CN108076979B - Method for rapidly culturing large number of small-grain crop healthy and strong seedlings by using composite soil-based cultivation material - Google Patents
Method for rapidly culturing large number of small-grain crop healthy and strong seedlings by using composite soil-based cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly cultivating large quantities of small-grain crops to thrive seedlings by utilizing composite soil-based cultivation materials, which comprises the following steps of I, preparing a soil base A with a lower layer with higher water content by utilizing field soil and common irrigation water; II, constructing a 'soil base B' seedling culture environment with dry top and wet bottom by using the soil base in the step I; III, performing controllable sowing in the seedling raising environment in the step II; and IV, performing systematic seedling stage management after sowing, thereby quickly obtaining a large number of strong seedlings. The invention constructs a set of systematic seedling raising method capable of rapidly culturing a large number of sound seedlings, provides technical support for carrying out genome DNA extraction, chloroplast extraction, mitochondria extraction and small-grain crop hybrid purity identification, and simultaneously provides basic technical support for carrying out deep research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a simple cultivation soil base for large-scale small-grain crops and strong seedlings and a related cultivation method.
Background
In crop science research, seedlings are the subject of many experiments. For example, in basic research, extraction of genome DNA, chloroplast and mitochondria all require a large amount of high-quality seedling leaf tissue; in the application research of the popularization of the small-grain crop hybrid seeds such as the millet and the like, the purity of the hybrid seeds needs to be identified, however, in order to not delay the farming time and not influence the sowing in the next year, the purity identification of the hybrid seeds needs to be carried out in winter or early spring, namely in a room or a greenhouse with higher temperature, the current small-grain crop hybrid seeds such as the millet and the like mostly adopt two-line hybrid seeds, wherein a male parent-a restoring line resists one herbicide, the herbicide-resistant gene is obviously inherited, a female parent-a sterile line has certain self-maturing characteristic and does not resist the herbicide or resist the other herbicide, the resistance of the hybrid seeds to the herbicide is consistent with that of the restoring line or resists two herbicides simultaneously, therefore, the purity identification method of the small-grain crop two-line hybrid seeds is to spray the herbicide-resistant of the male parent in the 4-leaf stage of the seedling, kill the female parent seedling, namely the false hybrid, and then calculate the purity of the hybrid seeds by counting the proportion of the resistant seedlings, purity determination of hybrids also requires the cultivation of large numbers of seedlings. Therefore, how to cultivate a large number of healthy seedlings becomes one of the key links for success of various tests.
The current seedling culture method of small-grain crops mainly comprises a culture dish germination test method, a germination test method under a container soil moisture saturation state, sand culture germination seedling culture, container seedling culture, flowerpot seedling culture, seedling culture tray (hole sowing) seedling culture with vermiculite as a matrix, a nutrient solution, a nutrient soil seedling culture method and the like. In the seedling culture method, a culture dish germination method and a container soil moisture saturation germination test method are mainly used for measuring the germination rate of seeds, and seedlings after germination are thin and weak and can only meet the requirements of a small amount of tests on leaf tissues; the seedlings cultivated by the sand culture seedling method are weak and have poor quality, and can only meet the requirements of a small amount of tests; the container seedling method is a seedling method for cultivating seedlings of crops, fruit trees, flowers and trees by using a specific container, a commonly used seedling container is a nutrition pot filled with substrates such as nutrient-rich culture soil, and the like, and because the container is small in volume, the container seedlings are generally short in roots and shallow stems, root malformation is easy to form, the seedlings are small and weak, the seedling quantity is small, and the requirement of a test on a large number of seedlings cannot be met; as the matrix used for the flowerpot seedling culture and the seedling culture tray seedling culture is mostly vermiculite or nutrient soil, the area is small, the management is troublesome, a large quantity of high-quality sound seedlings are difficult to culture, the seedling culture medium can be used for a small amount of tests, and the requirements of the tests which need a large quantity of seedlings such as chloroplast, mitochondria extraction, purity identification and the like are difficult to meet; the nutrient solution seedling culture needs good equipment due to sufficient nutrient and oxygen supply, has high cost and high operation requirement, and is difficult to culture a large number of healthy and strong seedlings capable of meeting the test requirements.
Therefore, a seedling raising method capable of cultivating a large number of sound seedlings is urgently needed to be established, so that technical support is provided for carrying out extraction of genome DNA, extraction of chloroplasts, extraction of mitochondria and purity identification of small-grain crop hybrids, and basic technical support is also provided for carrying out deep research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a composite soil-based cultivation material for quickly cultivating large quantities of small-grain crops in a robust mode and a method for quickly cultivating large quantities of small-grain crops in a robust mode by using the cultivation material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The composite soil-based cultivation material for quickly cultivating the thriving seedlings of the small-grain crops in large quantity is prepared according to the following method:
A. preparation of "foundation soil a": firstly, taking field loam, spreading the loam in the open air, and air-drying the loam for 7 days to obtain 'foundation soil a' for raising seedlings by using a soil base;
B. preparation of "foundation soil b": spreading the basic soil a in a seedling box, filling water into the seedling box and stirring uniformly until the water content of the basic soil a reaches a saturated state, and settling and pouring out the excessive water on the surface layer to obtain basic soil b;
C. preparation of "soil base A": weighing the base soil b and the base soil a according to the proportion, then adding the base soil a into the base soil b and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil base A;
D. preparation of "soil base B": weighing the 'soil base A' and the 'base soil a' according to a proportion, finishing and flattening the 'soil base A', then spreading the 'base soil a' on the upper surface of the 'soil base A', standing until the 'base soil a' is stably feathered to obtain 'soil base B', and finally preparing the seedling raising soil with dry top and wet bottom.
In the step C, the weight part ratio of the basic soil b to the basic soil a in the soil base A is (1.5-2) to 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (1.5-3.5): 1.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil foundation A is 1.5: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (2.5-3.0): 1.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil foundation A is 2: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (1.5-3.5): 1.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil foundation A is 2: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is 2.5: 1.
The method for rapidly culturing large quantities of small-grain crops of healthy and strong seedlings by using the composite soil-based cultivation material comprises the following steps:
i, preparing a soil base A with a lower layer with higher water content by using base soil a and common irrigation water;
II, constructing a 'soil base B' seedling culture environment with dry top and wet bottom by using the soil base in the step I;
III, performing controllable sowing in the seedling raising environment in the step II;
and IV, performing systematic seedling stage management after sowing, thereby quickly obtaining a large number of strong seedlings.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step I comprises the following sub-steps:
i-1, selection and treatment of soil base: selecting fertile field loam, spreading in the open air, and air-drying for 7 days to obtain 'base soil a' serving as a seedling culture substrate;
i-2, selecting a seedling raising box: selecting a seed turnover box with the length, width and height of 40-60cm, 30-50cm and 10-30cm respectively or other upper opening boxes with the same size and the same upper and lower calibers as seedling raising boxes according to the required amount of seedlings;
i-3, preparing base soil b with saturated base moisture: flatly paving the 'foundation soil a' prepared in the step I-1 in a seedling box, wherein the thickness is 3-5cm, then filling water into the seedling box and uniformly stirring until the water content of the soil reaches a saturated state, fully precipitating and pouring out excessive water on the surface layer of the soil base to store enough water on the base part to obtain 'foundation soil b';
i-4, preparing a soil base A with a lower layer with higher water content: according to the proportion of the foundation soil b: adding the base soil a into the base soil b prepared in the step I-3 according to 2 proportions of 1.5:1 and 2.0:1, and uniformly stirring to prepare the soil base A.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the specific operation method of the step II comprises the following steps: determining the proportion of covering the 'foundation soil a' on the 'foundation A' according to the water requirement rule of the small-grain crop germination and the water content of the 'foundation A' at the bottom, standing for 2 hours, and enabling the upper layer to have a certain water content as the water in the 'foundation A' at the bottom continuously returns to the 'foundation soil a' at the upper layer and wets the 'foundation soil a' at the upper layer; the preparation method specifically comprises the following two proportioning modes:
II-1 and 'soil base A' medium foundation soil b: when the base soil a is 1.5:1, the upper layer is as follows: covering the foundation soil a with 2.5:1 or 3.0:1, standing for 2 hours to obtain a soil foundation B;
II-2 and 'soil base A' middle base soil b: when the foundation soil a is 2:1, the upper layer is formed according to the ratio of the foundation soil b: the foundation soil a was covered with 1.5:1, 2.0:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1 and 3.5:1 and left for 2 hours to obtain a "soil base B".
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step III comprises the following sub-steps:
III-1, cutting 2-4 rows of small ditches in each box by using a small stick, and uniformly sowing seeds at 80-120 grains/row;
III-2, after sowing, covering the sowing ditch flat by using 'foundation soil a', lightly beating the surface layer of the soil base by hands to ensure that the soil base of the seed box is tightly combined as much as possible, placing the seed box in a greenhouse or a growth room, and directly placing the seed box outdoors in late spring, summer or early autumn.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the step IV comprises the following sub-steps:
IV-1, after seedling emergence, spraying water quantitatively by using a small spraying pot every 3 days and 8-10 am according to the growth vigor of the grain seedlings, and supplementing 1-2 liters of water to each seedling box every time so as to prevent the upper soil foundation from drying and cracking and ensure the sound growth of the grain seedlings;
IV-2, 4 leaf stage, the leaf can be used for extracting genetic material, or spraying medicine to identify the purity of hybrid;
and IV-3 and 5-leaf stages, dissolving urea into water according to the fertilizing concentration of adding 10 g of urea into 1.5 liters of water, and applying the urea into a seedling box along with water supplement to obtain healthy and strong seedlings.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the invention constructs a systematic seedling culture method capable of rapidly culturing a large number of sound seedlings, provides technical support for carrying out genome DNA extraction, chloroplast extraction, mitochondria extraction and small-grain crop hybrid purity identification, and also provides basic technical support for carrying out deep research.
On one hand, according to the water absorption rule of crops, the invention creates an environment condition which is beneficial to the robust growth of seedlings and ensures that the seedlings can grow healthily, wherein the lower substrate has higher moisture content and the upper substrate has lower moisture content, and the environment condition is beneficial to the rolling and water absorption of crop root systems; meanwhile, according to the fact that soil contains all nutrients needed by crop growth, particularly seedling growth, and has good water retention capacity, soil is used as a matrix, and the soil is more beneficial to quick and healthy growth of crop seedlings than vermiculite, nutrient soil, water and other matrixes, and is also more beneficial to cultivation of a large number of healthy and strong seedlings.
The inventor project group successfully carries out the cultivation of millet seedlings by using the method provided by the invention, and the test and trial effects are very outstanding (the test example is shown in the following specific implementation mode), thereby laying a solid foundation for carrying out related researches such as genetic material extraction and millet two-line hybrid purity identification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of 4, 6 and 8 leaves of the millet cultivated by the method of the present invention in the example; in the figure, the growth vigor of the 4-leaf stage, the growth vigor of the 6-leaf stage and the growth vigor of the 8-leaf stage are shown from left to right.
FIG. 2 is the comparison between the growth of the millet cultivated by the method of the present invention and the growth of the grass peat and the nutrition seedling in the 8-leaf stage in the example; in the figure, the method, the grass peat seedling method, the nutrient soil seedling method and the method of the invention for 8-leaf stage growth are sequentially arranged from the lowest row to the left.
FIG. 3 shows the effect comparison of simple soil-based seedling with grass peat and nutrient soil seedling at different proportions in the 8-leaf stage.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail. The raw materials and various devices used in the invention are conventional commercially available products, and can be directly obtained by market purchase.
All the grain seeds used in the embodiment are Ji grain 32 seeds cultivated by professor in Liu Zheng theory; all the used base soil is loam and is taken from a test field of a Tangshan faculty and academy of education at one time; the water used is common tap water; the urea is purchased from the agricultural treasury market, and the contrast is the turfy soil and the nutrient soil which are purchased from the flower market; the soil is dried by adopting a weighing method: recording the wet weight M of the soil sample, drying the soil sample in an oven at 105 ℃ for 6-8 hours until the soil sample is constant in weight, then measuring the soil sample, recording the dry weight Ms of the soil sample,
plant and root drying method plants and roots were dried in an oven (first de-enzymed at 1050C for 0.5 hours and then transferred to 800C to a constant weight (approximately 24 hours)).
Example 1 preparation of a lower, higher moisture content soil base.
(1) Selecting a soil base and measuring the water content of the base soil: selecting relatively fertile loam from a test field of a Tangshan academy of education as seedling culture base soil; spreading in the open air, and air-drying for 7 days for soil-based seedling culture; and repeatedly sampling for 3 times, and determining that the average water content of the 'foundation soil a' is 6.84% by adopting a drying method.
(2) Selecting a seedling raising box: a seed turnover box with the length of 50cm, the width of 40cm and the height of 20cm is selected as a seedling box.
(3) Preparation of base moisture saturated "base soil b": and (3) paving the foundation soil prepared in the step (1) in a seedling box to be 3-5cm thick (the specific thickness is determined according to the proportion of the added foundation soil a), then filling water into the seedling box, continuously stirring the foundation soil and the water by using a wood stick to ensure that the water content of the soil foundation is in a uniform state, settling the foundation soil for 15 minutes after the water content of the foundation soil foundation reaches a saturated state, pouring out excessive water on the surface layer of the soil foundation, and storing enough water of the foundation soil to obtain 'foundation soil b'.
(4) Preparing the soil base A with higher water content in the lower layer and measuring the water content: according to the formula of' foundation soil b: adding the base soil a into the base soil b prepared in the step (3) according to 8 proportions of 0.5:1, 1.0:1, 1.5:1, 2.0:1, 3.5:1 and 4.0:1, and uniformly stirring to prepare the soil base A. After the soil base A is prepared, the water content of the soil base A is determined by 3 times of repeated sampling and drying, and the water content of the soil base A in each proportion is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water content (%) "Earth group A" in various proportions
| Code number | And (b) base soil: foundation soil a | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Average |
| 1 | 0.5:1 | 23.15 | 29.84 | 23.53 | 25.51 |
| 2 | 1.0:1 | 48.37 | 49.35 | 48.00 | 48.58 |
| 3 | 1.5:1 | 58.14 | 58.94 | 57.92 | 58.33 |
| 4 | 2.0：1 | 63.54 | 62.96 | 63.56 | 63.35 |
| 5 | 2.5:1 | 70.51 | 69.11 | 70.80 | 70.14 |
| 6 | 3.0:1 | 76.84 | 76.62 | 77.25 | 76.90 |
| 7 | 3.5:1 | 78.28 | 78.68 | 77.95 | 78.30 |
| 8 | 4.0:1 | 79.21 | 80.28 | 80.01 | 79.83 |
Example 2 preparation of a seedling growing environment with dry top and wet bottom.
(1) Preparing the soil base B with lower water content of the upper layer and measuring the water content: continuing to obtain the basic soil b: the foundation soil a is paved on the soil foundation A according to the proportion of 0.5:1, 1.0:1, 1.5:1, 2.0:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1 and 4.0:1 respectively, and then is kept stand for 2 hours after being paved to prepare a series of soil foundations B.
(2) Thus, the seedling substrate ' soil base B ' with dry top and wet bottom is successfully prepared, wherein the lower ' soil base A ' comprises ' base soil B: the foundation soil a is respectively treated by 8 treatments of 0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2.0:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1 and 4.0:1, and the code numbers are respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8; the mode of covering soil on each ' soil foundation A ' comprises ' foundation soil b: the proportion of the soil base B in 64 is 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, … …, 86, 87 and 88. Then, random sampling is repeated for 3 times from the surface layer of the soil matrix B, and the water content of the surface layer of the soil matrix B is measured, and the specific measurement result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Water content (%) of surface layer of "soil base B" in various proportions
Example 3, sowing manner.
(1) 3 rows of furrows were made in each box with a small stick, and the seeds were sown evenly at 100 seeds/row (i.e. 300 seeds per box), 3 boxes were planted per treatment.
(2) After sowing, the sowing small ditch is covered flatly by using 'foundation soil a', the surface layer of the soil base is lightly tapped by hands, so that the soil base of the seed box is tightly combined as much as possible, and the test is carried out in 8 months in 2017 and is directly placed outdoors.
Example 4, seedling management method.
(1) After seedling emergence, water is quantitatively sprayed once by a small spraying pot every 3 days at about 9 am according to the growth condition of the rice seedlings, and each seedling box is supplemented with 1.5 liters of water every time so as to prevent the upper soil matrix from drying and cracking and ensure the vigorous growth of the rice seedlings.
(2) And respectively taking 40 rice seedlings to measure the fresh weight, the dry weight, the root length and the dry weight of the rice seedlings in each treatment of the 4-leaf stage, the 6-leaf stage and the 8-leaf stage.
(3) The optimal proportion of each layer of soil and the water content standard of each step are determined by comparing the indexes of dry plant weight, dry root weight, root length and the like, and the emergence condition and the seedling growth vigor of each treatment are shown in tables 3, 4, 5 and 6.
TABLE 3 emergence of seedlings after sowing in each series of base soil proportions
TABLE 4 growth of seedlings in 4-leaf stage with normal seedling emergence of each series of base soil
TABLE 5 growth of seedlings in 6-leaf stage with normal seedling emergence of each series of base soil
TABLE 6 growth of 8-leaf stage seedlings with normal seedling emergence of each series of base soil
(4) The research result shows that: the root-crown ratio is a main index for judging whether seedlings are strong, and the weight of dry matters on the overground part is used as the next index, so that the two results are integrated: the series proportion of '26, 27, 35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 63, 64, 73, 74 and 82' 17 is suitable for cultivating millet seedlings, wherein 7 proportion of '35, 36, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47' is suitable for cultivating strong seedlings.
The No. 45 mixture ratio has outstanding advantages in all aspects, and has wide popularization and application values as a preferred recommended soil breeding formula.
The above description is only presented as an enabling solution for the present invention and should not be taken as a sole limitation on the solution itself.
Claims (9)
1. The composite soil-based cultivation material for quickly cultivating strong seedlings of small-grain crops in large quantities is characterized in that: the cultivation material is prepared by the following method:
A. preparation of "foundation soil a": firstly, taking field loam, spreading the loam in the open air, and air-drying the loam for 7 days to obtain 'foundation soil a' for raising seedlings by using a soil base;
B. preparation of "foundation soil b": spreading the basic soil a in a seedling box, filling water into the seedling box and stirring uniformly until the water content of the basic soil a reaches a saturated state, and settling and pouring out the excessive water on the surface layer to obtain basic soil b;
C. preparation of "soil base A": weighing the base soil b and the base soil a according to the proportion, then adding the base soil a into the base soil b and uniformly stirring to obtain a soil base A;
D. preparation of "soil base B": weighing a soil base A and base soil a according to a proportion, finishing and flattening the soil base A, then spreading the base soil a on the upper surface of the soil base A, standing until the base soil a is stably feathered to obtain a soil base B, and completing preparation of seedling raising soil with dry top and wet bottom;
in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil base A is (1.5-2) to 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (1.5-3.5): 1; the "foundation soil a" in the step D is the "foundation soil a" which is covered on the "soil foundation A" in the process of preparing the "soil foundation B".
2. The composite soil base compost according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil foundation A is 1.5: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (2.5-3.0): 1.
3. The composite soil base compost according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil base A is 2: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is (1.5-3.5): 1.
4. The composite soil base compost according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil b to the foundation soil a in the soil base A is 2: 1; meanwhile, in the soil base B obtained in the step D, the weight part ratio of the foundation soil B to the foundation soil a is 2.5: 1.
5. The method for rapidly culturing the strong seedlings of the small-grain crops in large quantity by using the composite soil-based cultivation material of claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
i, preparing a soil base A with a lower layer with higher water content by using base soil a and common irrigation water;
II, constructing a 'soil base B' seedling culture environment with dry top and wet bottom by using the soil base in the step I;
III, performing controllable sowing in the seedling raising environment in the step II;
and IV, performing systematic seedling stage management after sowing, thereby quickly obtaining a large number of strong seedlings.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the step I comprises the following sub-steps:
i-1, selection and treatment of soil base: selecting fertile field loam, spreading in the open air, and air-drying for 7 days to obtain 'base soil a' serving as a seedling culture substrate;
i-2, selecting a seedling raising box: selecting a seed turnover box with the length, width and height of 40-60cm, 30-50cm and 10-30cm respectively or other upper opening boxes with the same size and the same upper and lower calibers as seedling raising boxes according to the required amount of seedlings;
i-3, preparing base soil b with saturated base moisture: flatly paving the 'foundation soil a' prepared in the step I-1 in a seedling box, wherein the thickness is 3-5cm, then filling water into the seedling box and uniformly stirring until the water content of the soil reaches a saturated state, fully precipitating and pouring out excessive water on the surface layer of the soil base to store enough water on the base part to obtain 'foundation soil b';
i-4, preparing a soil base A with a lower layer with higher water content: according to the proportion of the foundation soil b: adding the base soil a into the base soil b prepared in the step I-3 according to 2 proportions of 1.5:1 or 2.0:1, and uniformly stirring to prepare the soil base A.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the specific operation method of the step II comprises the following steps: determining the proportion of covering the 'foundation soil a' on the 'foundation A' according to the water requirement rule of the small-grain crop germination and the water content of the 'foundation A' at the bottom, standing for 2 hours, and enabling the upper layer to have a certain water content as the water in the 'foundation A' at the bottom continuously returns to the 'foundation soil a' at the upper layer and wets the 'foundation soil a' at the upper layer; the preparation method specifically comprises the following two proportioning modes:
II-1 and 'soil base A' medium foundation soil b: when the foundation soil a =1.5:1, the upper layer is as follows: covering the foundation soil a =2.5:1 or 3.0:1 with the foundation soil a, and standing for 2 hours to obtain a soil foundation B;
II-2 and 'soil base A' middle base soil b: when the foundation soil a =2:1, the upper layer is as follows: covering the foundation soil a =1.5:1 or 2.0:1 or 2.5:1 or 3.0:1 or 3.5:1 with the foundation soil a, and standing for 2 hours to obtain the soil foundation B.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein: step III comprises the following sub-steps:
III-1, cutting 2-4 rows of small ditches in each box by using a small stick, and uniformly sowing seeds at 80-120 grains/row;
III-2, after sowing, covering the sowing ditch flat by using 'foundation soil a', lightly beating the surface layer of the soil base by hands to ensure that the soil base of the seed box is tightly combined as much as possible, placing the seed box in a greenhouse or a growth room, and directly placing the seed box outdoors in late spring, summer or early autumn.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein: step IV comprises the following sub-steps:
IV-1, after seedling emergence, spraying water quantitatively by using a small spraying pot every 3 days and 8-10 am according to the growth vigor of the grain seedlings, and supplementing 1-2 liters of water to each seedling box every time so as to prevent the upper soil foundation from drying and cracking and ensure the sound growth of the grain seedlings;
IV-2, 4 leaf stage, the leaf can be used for extracting genetic material, or spraying medicine to identify the purity of hybrid;
and IV-3 and 5-leaf stages, dissolving urea into water according to the fertilizing concentration of adding 10 g of urea into 1.5 liters of water, and applying the urea into a seedling box along with water supplement to obtain healthy and strong seedlings.
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