in table 1.
Example 2
In this example 2, a special seedling raising substrate is provided, which is prepared by mixing 40 parts by volume of peat soil, 20 parts by volume of vermiculite, 10 parts by volume of perlite and 10 parts by volume of perlite micropowder, performing 200-hole tray seedling raising on brassicaceae leafy vegetables, seeding with the substrate according to the formula, using 2.2 liters of soil for each tray, watering after covering soil, and accelerating germination in a seedling raising room at 20-25 ℃.
Meanwhile, a control group is arranged, a commercially available substrate is adopted in the control group, the commercially available substrate is planted by adopting the volume ratio of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite to be 4:2:1, and other conditions are consistent with those of the test group. And observing and measuring the test group and the control group after planting for 3 days, wherein the observation and measurement items comprise emergence rate, germination vigor, seedling height, length and width of the first true leaf and fresh weight, and the average value is taken as standard, and the measurement result is shown in table 1.
Example 3
In this example 3, a special substrate for seedling cultivation is provided, wherein 40 parts by volume of peat soil, 20 parts by volume of vermiculite, 10 parts by volume of perlite and 10 parts by volume of perlite micropowder are mixed to form the special substrate for seedling cultivation, 200-hole tray seedling cultivation of tomatoes is performed, the substrate is used for seeding, 2.2 liters of soil is used for each tray, watering is performed after covering soil, and germination is performed in a seedling cultivation room at 20-25 ℃.
Meanwhile, a control group is arranged, the control group is planted by adopting a commercially available substrate, the commercially available substrate is planted by adopting the volume ratio of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite to be 4:2:1, and other conditions are consistent with those of the test group. And observing and measuring the test group and the control group after planting for 3 days, wherein the observation and measurement items comprise emergence rate, germination vigor, seedling height, length and width of the first true leaf and fresh weight, and the average value is taken as standard, and the measurement result is shown in table 1.
Example 4
In this example 4, a special seedling raising substrate is provided, which is prepared by mixing, by volume, 40 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite and 10 parts of perlite micropowder to form a special seedling raising substrate, performing 200-hole tray seedling raising of cucumber, seeding with the substrate according to the formula, using 2.2 liters of soil for each tray, watering after covering with soil, and accelerating germination in a seedling raising room at 20-25 ℃.
Meanwhile, a control group is arranged, a commercially available substrate is adopted in the control group, the commercially available substrate is planted by adopting the volume ratio of peat soil, vermiculite and perlite to be 4:2:1, and other conditions are consistent with those of the test group. And observing and measuring the test group and the control group after planting for 3 days, wherein the observation and measurement items comprise emergence rate, germination vigor, seedling height, length and width of the first true leaf and fresh weight, and the average value is taken as standard, and the measurement result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of the formula substrate applied to different vegetable plug seedlings
The test results in table 1 show that compared with the substrate sold in the market, the special substrate for seedling cultivation has good seedling cultivation effect, higher emergence rate, higher germination vigor and higher fresh weight, the first leaf is thick and strong, the seedling emergence height is shorter, and excessive growth can be prevented; the method has wide applicability and can be used for raising seedlings of various vegetables.
Example 5
In this embodiment 5, 30 parts by volume of peat soil, 10 parts by volume of vermiculite, 5 parts by volume of perlite, and 5 parts by volume of perlite micropowder are mixed to form the special seedling substrate. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Example 6
In this embodiment 6, 60 parts of peat soil, 40 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of perlite, and 15 parts of perlite micropowder are mixed by volume to form a special seedling substrate. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Example 7
In this embodiment 7, a special seedling culture substrate is provided, which is formed by mixing, by volume, 50 parts of peat soil, 30 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, and 10 parts of perlite micropowder. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Example 8
This embodiment 8 provides a special seedling substrate, which is formed by mixing, by volume, 40 parts of peat soil, 25 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of perlite, and 8 parts of perlite micropowder. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example 1 provides a special seedling culture substrate, and 80 parts by volume of peat soil, 10 parts by volume of vermiculite and 10 parts by volume of perlite micropowder are mixed to form the special seedling culture substrate. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 provides a special seedling culture substrate, and 70 parts of peat soil, 5 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite and 10 parts of perlite micropowder are mixed to form the special seedling culture substrate according to the volume parts. The rest is the same as in example 1. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Table 2. effect of different formula substrates applied to plug seedling of spinach seeds
The test results in table 2 show that the special substrate for seedling cultivation has a good seedling cultivation effect compared with the substrates in comparative examples 1-2, the emergence rate, the germination vigor and the fresh weight are higher than those in comparative examples 1-2, the first leaf is thick and strong, the seedling emergence height is short, and excessive growth can be prevented.
Since the numerical ranges of the various process parameters involved in the present invention are not necessarily all represented in the above examples, one skilled in the art can fully envision that the present invention can be practiced with any number falling within the above numerical ranges, including any combination of specific values within the numerical ranges. Here, for the sake of brevity, the embodiment giving specific values in a certain numerical range or ranges is omitted, and this should not be construed as an insufficient disclosure of the technical solution of the present invention.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent replacement of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and perlite micropowder, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil to the vermiculite to the perlite micropowder is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5.
2. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 3.5-5: 2-3: 0.7-1.2.
3. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite and the perlite micropowder is 4:2:1: 1.
4. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, further comprising plant ash, wherein the volume ratio of the peat soil, the vermiculite, the perlite micropowder and the plant ash is 3-6: 1-4: 0.5-1.5: 0.05-0.2.
5. The substrate special for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a humidity of 28-30% and a bulk density of 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
6. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the peat soil has a particle size of less than 2mm and a volume weight of 0.1-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 85-90%.
7. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-2 mm, and the volume weight is 0.07-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
8. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the perlite has a particle size of 2-4 mm and a volume weight of 0.1-0.3 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-93%.
9. The special substrate for seedling culture according to claim 1, wherein the perlite micropowder has a particle size of 0.07-0.2 mm and a volume weight of 0.18-0.22 g/cm3The total porosity is 90-95%.
10. The preparation method of the special substrate for seedling culture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, dividing raw peat into peat blocks with the sizes of the bricks by using a bricklayer cutter, putting the peat blocks into a hammer mill one by one, rotating at 2000-3000 r/min, and obtaining uniform peat soil with the diameter and width of a screen mesh of 1.5-2 cm;
b, taking 30-60 parts of peat soil, 10-40 parts of vermiculite, 5-15 parts of perlite and 5-15 parts of perlite micro powder, sequentially pouring prepared perlite, vermiculite, perlite micro powder and peat soil into a stirrer, and ensuring correct raw material proportion before feeding;
starting the stirrer, stirring at the speed of 1000-2000 rpm for 10-20 minutes, stopping the stirrer, discharging, detecting the humidity of the matrix by using a hygrometer at 28-30%, and preferably kneading the matrix into a lump by hands, and loosening the dispersed matrix by hands; the volume weight of the matrix is 0.15-0.2 g/cm3The total porosity is 88-93%, and the pH of the leaching solution per unit volume of the matrix is 5.5-6.0.
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| CN111631113A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 南京中医药大学 | Soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza |
| CN113142035A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-23 | 塔里木大学 | Soilless culture method for tree-type tomatoes |
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