CN111631113A - Soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents
Soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention provides a soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza, which comprises nutrient solution (KNO of 810 mg/L)3945mg/L CaCl2208mg/L NH4H2PO4And 493mg/L of MgSO4·7H2O and trace elements) and a substrate. According to the invention, a large number of experimental screenings are carried out on the components and the concentration of the substrate and the nutrient solution, and the agronomic characters and physiological and biochemical indexes of the cultured salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are taken as judgment bases, so that visual analysis and comprehensive evaluation are carried out, a culture substrate and a good nutrient solution formula suitable for soilless seedling culture of salvia miltiorrhiza are screened out, the growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings can be promoted, and the culture efficiency is improved; the invention has low cost and good economic benefit, and is easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a culture medium, in particular to a soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza.
Background
For the medicinal materials needing seedling raising and transplanting, the quality of the seedlings is related to the quality and yield of the finally formed medicinal materials. The soilless seedling raising technology has the advantages of short seedling growth period, good root system development, uniform seedling robustness, short seedling revival time after transplantation, high survival rate and the like. Moreover, the soilless seedling culture is convenient for scientific and standardized management, and is suitable for industrial large-scale production. The most critical link in the soilless seedling culture is the selection of excellent nutrient solution. The breeding modes of the salvia miltiorrhiza are various, and the seedling transplanting mode has certain advantages in quality, yield and actual production process, so that the method is widely applied to salvia miltiorrhiza planting in various regions. Therefore, the research on the soilless seedling raising technology of the Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia militirhiza) selects an excellent nutrient solution formula, and has important significance for large-scale production of excellent Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
All of the nutrient solutions for seedling cultivation should contain essential nutrient elements for plants and appropriate EC values and pH values, and most of the currently available formulations are Hoagland, japan garden and kawasaki formulations and various nutrient solutions modified based on these formulations. In recent years, most researches on the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture are still refined and researched in the traditional soil seedling culture mode, and the research on the nutrient solution technology of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture without soil is rarely reported. The soilless seedling raising nutrient solution generally consists of macroelements and microelements, wherein the elements have complex interaction. The plants can absorb various elements actively and passively, so that the concentration and proportion of the external elements have great influence on the growth of the plants. Therefore, the invention screens the components and the concentration of the nutrient solution, takes the agronomic characters and physiological and biochemical indexes of the cultured salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings as judgment bases, carries out visual analysis and comprehensive evaluation, screens out an excellent nutrient solution formula suitable for the soilless seedling culture of salvia miltiorrhiza, and provides technical support for the industrialized production of high-quality salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the soilless seedling culture medium with scientific and reasonable proportion.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a soilless seedling culture medium for Salvia miltiorrhiza comprises nutrient solution and matrix;
the nutrient solution comprises KNO3、CaCl2、NH4H2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O and trace elements;
the substrate comprises grass peat, vermiculite and perlite.
Preferably, the soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza bunge comprises the following trace elements in concentration: 20mg/LFeSO4·7H2O，37.5mg/LNa2-EDTA，2.86mg/L H3BO31.44mg/L anhydrous MnSO4，0.22mg/L ZnSO4，0.08mg/LCuSO4·5H2O，0.02mg/L(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O。
Preferably, the soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza bunge comprises 810mg/L KNO3、
945mg/L CaCl2208mg/L NH4H2PO4And 493mg/L of MgSO4·7H2O。
According to a preferable scheme, the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite in the soilless seedling culture medium for the salvia miltiorrhiza is 9:3: 1.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the soilless seedling culture medium for the salvia miltiorrhiza has the following advantages:
(1) the invention firstly uses the salvia miltiorrhiza as a test object and carries out concentration ratio screening on the macroelements of the soilless seedling culture nutrient solution, thereby successfully obtaining the special nutrient solution for the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture with high quality, low price and low nitrate content. The nutrient solution has low nitrate content, simple components, special use for salvia miltiorrhiza, and low cost.
(2) According to the invention, the salvia miltiorrhiza is taken as a test object for the first time, the soilless seedling culture substrate is subjected to proportioning screening, and the high-quality and low-cost special substrate for the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture (turf, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 9:3: 1) is obtained through screening, and is more suitable for the growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza compared with a general substrate in the market.
(3) Compared with the culture material in the prior art, the special matrix for the salvia miltiorrhiza can promote the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings and improve the culture yield, and has the advantages of low cost, easy popularization and high economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the overall score estimation margin average for different levels of each factor.
Fig. 2 is a practical verification diagram of an optimal nutrient solution formula.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Example 1 screening experiment of soilless seedling culture nutrient solution
1. Test materials
The Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds with uniform size and high quality and no plant diseases and insect pests, which are produced in Shandong, are selected and identified and confirmed by professor of Chaojian nationality of Nanjing university of traditional Chinese medicine. KNO3、CaCl2、MgSO4·7H2O、NH4H2PO4、Na2-EDTA、H3BO3Anhydrous MnSO4、FeSO4·7H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、ZnSO4、(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2Both O and pure water are of AR grade, and the substrate is a general-purpose commodity.
1.2 test methods
The test adopts orthogonal design, the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are sown in a 162-hole white foam hole tray (34 x 66 x 5.3) taking 2-5mm vermiculite as a fixed substrate by adopting an artificial seeder according to a random block design method, pure water is sprayed until the seedling emergence is finished, and thinning is carried out, wherein one strain is in each hole.
After 2 days of seedling revival, 8 in every wednesday at noon: 00-9: 00 spraying nutrient solution, wherein each treatment corresponds to one plate, each treatment corresponds to 1500ml, the same management measures are adopted during the growth period of the whole seedling, and if the weather is hot and the water evaporation is fast, the nutrient solution is sprayed at an interval of 1d, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed in 9 am: and spraying pure water before 00 h. After 3 days of drought stress (without watering) in 2019-05-21 days, seedling raising is finished, sampling is carried out on each treatment group by adopting a five-point sampling method, 5 plants are sampled in each group, and repeated sampling is carried out for 3 times. And (3) performing preliminary production practice verification after analyzing to obtain an optimal nutrient solution formula, sowing the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds in a 162-hole white foam plug tray (34 x 66 x 5.3) filled with a universal commodity substrate by using a semi-automatic sowing machine, spraying clear water until all seedlings are basically emerged, and spraying the optimal nutrient solution in one group and spraying the optimal nutrient solution in the other group.
The mother liquid of the nutrient solution is prepared into A solution KNO3、CaCl2Solution B NH4H2PO4、MgSO4·7H2The O and C solutions are trace elements, are respectively concentrated by 100 times, diluted and mixed uniformly when used. The specific factor levels and formulation are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 nutrient solution factor level design (mg/L)
TABLE 2 general microelement list (mg/L)
TABLE 3 orthogonal test scheme for Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings (mg/L)
CK is a pure water treatment group,orthogonal table reference L9(34) There is no empty column orthogonal table.
1.3 measurement index and method
And (3) visual expression: take a picture
Growth indexes are as follows: randomly digging 5 complete salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings according to each treatment, washing the residual matrix with clear water, measuring the plant height, root length, stem thickness and root thickness by using a ruler and a vernier caliper, measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground and underground parts by using a balance, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight, and measuring the dry weight of the above-ground and underground parts.
And (3) measuring physiological and biochemical indexes: during sampling, the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling and the healthy mature leaves with petioles removed are taken, the root system is wrapped by tinfoil paper and marked, the activity of the root system is measured on the same day, and the rest samples are stored in a liquid nitrogen tank for a short time and then stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for standby. The content of soluble protein is determined by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue method, the content of soluble sugar is determined by adopting a phenol method, the activity of a root system is determined by adopting a TTC method, the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) is determined by adopting a thiobarbituric acid method, and the content of chlorophyll is determined by adopting an ethanol method.
1.4 statistical analysis
The test data are sorted by Excel 2019 and statistically analyzed by combining with SPSS 19.0.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of nutrient solution formula combination on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling growth index
As shown in Table 4, the maximum values of the fresh weight, the dry weight and the plant height of the aerial parts are group 1, which are respectively (0.43 +/-0.239) g, (0.07 +/-0.032) g and (4.68 +/-1.828) cm, and the rest is group 4 except the dry weight of the aerial parts, and the rest is group 5; the maximum dry weight values of the coarse root and underground parts are respectively group 3, which is (2.37 +/-0.429) mm and (0.03 +/-0.010) g, and then group 6; the maximum value (0.15 +/-0.071) g of the fresh weight of the underground part is group 6, and then group 3; the maximum (2.96 + -0.776) mm of stem thickness is group 4, followed by group 3; the two did not have significant difference, but both were significantly higher than the control group (ck). The reason for the inconsistency between the maximum groups of fresh weight and dry weight may be related to the difference in moisture content of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings. Group 7 had the worst agronomic traits and appeared markedly sick, indicating that it had weak self-regulating ability under drought stress, low resistance, with the rest of the treatments in between. The better salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings cultivated in 1, 6 and 3 groups can be seen by combining the occurrence frequency of the first two groups with corresponding agronomic characters and the visual expression of the seedlings.
TABLE 4 agronomic traits of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different nutrient solution formula combinations
Significance level α ═ 0.05, no identical letters represent significant differences
2.2 Effect of nutrient solution formula combination on physiological and biochemical indexes of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings
As can be seen from Table 5, the control group (CK) was at its maximum in soluble protein, MDA, soluble sugar content, and the carotenoid content was localized at group 2, and the root activity was the lowest except for group 7, which may be related to a physiological response of the control group to the growth retardation due to nutritional deficiency and to drought stress. The formula combination of the 9 nutrient solutions has the highest content of soluble protein in the group 9, namely (3.81 +/-0.145) mg/g, and has no significant difference with the groups 6, 7 and 8 (P)>0.05). The lowest in MDA content, group 4, (0.01. + -. 0.005) umol.g-1Is significant (P)<0.05) lower than groups 2, 1, 3, 6. Group 1 was the highest in soluble sugar content, being (62.38 + -12.663) mg/g, and was not significant (P) compared to group 2>0.05) significantly higher than the other groups. Group 1 was the highest in root activity, was (111.44 + -6.168) ug/g/h, and was not significantly different from group 4 (P)>0.05), group 7 has the lowest root activity performance under drought stress. No significant difference exists in the total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in 9 groups of nutrient solution combinations. Group 6 was the highest (0.15. + -. 0.043) mg/g in carotenoid content, and was not significantly different from groups 1, 3, 7, 9 (P)>0.05). From the analysis of the above results in combination with table 4 and fig. 1, it can be seen that the superior physiological and biochemical performance in the 9 groups of nutrient solution formula combinations is shown in groups 1 and 6 on the basis of the superior growth index.
TABLE 5 physiological and biochemical indexes of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different nutrient solution formula combinations
Significance level α ═ 0.05, no identical letters represent significant differences
2.3 screening optimal nutrient solution formula based on multi-index comprehensive grading method
And taking the weighted score after the agronomic characters and physiological and biochemical indexes are normalized (test index value/test index maximum value) as the final index of the comprehensive scoring method, and then respectively analyzing the optimal result of the nutrient solution formula combination and the optimal result of the nutrient solution orthogonal test. The weight of the experiment is calculated by an objective weighting method (entropy weight method). The weight coefficient is specifically that the chlorophyll a content is 0.09, the soluble protein content, the total chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll b content and the root length are 0.08, the MDA content, the soluble sugar content, the carotenoid content, the fresh weight of underground parts, the stem thickness and the dry weight of underground parts are 0.06, the root activity, the fresh weight of overground parts, the plant height, the root thickness and the dry weight of overground parts are 0.05, wherein the MDA content is a negative standard, and the higher the comprehensive score of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is, the better the comprehensive score is.
2.3.1 Effect of nutrient solution formula combination on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling comprehensive score
As can be seen from Table 6, the combination of 9 nutrient formula was 1>6>3>9>4>5>2>7>8 in order of magnitude of the composite score, wherein the significance of groups 1, 6, and 3 (P <0.01) was higher than that of groups 7 and 8, and the significance of groups 1 and 6 (P <0.05) was higher than that of groups 5, 2, 7, and 8. Therefore, in 9 groups of nutrient solution formulas, 1 and 6 groups with high quality are adopted, and the nutrient solution is consistent with growth and physiological and biochemical indexes.
TABLE 6 comprehensive score of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different nutrient solution formula combinations
2.3.2 orthogonal results analysis of nutrient solution formula combination composite scores
As can be seen from Table 7, the R and F range values show the primary and secondary order of the four factors as b>a>c>d, but significance of variance Sig shows that the change of the factor a with the level has significance on the comprehensive score of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings (P)<0.05), the factor b has extremely obvious effect (P) on the comprehensive score of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings along with the change of the level<0.01), and the influence of the c factor and the d factor on the comprehensive score of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings is not obvious along with the change of the level. Shows that in the nutrient solution components of the test, CaCl is contained2Has the greatest influence on the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings, and KNO3。
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the three levels of the a and c factors are 1>2>3 according to the size of the score values, the three levels of the b factors are 3>1>2 according to the size of the score values, and the three levels of the d factors are 1>3>2 according to the size of the score values. Wherein the level of the a factor 1 is extremely significant (P <0.01) and is higher than the level of 3, the level of the b factor 3 is extremely significant (P <0.01) and is higher than the level of 2, and the difference between the levels of the c factor and the d factor is not significant. From the above analysis, the theoretically optimal nutrient solution formula combination can be found as a1b3c1d 1.
TABLE 7 analysis of comprehensive scores of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings by orthogonal results
Example 2 screening of soilless seedling substrate for Salvia miltiorrhiza
Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia miliiorrhiza Bunge seeds which are produced in Shandong and have uniform size and high quality and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected, the germination rate is 40 percent, and the seeds are identified and confirmed by professor Chaojiangshi of Nanjing university of traditional Chinese medicine. Turf provided by Denmark Dendro Topo company, 3-6mm vermiculite, 2-5mm perlite and general commodity substrate
1.2 test methods
In the test, turf, vermiculite and perlite are prepared into different matrix formulas according to volume ratio by adopting orthogonal design, salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are sowed in 162-hole white foam hole trays (34 x 66 x 5.3) with different matrix formulas, one seed in each hole is used as a reference (CK) by using a general commodity matrix, each treatment tray is 3 trays, and the same management measures are adopted in the whole seedling growth period. The germination vigour of each treatment was observed by day 20 and the germination rate was observed by day 30. After seedling raising, sampling each treatment group by adopting a five-point sampling method, and repeating for 3 times. The specific factor levels and formulation are shown in Table 8 below.
TABLE 8 matrix factor level design (volume ratio)
| Grass peat | Vermiculite | Perlite |
| 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | 3 | 3 |
Table 9 matrix formulations orthogonal test protocol
CK as a general organic matrix for the control group, and L as a reference for the orthogonal table9(34) And (4) an orthogonal table.
1.3 measurement index and method
Physical properties of the matrix: measurement of volume weight: taking the cutting ring, filling with dry matrix, weighing, subtracting the cutting ring weight from the weight, and removingIn terms of the volume of the cutting ring. Determination of the porosity of the matrix: taking the volume of 100cm3The ring cutter of (4) was fastened at the bottom thereof with a bottom cap having no hole, and an air-dried matrix was charged from the upper portion thereof, and then a top cap having a hole was fastened and weighed (W1). The filling compactness of the matrix is close to the compactness of the matrix during seedling culture, a top cover with holes is arranged on the matrix, the cutting ring is placed into a water basin to be soaked for 24 hours, water on the outer surface of the cutting ring is wiped off by absorbent paper after the cutting ring is taken out, and the cutting ring is weighed immediately (W2). When soaking, the water level should be 2cm away from the top cover of the cutting ring, the weighed top cover with the hole of the cutting ring is downward, the cutting ring is placed upside down on the funnel and stands for 3h until no water seeps out, and the weight of the cutting ring is weighed (W3). Repeating the steps for 3-4 times. Total matrix porosity (%) ═ W2-W1; matrix air porosity (%) ═ W2-W3; matrix water retention porosity (%) -matrix total porosity (%) -matrix aeration porosity (%). Substrate pH, EC assay: air-dried matrix (mass) was mixed with deionized water (volume) at a ratio of 1: 5, taking the filtrate after 24 hours, and respectively measuring the pH value and the EC value by using a pH meter and an EC meter.
The chemical properties of the matrix are as follows: and detecting ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium of each matrix by adopting a soil nutrient tachymeter TPY-8A.
Germination test: germination percentage (%) — total number of germinated grains/number of test seeds × 100% (20 d); germination vigor (%) — number of germinated seeds/number of test seeds in a prescribed number of days × 100% (30 d).
Growth indexes are as follows: randomly digging 5 complete salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings according to each treatment, washing the residual matrix with clear water, measuring the plant height, root length, stem thickness and root thickness by using a ruler and a vernier caliper, measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground and underground parts by using a balance, deactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight, and measuring the dry weight of the above-ground and underground parts.
And (3) measuring physiological and biochemical indexes: during sampling, the root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling and the healthy mature leaves with petioles removed are taken, the root system is wrapped by tinfoil paper and marked, the activity of the root system is measured on the same day, and the rest samples are stored in a liquid nitrogen tank for a short time and then stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for standby. The content of soluble protein [17] is determined by adopting a Coomassie brilliant blue method, the content of soluble sugar is determined by adopting a phenol method, the activity of a root system is determined by adopting a TTC method, the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) is determined by adopting a thiobarbituric acid method, and the content of chlorophyll is determined by adopting an ethanol method.
1.4 statistical analysis
The experimental data are sorted through Excel 2019, statistical analysis is carried out on the data through SPSS 19.0, when the variances are uniform and the single-factor ANOVA shows that the variances are significant, LSDs are directly adopted for pairwise comparison, and when the variances are not uniform, the LSDs are adopted for pairwise comparison after the data are subjected to individual case ranking.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Germination rate and germination potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds under the combination of different matrix formulas
As can be seen from Table 10, the germination vigor is IX VIII II VII III IV I V VI CK in the descending order, the germination rate is IX VIII II I VII IV VI CK, the germination rate is IX VIII VI I VII V VI CK, the germination vigor (32.1%) and the germination rate (35.4%) of the IX group are the highest, and are 2.08 and 1.74 times of that of the CK group.
TABLE 10 germination percentage and germination potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds with different combinations of matrix formulations
| Index (I) | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | Ⅶ | Ⅷ | Ⅸ | CK |
| Vigor of germination | 23.5％ | 26.3％ | 24.9％ | 24.9％ | 22.9％ | 21.0％ | 25.7％ | 30.0％ | 32.1％ | 15.4％ |
| Germination rate | 30.0％ | 30.0％ | 27.2％ | 28.0％ | 27.6％ | 25.7％ | 28.2％ | 33.4％ | 35.4％ | 20.4％ |
2.2 growth index of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under the combination of different substrate formulas
As can be seen from Table 11, the maximum values of the fresh weight and the dry weight of the underground part are group VI, which are respectively (0.531 + -0.353) g and (0.123 + -0.095) g; group VIII had the largest root thickness of (3.017. + -. 0.88) mm; are all significant (p <0.05) higher than CK of the control group. The other three groups of the agronomic character middle-level front three are sequentially the fresh weight CK VI VII of the overground part, the height VIII CK VII of the plant, the root length IX VII CK, the stem thickness VI CK VIII and the dry weight VI VIII CK of the overground part, and under the condition that the three groups have no significant difference, the combination of the table 9 shows that the sequentially selected groups VII, VIII and VIII have lower cost. The corresponding growth indexes and the raw material cost are integrated, and the matrix of groups VI, VII and VIII is preferably used for seedling raising of the salvia miltiorrhiza.
TABLE 11 agronomic traits of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different combinations of matrix formulations
Significance level α is 0.05, no identical letters represent significant differences.
2.3 physiological and biochemical indexes of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling under the combination of different substrate formulas
As can be seen from Table 12, the soluble protein and soluble sugar content groups listed in the first three are IIIIII and III VIII, respectively; differences between the three groups were not significant, but were all significant (p <0.05) higher than the control group (CK), which was 1.24, 1.23, 1.21 and 1.99, 1.97, 1.84 fold higher, respectively. The control group is optimal in terms of MDA content, root activity and total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content, but the difference with the next two groups (VIII, IX), (VI, II), (VI, I) (II, VI) except the MDA content is not significant (p is more than 0.05). On the basis of the results obtained by the growth indexes, the matrix of the groups VI and VIII is better for raising the seedlings of the salvia miltiorrhiza.
TABLE 12 physiological and biochemical indexes of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different matrix formula combinations
Significance level α ═ 0.05, no identical letters represent significant differences.
2.4 screening of optimal substrate formula based on Multi-index comprehensive grading method
And taking the weighted score after the agronomic characters and physiological and biochemical indexes are normalized (test index value/test index maximum value) as the final index of the comprehensive scoring method, and then respectively analyzing the optimal result of the matrix formula combination and the optimal result of the matrix orthogonal test.
The weight of the experiment is calculated by an objective weighting method (entropy weight method). The weight coefficient is specifically that the content of soluble sugar and the dry weight of the overground part are 0.08, the dry weight of the fresh weight, the stem thickness and the underground part of the overground part and the underground part are 0.07, the root activity, the total chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll a content, the plant height, the root length and the root thickness are 0.06, the content of soluble protein, the MDA content, the carotenoid content and the chlorophyll b content are 0.05, wherein the MDA content is a negative standard, and the higher the comprehensive score of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling is, the better the comprehensive score is.
2.4.1 Effect of matrix formulation combination on Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling Complex score
As can be seen from Table 13, the 9 combinations of matrix formulations were successively ranked VI VIII VIIII IX VIII IIIIII IV by the magnitude of the composite scores, with the VI and VIII groups being significantly higher (P <0.01) than the V, II, III and IV groups and significantly higher (P <0.05) than the IX group. Therefore, in 9 groups of nutrient solution formulas, the high-quality groups VI and VIII are basically consistent with the results obtained by growth and physiological and biochemical indexes.
TABLE 13 comprehensive score of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings under different combinations of matrix formulas
2.4.2 orthogonal results analysis of matrix formulation combination composite scores
As can be seen from table 14, the extreme difference values R and F indicate that the primary and secondary sequences of grass peat, vermiculite and perlite are sequentially perlite > grass peat > vermiculite, but the significance of variance Sig indicates that the variation of perlite with level has a very significant (P <0.01) effect on the comprehensive score of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings, and the variation of grass peat and vermiculite with level has no significant effect on the comprehensive score of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings. The matrix components in the test show that perlite has the greatest influence on the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
The three levels of the grass carbon are grass carbon 9, grass carbon 6 and grass carbon 3 according to the value of the score, the three levels of the vermiculite are vermiculite 3, vermiculite 2 and vermiculite 1 according to the value of the score, and the three levels of the perlite are perlite 1, perlite 3 and perlite 2 according to the value of the score. Wherein the volume ratio of the perlite is very remarkable (P <0.01) when the volume ratio is 1, which is higher than the volume ratio of 2 and 3. From the above analysis, the theoretically optimal substrate formula combination turf can be obtained: vermiculite: the perlite is 9:3: 1.
TABLE 14 analysis of comprehensive score orthogonal results for Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings
Example 3 preliminary practical verification of optimal nutrient solution formulation
The salvia miltiorrhiza are cultured according to the optimal nutrient solution obtained by screening in the example 1 and the optimal substrate obtained by screening in the example 2, and as shown in the figure 2 (the left figure is ck, and the right figure is optimal nutrient solution treatment), the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings cultured by the optimal nutrient solution formula group are large in plants, dark green in color and vigorous in growth, and the plants of the clear water control group are short and small, yellow in color and weak in growth. The optimal nutrient solution formula screened by the test has better application effect.
Claims (4)
1. A soilless seedling culture medium for Salvia miltiorrhiza is characterized by comprising nutrient solution and a substrate;
the nutrient solution comprises KNO3、CaCl2、NH4H2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O and trace elements;
the substrate comprises grass peat, vermiculite and perlite.
2. The soilless seedling culture medium of salvia miltiorrhiza as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trace elements include the following concentrations of elements: 20mg/LFeSO4·7H2O，37.5mg/L Na2-EDTA，2.86mg/L H3BO31.44mg/L anhydrous MnSO4，0.22mg/L ZnSO4，0.08 mg/LCuSO4· 5H2O，0.02mg/L(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O。
3. The soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 2,
the nutrient solution comprises KNO of 810mg/L3945mg/L CaCl2208mg/L NH4H2PO4And 493mg/L of MgSO4·7H2O。
4. The soilless seedling culture medium for salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the grass carbon, the vermiculite and the perlite is 9:3: 1.
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