CN102701869A - Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor - Google Patents
Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102701869A CN102701869A CN2012102157696A CN201210215769A CN102701869A CN 102701869 A CN102701869 A CN 102701869A CN 2012102157696 A CN2012102157696 A CN 2012102157696A CN 201210215769 A CN201210215769 A CN 201210215769A CN 102701869 A CN102701869 A CN 102701869A
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Abstract
The invention discloses crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and a preparation method of the crop straw leach liquor, belonging to the field of fertilization of biofertilizer. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises three parts, namely material selection, preparation process selection and quality index selection; the method for fertilizing the crop straw leach liquor comprises parameter selection of fertilizing condition, fertilizing time and fertilizing amount. The material selected by the method is easy to obtain, low in cost, simple in preparation process and simple and fast in fertilizing method, and the prepared crop straw leach liquor is high in efficiency of promoting crop seedling to grow, and short in time. The biomass liveweight of the crop seeding is improved by over 30% after the crop straw leach liquor is watered about 40 days. The material adopted by the method is not added chemically synthesized substance, and the prepared crop straw leach liquor has no pollution on the environment and accords with the requirements of sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bio-feritlizer application technique field, particularly a kind of agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
(1) the agricultural straw resource utilization receives much concern
Agricultural crop straw is one of main waste in the agriculture prodn, contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-composition, is a kind of important renewable resources, has very big comprehensive utilization value.The stalk that produces in the annual agriculture prodn in the whole world at present is hundred million tons of 1000-2000, and there are nearly 600,000,000 tons of stalks in China every year, and 2,000 ten thousand tons of less thaies that is utilized, about 97% stalk is burned, is piled up and abandoned, and has both caused the wasting of resources, causes environmental pollution again.Crop straw burning also can cause the evaporation of soil moisture and the destruction of Soil structure, causes soil compaction, and fertility descends, and soil ecosystem worsens, and crop yield descends.This has become government's care, social concerns, public opinion focus and difficult point problem deeply concerned.Therefore, recycling how to carry out agricultural crop straw has become the agricultural problem that needs to be resolved hurrily.The straw-returning technology is the strategic choice of carrying of protection environment, promotion agricultural sustainable development.Straw-returning has been obtained certain effect at present, but still has some problems.Wherein the decomposition difficulty is to influence the critical limitation factor that straw-returning technology big area is promoted behind the straw-returning.
(2) mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer market outlook are wide, the improvement but the application technique of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer is still needed
In the last hundred years, using of chemical fertilizer makes a great contribution to agriculture prodn.Because chemical fertilizer has advantages such as easy to use, that fertilizer efficiency is fast, cause its consumption more and more.But a large amount of in developed regions, excessive in recent years use chemical fertilizer; Cause in the soil single nutrient such as phosphorus or nitrogen content too high, near the nitric nitrogen that cause that soil nutrient balance imbalance, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio are lower, body eutrophication increases the weight of, lose the farmland to soil and groundwater pollution increase the weight of, phenomenon such as the rhizosphere microflora equilibrium condition is suffered destruction, plant growth is bad and various disease is on the rise.The research of bio-feritlizer, development and utilization are the important channels that solves this difficult problem.Bush mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Be called for short AMF) be the one type of peculiar microorganism that is distributed widely in all kinds soil; It can form " mycorhiza " (arbuscular mycorrhiza is called for short AM) with the root system of about 90% vascular plant on the earth.Mycorhiza is a kind of active, vital reciprocal symbiosis body of soil population, and it has the characteristic of root system of plant and mikrobe simultaneously.Have a large amount of reports about AMF in the effect that promotes host plant to grow, increase aspects such as host plant P nutrition, adjusting water metabolism and enhancement of plant resistance both at home and abroad, receive the common concern of countries in the world as bio-feritlizer AMF just day by day.
Bio-feritlizer has irreplaceable effect to the Sustainable development that improves crops quality, protection environmental ecology and agricultural.Especially under face of mankind energy dilemma, resource scarcity, environmental pollution equipressure, the research of bio-feritlizer and application are more in the past than the attention that all receives countries in the world any period more.The production application of China's microbial fertilizer has the history of decades, and bio-feritlizer effect in husbandry is produced has obtained certainly, but its effect aborning is also very unstable, and this has limited further popularizing of it.How improving with the stabilate fertilizer efficiency is one of important proposition of bio-feritlizer development.
(3) mixed the executing of agricultural crop straw and mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer is to improve bio-feritlizer fertilizer efficiency and the new way that promotes stalk resource
Bush mycorrhizal fungi is improving resistance and the disease resistance of plant, is safeguarding and bringing into play keying action aspect the plant health.Former study shows, organic materials such as mushroom slag, stalk, peat and compost can effectively improve the infection rate of AMF, but different organic materials adds and processing mode differs greatly to the AMF application effect.
Seeing that bush mycorrhizal fungi is in the plurality of advantages of agricultural application and the powerful market requirement of agricultural straw resourceization; Adopt agricultural crop straw and handle product raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency and promotion agricultural straw resourceization, will new approach be provided for agricultural sustainable development.Because different types of agricultural crop straw role in improving crop growth conditions and improving the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency is different; Processing through regulating agricultural crop straw and method of application are to reach the method for raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency; This widespread use that is not merely mycorrhizal fungi provides safeguard, and helps the resource utilization of agricultural crop straw.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above technical problem, design provides a kind of agricultural crop straw vat liquor and preparation and application process that is specially adapted to improve the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.This method is simple to operation, and cost is low, promotes plant growth obvious with raising mycorrhizal fungi infection rate effect.This method is applicable to when cash crop such as tomato, cucumber, watermelon, hami melon are used mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and grow seedlings and uses, and rejuvenation and the soil improvement of mycorrhizal fungi in the planting process of perennial crop such as fruit tree.
The preparation that is suitable for improving the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency of the present invention contains material selection, making processes and quality index and chooses three parts; The application process of agricultural crop straw vat liquor comprises the selection of parameter of application conditions, time of application and amount of application.
The preparation method of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency of the present invention is:
Step 1: with the agricultural crop straw wash clean, be cut into 1-5cm length after drying or drying, the mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.1-0.3mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.1-0.5L/h, and ventilation 20-60min removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs agricultural crop straw in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1: (1-20);
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, preferred 25-30 ℃, through 5-10 days, makes the agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described agricultural crop straw is selected to satisfy index: the ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, semicellulose>=2.2%, xylogen>=1.0%, carbon and nitrogen element is between 20-50.
The application process of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that makes: the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours, and every mu amount of application is 10-20L, uses after adding the water dilution of 2-50 times of quality.
Agricultural crop straw vat liquor after the above-mentioned dilution directly is poured onto crop root, perhaps adopts drip irrigation system.
The agricultural crop straw vat liquor of the raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that the present invention makes meets " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), also has other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, COD (COD
Cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon crowd number≤8000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
Beneficial effect: 1) material of the making of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor among the present invention very easily obtains, and cost is lower, and making processes is simple, and application process is easy; 2) the present invention improves the efficient height of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor promotion crop seedling growth of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency; Promote that the effect of plant growth is obvious; Time is short, and the stalk vat liquor waters that the plant living weight significantly increases after about 40 days, and the crop seedling living weight improves more than 30%; 3) raw material that the present invention adopted does not add the chemosynthesis material, and the stalk vat liquor environmentally safe of producing meets the agricultural sustainable development needs.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Wheat stalk vat liquor and mycorrhizal fungi that Fig. 1: embodiment 1 makes are used the influence to tomato the upperground part biomass, are that traditional fertilization, mycorrhizal fungi, stalk vat liquor, stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled the plantation tomato through tomato overground part dry weight numerical value after 40 days among the figure.
Figure: 2: corn straw vat liquor and mycorrhizal fungi that embodiment 2 makes are used the influence to tomato the upperground part biomass, are that traditional fertilization, mycorrhizal fungi, stalk vat liquor, stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled and plants tomato through tomato overground part dry weight numerical value after 40 days among the figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: with the wheat stalk wash clean, be cut into 1-2cm length after drying, the mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs wheat stalk in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1:1;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 7 days, makes the wheat stalk vat liquor that improves the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described wheat stalk is selected to satisfy index: Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, semicellulose>=2.2%, xylogen>=1.0% and C/N are between 20-50.
The wheat stalk vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that makes meets " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), also has other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, COD (COD
Cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon crowd number≤8000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
On the matrix of peat: vermiculite=2:1, plant tomato, in conjunction with conventional fertilizers (chemical fertilizer N 0.2g/kg, P
2O
50.05g/kg, K
2O 0.25g/kg matrix+10g chicken manure organic fertilizer) under the using, the wheat stalk vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours, every mu amount of application is 10L, directly is poured onto the tomato root after adding the water dilution of 5 times of quality.Through 40 days; Tomato the upperground part biomass that wheat stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled is significantly higher than other treatment processs; Concrete comparative result is to handle than traditional fertilization, mycorhiza interpolation and independent wheat stalk vat liquor respectively to exceed 123%, 37.0% and 52.8%; The tomato yield that wheat stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled all is higher than the contrast fertilizer treatment, but does not have statistical difference between them.Experiment shows, the wheat stalk vat liquor and the method for use planting vegetable on seedling medium that adopt the present invention to make can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi, thereby improves the living weight of tomato seedling.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: with the corn straw wash clean, be cut into 2-4cm length after drying, the mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.20mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.3L/h, and ventilation 30min removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs corn straw in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of corn straw and water is 1:4;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 7 days, makes the corn straw vat liquor that improves the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described corn straw is selected to satisfy index: Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, semicellulose>=2.2%, xylogen>=1.0% and C/N are between 20-50.
The corn straw vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that makes meets " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), also has other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, COD (COD
Cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon crowd number≤10000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
On the matrix of peat: vermiculite=2:1, plant tomato, in conjunction with conventional fertilizers (chemical fertilizer N 0.2g/kg, P
2O
50.05g/kg, K
2O 0.25g/kg matrix+10g chicken manure organic fertilizer) under the using; The corn straw vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours; Every mu amount of application is 15L; Directly be poured onto the tomato root after the water dilution of 2 times of quality of adding, through 40 days, tomato the upperground part biomass that corn straw vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled was respectively traditional fertilization, mycorhiza add and the corn straw vat liquor is handled 2.46,1.51 and 2.55 times; Stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is handled tomato yield and all is higher than the contrast fertilizer treatment, but does not have statistical difference between them.Experiment shows, the corn straw vat liquor and the method for use planting vegetable on seedling medium that adopt the present invention to make can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi, thereby improves the living weight of tomato seedling.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method who improves the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency is characterized in that, its concrete preparation process is:
Step 1: with the agricultural crop straw wash clean, be cut into 1-5cm length after drying or drying, the mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.1-0.3mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.1-0.5L/h, and ventilation 20-60min removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs agricultural crop straw in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1: (1-20);
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, preferred 25-30 ℃, through 5-10 days, makes the agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves the mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
2. a kind of preparation method who improves the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described agricultural crop straw is selected to satisfy index and is: the ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, semicellulose>=2.2%, xylogen>=1.0%, carbon and nitrogen element is between 20-50.
3. a kind of preparation method who improves the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The application process of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of the raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that makes is: the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours; Every mu amount of application is 10-20L, uses after the water dilution of 2-50 times of quality of adding.
4. a kind of preparation method who improves the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency according to claim 3 is characterized in that the agricultural crop straw vat liquor after the dilution directly is poured onto crop root, perhaps adopts drip irrigation system.
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| CN201210215769.6A CN102701869B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor |
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| CN201210215769.6A CN102701869B (en) | 2012-06-27 | 2012-06-27 | Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103130534A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-05 | 河北大学 | Sawdust bacteria bran nutritional agent for culturing lavender and preparation method thereof |
| CN103214302A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-24 | 河北大学 | Sawdust mushroom residue nutrition agent used for cultivating mozzie buster |
| CN108077023A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-29 | 贵州师范学院 | A kind of natural plants soilless culture nutrient fluid based on blue or green stalk leaching liquor |
| CN109053263A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-21 | 黑龙江大学 | A kind of preparation method of the harmless plant nutrition liquid based on corn stover Soakage extraction |
| CN110186920A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of China fir phosphorus efficiency using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi utilizes breeding identification method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103130534A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-05 | 河北大学 | Sawdust bacteria bran nutritional agent for culturing lavender and preparation method thereof |
| CN103214302A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-24 | 河北大学 | Sawdust mushroom residue nutrition agent used for cultivating mozzie buster |
| CN103214302B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-22 | 河北大学 | Sawdust mushroom residue nutrition agent used for cultivating mozzie buster, and preparing method thereof |
| CN108077023A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-29 | 贵州师范学院 | A kind of natural plants soilless culture nutrient fluid based on blue or green stalk leaching liquor |
| CN109053263A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-21 | 黑龙江大学 | A kind of preparation method of the harmless plant nutrition liquid based on corn stover Soakage extraction |
| CN110186920A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of China fir phosphorus efficiency using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi utilizes breeding identification method |
| CN110186920B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-04-20 | 福建农林大学 | Method for identifying improved varieties of fir wood with high-efficiency utilization by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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| CN102701869B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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