CN105638301A - Seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as main raw material and preparation method of seedling culturing matrix - Google Patents
Seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as main raw material and preparation method of seedling culturing matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638301A CN105638301A CN201610035149.2A CN201610035149A CN105638301A CN 105638301 A CN105638301 A CN 105638301A CN 201610035149 A CN201610035149 A CN 201610035149A CN 105638301 A CN105638301 A CN 105638301A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling culturing matrix with straw fermentation matter as the main raw material. The seedling culturing matrix is prepared from, by volume, 50-80 parts of straw fermentation matter, 5-15 parts of vermiculite, 3-12 parts of perlite, 15-25 parts of vegetable garden soil, 10-20 parts of plant ash, 5-20 parts of turf and 2-5 parts of charcoal, wherein the straw fermentation matter is formed through thorough decomposition and fermentation of straw. The invention further provides a preparation method of the seedling culturing matrix with the straw fermentation matter as the main raw material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant husbandry technical field, particularly relate to a kind of seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material and its preparation method.
Background technology
Batch production non-soil culture is the development trend of current nursery industry, is approved by many agricultural aspect knowledgeable people gradually. More seedling matrix material is used to have peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, bagasse, mushroom slag, grit and haydite etc. at present. Wherein rock wool and peat are most widely used general in the whole world, are the comparatively ideal cultivation matrixes generally acknowledged in the world. But along with using in a large number year by year, its negative effect bringing to society and ecotope also becomes clear day by day, on the one hand due to rock wool non-degradable, a large amount of use brings secondary pollution to environment; On the other hand, peat is non-renewable resource, and excessive exploitation has the danger of exhaustion; Therefore, seek and excavate the excellent novel seedling medium that inexpensive, the alternative rock wool of being easy to get etc. pollutes row material and become one of current researcher research focus.
Develop the organic seedling raising matrixes such as coconut fiber, bark, wood sawdust abroad, not only can significantly reduce cultivation cost, and decrease the pollution to environment. Matrix research is started late by China, and " gather materials on the spot, research and development of suiting measures to local conditions " has become common recognition, as strengthened being studied by the reasonable employment after charred rice husk on the south the Changjiang river; Slag is strengthened in North China, and coordinates the research that the material mixing such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, sawdust use; The research to the peat composed of rotten mosses, sawdust etc. is strengthened in northeast; The research etc. to sand culture technology is then strengthened in great Northwest. And in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan one band have studied and obtain bigger popularization with seedling medium products such as perlite, vermiculite, the peats composed of rotten mosses with suiting measures to local conditions. Great successes are achieved at grow seedlings of vegetable, flower seedling raising, forest seedling nursing, seedling cultivation of rice etc.
China is large agricultural country, and all kinds of agricultural straw resource is very abundant, and the stalk total amount that China produces every year according to statistics is more than 700,000,000 tons, but the overwhelming majority is not reasonably utilized. In recent years, owing to rural household's life fuel falls sharply, straw directly returning to field, decomposition into field technology are immature, and field directly burning amount is big, and the whole nation about has the stalk of 70% directly to be burned every year. What utilize after technical finesse in all stalks only accounts for 2.6%. This not only wastes resource, contaminate environment, and reduces land fertility, and aggravation soil compaction, affects social production and people's lives, and become a serious and general economy and social concern.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material and its preparation method, thus can be applicable to the relevant field of nursery.
The present invention provides a kind of seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material, it comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: it comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts and charcoal 2��5 parts, wherein said stalk fermentation thing ferments and become for adopting stalk to become thoroughly decomposed.
Wherein, described stalk is at least one in rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalks and rape straw.
Wherein, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is preferably as follows: described stalk fermentation thing 55��70 parts, vermiculite 5��10 parts, perlite 5��8 parts, rural area soil 15��20 parts, plant ash 10��15 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10��20 parts, charcoal 2��3 parts.
Wherein, described seedling medium also comprises Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, the compound that described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
Wherein, the addition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.5 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing.
A preparation method for seedling medium, it comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation of being become thoroughly decomposed by stalk obtains stalk fermentation thing;
(2) prepare raw material according to following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts, charcoal 2��5 parts, and each raw material is mixed.
Further, step is also comprised (3): add containing the solution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and after mixing again after step is (2), the compound that wherein said Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
Wherein, the digest process of described stalk is specially:
(1) to stalk spray water, until soaking into;
(2) spray urea and stalk to waterlogged stalk to become thoroughly decomposed agent, it is 1%��2% that the quality of wherein said urea accounts for the per-cent of the quality of described stalk, described stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed the per-cent of quality that the quality of agent accounts for described stalk for being 2%��4%, the agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described stalk is the mixed strains of Trichoderma atroviride and subtilis, living bacteria count > 200,000,000/g
(3) the stalk plastic cloth that step (2) obtains is covered, became thoroughly decomposed through 35 days��50 days, then be crushed to 3 millimeters��5 millimeters.
Compared to prior art, seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material of the present invention has the following advantages: first, using stalk by become thoroughly decomposed fermentation and as the main raw material of seedling medium, make the value maximization of stalk, take full advantage of this agricultural resource of stalk, avoid contaminate environment, improve soil fertility simultaneously, avoid soil compaction, solve the difficult problem that existing stalk is difficult to process; 2nd, by adding vermiculite, the physico-chemical property such as Bao Shui that perlite, rural area soil, plant ash, the peat composed of rotten mosses and charcoal regulate described seedling medium, fertilizer conservation, ventilation property, and provide best growth conditions to botanical seedling culturing; 3rd, by adding Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium further, supplement a certain proportion of n-p-k element can to described seedling medium, be conducive to growing up healthy and sound of seedling in seedling raising process. The preparation method of this seedling medium is simple, and preparation efficiency height, is easy to industrialization.
Embodiment
It is clearly and completely described to the technical scheme in embodiment of the present invention below, it is clear that described enforcement mode is only the present invention's part enforcement mode, instead of whole enforcement modes. Based on the enforcement mode in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other enforcement modes all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material. This seedling medium comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts, and charcoal 2��5 parts. Described stalk fermentation thing ferments and become for adopting stalk to become thoroughly decomposed. Namely described stalk fermentation thing is through the stalk reaching innoxious after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed completely.
Described seedling medium also can comprise Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. The compound that described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile. The addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
Described stalk is at least one in rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalks and rape straw.
In order to make the performances such as seedling medium unit Bao Shui, fertilizer conservation, ventilation property more excellent, more it is of value to nursery, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is preferably as follows: described stalk fermentation thing 55��70 parts, vermiculite 5��10 parts, perlite 5��8 parts, rural area soil 15��20 parts, plant ash 10��15 parts, charcoal 2��3 parts, the addition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.5 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of a kind of seedling medium, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation of being become thoroughly decomposed by stalk obtains stalk fermentation thing;
(2) prepare raw material according to following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts, charcoal 2��5 parts, and each raw material is mixed.
Further, after step (2), also comprise step (3): add the solution containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again and mix. The compound that wherein said Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile, and the addition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
The physico-chemical property parameter of described seedling medium is: relative water content��35%, organic content >=35%, total nutrient 1��4.5%, unit weight 0.15g/cm3��0.40g/cm3, total porosity 60%��75%, water-holding pore porosity >=45, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 0.1mS/cm��1.2mS/cm, pH5.5��8.0. This EC value refers to soluble salt concentration.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the seedling medium taking stalk fermentation thing as main raw material of the present invention and its preparation method are described:
Embodiment 1��9
The stalk selecting different sorts and proportioning according to table 1 ferments.
The digest process of stalk is specially:
(1) stalk being used for fermenting is piled wide, height and it is respectively 3 meters��5 meters, 1.5 meters��3m, the haystack that length is not limit;
(2) lay a spray irrigation band stalk to carry out water filling at the haystack top piled or directly uses water pump to carry out water filling, it is necessary to ensure haystack to lower saturated with water all;
(3) after stalk saturated with water, urea evenly is sprayed and stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed agent at haystack top, then continue evenly to spray the agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of a small amount of water to urea and stalk to dissolve completely, it is 1%��2% that the quality of wherein said urea accounts for the per-cent of the quality of described stalk, described stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed the per-cent of quality that the quality of agent accounts for described stalk for being 2%��4%, the agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described stalk is the mixed strains of Trichoderma atroviride and subtilis, living bacteria count > 200,000,000/g;
(4) undertaken covering and compacting surrounding by whole haystack with plastic cloth, can complete to become thoroughly decomposed through 35 days��50 days;
(5) use size reduction machinery that crushed stalk to 3 millimeter��5 millimeter are for subsequent use to do after having become thoroughly decomposed.
Stalk fermentation thing obtained above and vermiculite, perlite, rural area soil, plant ash, the peat composed of rotten mosses and charcoal are fully mixed according to the ratio of following table 2. And add the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium aqueous solution of dissolving, obtain seedling medium. Wherein taking this stalk fermentation thing as benchmark, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium presses 0.5kg/m3Amount add, the commercially available common compound that described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 15-15-15 is fertile.
The kind of stalk and proportioning in stalk fermentation thing in table 1 embodiment 1��9
The proportioning of each raw material of seedling medium in table 2 embodiment 1��9
By select different types of seed soak seed in the warm water of 50 DEG C��55 DEG C and constantly stir be cooled to normal temperature. Then illumination box vernalization is put into clean wet cloth parcel. Selecting after 3 days��5 days and germinate consistent planting seed in 32 hole dishes, the nutrition soil of skim is also covered in one, every cave. Liquid manure is seedling management routinely. During management, every day adds up seedling rate, and seedling four leaf wholeheartedly (cucumber two leaf is wholeheartedly) time measure that stem is thick, strain height, ground and underground are done, fresh heavy and statistical computation plant percentage of germination and seedling rate.
Concrete, adopt the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 to carry out pepper seedling raising, concrete outcome is in table 3 and table 4. Wherein in table 3 and table 4, CK represents and adopts common commercially available seedling medium to carry out nursery, for contrast.
Table 3 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 to carry out the number of emerging of pepper seedling raising
| Emerge number | 1d | 2d | 3d | 4d | 5d | 6d | 7d | 8d | 9d | 10d | 11d | 12d |
| Embodiment 1 | 5 | 11 | 17 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 27 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 |
| Embodiment 3 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Embodiment 4 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Embodiment 5 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 29 |
| Embodiment 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 25 | 26 |
| Embodiment 7 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Embodiment 8 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 23 |
| Embodiment 9 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 22 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
| CK | 5 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Table 4 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 to carry out the test result of pepper seedling raising
From table 3 and table 4, it can be seen that the effect that the seedling medium of embodiment 2,3,4 is used for pepper seedling raising is all better than commercially available seedling medium, there is excellent DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
Adopting the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 to carry out tomato seedling, concrete outcome is in table 5 and table 6. Wherein in table 5 and table 6, CK represents and adopts common commercially available seedling medium to carry out nursery, for contrast.
Table 5 adopts the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 to carry out the number of emerging of tomato seedling
Table 6 adopts the test result that the seedling medium of embodiment 1��9 carries out tomato seedling and obtain
From table 5 and table 6, it can be seen that the effect that the seedling medium of embodiment 4,5,7 is used for tomato seedling is all better than commercially available seedling medium, there is excellent DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is noted that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. one kind taking stalk fermentation thing as the seedling medium of main raw material, it is characterized in that, it comprises the raw material of following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts and charcoal 2��5 parts, wherein said stalk fermentation thing ferments and become for adopting stalk to become thoroughly decomposed.
2. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that, described stalk is at least one in rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalks and rape straw.
3. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described seedling medium, the volume proportion of each raw material is preferably as follows: described stalk fermentation thing 55��70 parts, vermiculite 5��10 parts, perlite 5��8 parts, rural area soil 15��20 parts, plant ash 10��15 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 10��20 parts, charcoal 2��3 parts.
4. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seedling medium also comprises Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, the compound that described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
5. a seedling medium as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that, the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is 0.5 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing.
6. a preparation method for seedling medium, it comprises the following steps:
(1) fermentation of being become thoroughly decomposed by stalk obtains stalk fermentation thing;
(2) prepare raw material according to following volume proportion: stalk fermentation thing 50��80 parts, vermiculite 5��15 parts, perlite 3��12 parts, rural area soil 15��25 parts, plant ash 10��20 parts, the peat composed of rotten mosses 5��20 parts, charcoal 2��5 parts, and each raw material is mixed.
7. the preparation method of a seedling medium as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that, the digest process of described stalk is specially:
(a) to stalk spray water, until soaking into;
B () is sprayed urea and stalk to waterlogged stalk and is become thoroughly decomposed agent, it is 1%��2% that the quality of wherein said urea accounts for the per-cent of the quality of described stalk, described stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed the per-cent of quality that the quality of agent accounts for described stalk for being 2%��4%, the agent of becoming thoroughly decomposed of described stalk is the mixed strains of Trichoderma atroviride and subtilis, living bacteria count > 200,000,000/g;
C stalk plastic cloth that step (b) is obtained by () covers, and becomes thoroughly decomposed through 35 days��50 days, then is crushed to 3 millimeters��5 millimeters.
8. the preparation method of a seedling medium as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, step is also comprised (3): add the solution containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium again and mix after step is (2), the compound that wherein said Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is at least two kinds of elements containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is fertile, and the addition of described Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is every cubic metre, 0.2 kilogram every cubic metre stalk fermentation thing��0.5 kilogram stalk fermentation thing.
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